php dynamically append method to class - php

Need dynamically append method to class.
My code:
<?php
class stdClass1 {
public function __call($method, $arguments) {
return call_user_func_array(Closure::bind($this->$method, $this, get_called_class()), $arguments);
}
}
class stdClass2 {
function stdRunMethod() {
$obj = new stdClass1();
$obj->test = function() {
echo 'a simple function';
};
$obj->test();
$obj2 = new stdClass1();
$obj2->test();
}
}
$obj = new stdClass2();
$obj->stdRunMethod();
Question: why test method run only for first instance of stdClass1 class? How to append this method for all new instances?

try this instead (demo):
<?php
class stdClass1 extends \stdClass
{
private static $addedClosures = array();
public function __set($name, $value)
{
if ($value instanceof \Closure) {
self::$addedClosures[$name] = $value;
}
else {
parent::__set($name, $value);
}
}
public function __call($method, $arguments)
{
if (isset(self::$addedClosures[$method]))
return call_user_func_array(self::$addedClosures[$method], $arguments);
return call_user_func_array($method, $arguments);
}
}
class stdClass2 extends \stdClass
{
function stdRunMethod()
{
$obj = new stdClass1();
$obj->test = function () {
print_r('a simple function');
};
$obj->test();
$obj2 = new stdClass1();
$obj2->test();
}
}

The reason it only runs once is that each copy of stdClass1 maintains their own set of variables. In the following
$obj1 = new stdClass1();
$obj1->a = '1';
$obj2 = new stdClass1();
$obj2->a = '2';
echo $obj1->a;
You'll get the value 1 as the output. Because in most cases they maintain different references. Unless you use the static keyword. Static properties are shared between all instances of the class, and should be used carefully, but that's what you're thinking of. What you're thinking of can be done like this
<?php
class stdClass1 {
private static $methods = [];
public function __call($method, $arguments) {
return call_user_func_array(Closure::bind($this->methods[$method], $this, get_called_class()), $arguments);
}
public function __set($name, $value) {
if (is_callable($value)) {
$this->methods[$name] = $value;
} else {
parent::__set($name, $value);
}
}
}
Here we're using a static, defined property to hold all of the dynamic methods, and we're using the magic __set property to set the methods in to the array.
That being said, dynamically loading methods in to an object is bad. Don't do that

Related

Using call_user_func with method_exists

Try to call method_exists on method registred with call_user_func.
<?php
class stdClass1
{
public static $methods = [];
public function __call($method, $arguments) {
return call_user_func_array(Closure::bind(self::$methods[$method], $this, get_called_class()), $arguments);
}
public function __set($name, $value) {
if (is_callable($value)) {
self::$methods[$name] = $value;
} else {
parent::__set($name, $value);
}
}
}
class stdClass2
{
function stdRunMethod()
{
$obj = new stdClass1();
$obj->test = function () {
echo 'a simple function'.PHP_EOL;
};
var_dump(method_exists($obj, "test"));
}
}
$obj = new stdClass2();
$obj->stdRunMethod();
method_exists return false. How to check this method with method_exists? Why method_exists return false?
Because test is not a method. It's a property which stores anonymous function.
If you want to check if value of property can be called as function you can use is_callable:
var_dump(is_callable([$obj, "test"]));

Get all the instances of a particular class in PHP

I want to be able to do something like:
objects = getAllInstances(ClassName);
where ClassName has a unique field, so that two instances can not have the exact same value of that field.
class ClassName {
protected $unique_field;
public function __construct($value)
{
$objects = getAllInstances(self);
foreach($objects as $object)
{
if($object->getUniqueField() === $value)
{
return $object;
}
}
}
public function getUniqueField()
{
return $this->unique_field;
}
};
Is there a design pattern, a built-in function in PHP for this purpose, or must I use a static array that holds all the created instances and then just loop over it?
You could create a factory that keeps a reference to all instances created with it:
class ClassNameFactory
{
private $instances = [];
public function create($value)
{
return $this->instances[] = new ClassName($value);
}
public function getInstances()
{
return $this->instances;
}
}
$f = new ClassNameFactory();
$o1 = $f->create('foo');
$o2 = $f->create('bar');
print_r($f->getInstances());
You can hold a static array with all the existing instances. Something similar to this...
static $instances;
public function __construct($name) {
$this->unique_field = $name;
if (empty($instances)) {
self::$instances = array();
}
foreach (self::$instances as $instance) {
if ($instance->getUniqueField() === $name)
return $instance;
}
self::$instances[] = $this;
}
What you need is the registry pattern:
class ClassNameRegistry {
private $instances = array();
public function set($name, InterfaceName $instance) {
$this->instances[$name] = $instance;
}
public function get($name) {
if (!$this->has($name)) {
throw new \LogicException(sprintf(
'No instance "%s" found for class "ClassName".',
$name
);
}
return $this->instances[$name];
}
public function has($name) {
return isset($this->instances[$name]);
}
public function getAll() {
return $this->instances;
}
}
This is certainly the best OOP architecture option because you isolate the behaviour in a standalone class as a service. If you do not have a dependency injection mechanism with services, I would suggest you to define the registry class as a singleton!
In my example, I used a InterfaceName to have a low coupling between Registry and its handled instances.

