class substitution in php - php

Question

Is there any way to make it work? See example :
class car {
function __construct($type){
switch ($type) {
case 'big' : return new big_car();
case 'small' : return new small_car();
}
}
function whatisit () {
echo "this is car ;( \n";
}
}
class big_car extends car {
function __construct(){}
function whatisit () {
echo "this is big car ;) \n";
}
}
class small_car extends car {
function __construct(){}
function whatisit () {
echo "this is small car ;) \n";
}
}
so the goal is to use it this way:
$mycar = new car('big');
$mycar->whatisit(); // i want it to say that it's big
I guess very much that its bad way and it cannot work this way but maybe there is a trick?
PS:: I know I can use special static method for that but...

Answer 1

You need a car factory to create new cars; this is not JavaScript :)
class car_factory
{
function create_car($type = null)
{
switch ($type) {
case 'big':
return new big_car();
case 'small':
return new small_car();
case null:
return new car();
}
throw new InvalidArgumentException($type);
}
}
$factory = new car_factory;
$small_car = $factory->create_car('small');
$std_car = $factory->create_car();
Of course, you should remove the __construct function from your original code.
As mentioned in the comments you could completely generalize this by using dynamic classes, assuming class extensions have the same constructor and class naming is consistent:
class car_factory
{
function create_car($type = null)
{
if (is_null($type)) {
return new car();
}
$class = "{$type}_car";
if (class_exists($class)) {
$obj = new $class();
if ($obj instanceof car) {
return $obj;
}
}
throw new InvalidArgumentException($type);
}
}
Personally I have no preferences either way; if extensibility is a key factor, go for it, otherwise stick with a simple switch.

Answer 2

[...]you could completely generalize this by using dynamic classes, assuming class extensions have the same constructor and class naming is consistent
You can add even more flexibility using Reflection:
class car_factory
{
function create_car($class = null, $constructorArgs = array())
{
if (is_null($class)) {
return new car();
}
try {
$refl = new ReflectionClass($class);
if (!$refl->isSubclassOf('car') {
throw new DomainException("Type: {$class} is not a car type");
}
return $refl->newIntanceArgs($constructorArgs);
} catch(ReflectionException $e) {
throw new DomainException("Invalid car type: {$class}");
}
}
}
Now use:
$factory = new car_factory();
$car1 = $factory->create_car('big_car');
$car2 = $factory->create_car('small_car');
$car3 = $factory->create_car('fancy_car_name_with_constructor_args', array("I'm fancy!"));