What's wrong in this singleton class

I've 3 classes. [1]Singleton [2]Load [3]Dashboard . In Load class there is one method called 'model()'. Where i'm initializing data for singleton object by using this code.
$obj = Singleton::getInstance();
$obj->insertData('email', 'mail#domain.com');
Again, from Dashboard class there is one method called 'show()' from where i'm trying to print the Singleton object data. But, here i can see all the data of Singleton object except the data which has been initialized by 'model' method of 'Load' class.
Here is my full code...
<?php
//---Singletone Class---
class Singleton
{
// A static property to hold the single instance of the class
private static $instance;
// The constructor is private so that outside code cannot instantiate
public function __construct() {
if(isset(self::$instance))
foreach(self::$instance as $key => &$val)
{
$this->{$key} = &$val;
}
}
// All code that needs to get and instance of the class should call
// this function like so: $db = Database::getInstance();
public static function getInstance()
{
// If there is no instance, create one
if (!isset(self::$instance)) {
$c = __CLASS__;
self::$instance = new $c;
}
return self::$instance;
}
// Block the clone method
private function __clone() {}
// Function for inserting data to object
public function insertData($param, $element)
{
$this->{$param} = $element;
}
}
//---LOAD class---
class Load
{
function __construct()
{
$obj = Singleton::getInstance();
$obj->insertData('country', 'INDIA');
}
function model()
{
$this->name = 'Suresh';
$obj = Singleton::getInstance();
$obj->insertData('email', 'mail#domain.com');
}
function msg()
{
return('<br><br>This message is from LOAD class');
}
}
$obj = Singleton::getInstance();
$load = new load();
$obj->load = $load;
//---Dashboard Class---
class Dashboard extends Singleton
{
function __construct()
{
parent::__construct();
}
function show()
{
echo "Default data in current Object";
echo "<br>";
print_r($this);
echo $this->load->msg();
$this->load->model();
echo "<br><br>Data in current Object after post intialization";
echo "<br>";
print_r($this);
}
}
$dashboard = new dashboard();
$dashboard->show();
If your singleton was truly a singleton then the update would have worked. I'm suspecting that you may have multiple instances of the singleton class that is initialized.
Edit:
Also its not a good idea to inherit from a true singleton class.
You need to remove the inheritance that Dashboard has on Singleton
Edit:
Best practice on PHP singleton classes
I don't like your direct access to an object like an array. This one is a better approach [see here]:
You should call it like this:
$obj = Singleton::getInstance();
$load = new Load();
$obj->insertData( 'load', $load );
Implementation of Singleton:
class Singleton
{
// A static property to hold the single instance of the class
private static $instance;
// my local data
protected $_properties;
// You might want to move setter/getter to the end of the class file
public function __set( $name, $value )
{
$this->_properties[ $name ] = $value;
}
public function __get( $name )
{
if ( ! isset( $this->_properties[ $name ] )) {
return null;
}
return $this->_properties[ $name ];
}
// No need to check, if single instance exists!
// __construct can only be called, if an instance of Singleton actually exists
private function __construct() {
$this->_properties = array();
foreach(self::$instance as $key => &$val)
{
$this->_properties{$key} = &$val;
}
}
public static function getInstance()
{
if (!isset(self::$instance)) {
$c = __CLASS__;
self::$instance = new $c;
}
return self::$instance;
}
// Function for inserting data to object
public function insertData($param, $element)
{
$this->_properties{$param} = $element;
}
// Block the clone method
private function __clone() {}
}

PHP: immutable public member fields

I need to create an immutable class which is simply a member field container. I want its fields to be instantiated once in its constructor (the values should be given as parameters to the constructor). I want the fields to be public but immutable. I could have done it with Java using the final keyword before each field. How is it done in PHP?
You should use __set and __get magic methods and declare that property as protected or private:
/**
* #property-read string $value
*/
class Example
{
private $value;
public function __construct()
{
$this->value = "test";
}
public function __get($key)
{
if (property_exists($this, $key)) {
return $this->{$key};
} else {
return null; // or throw an exception
}
}
public function __set($key, $value)
{
return; // or throw an exception
}
}
Example:
$example = new Example();
var_dump($example->value);
$example->value = "invalid";
var_dump($example->value);
Outputs:
string(4) "test"
string(4) "test"
#property-read should help your IDE acknowledge existence of this magic property.
You could use the __set() magic method and throw an exception when someone tries to set a property directly.
class ClassName {
public function __set($key, $value) {
throw new Exception('Can't modify property directly.');
}
}
However, this would prevent modification of properties regardless of whether they're public or not.
magic methods
so you can do better - if you have a dinamyc count of fields
class ClassName {
private $fields = array();
// use class : $cl = new ClassName(array('f'=>2,'field_4'=>5,''12));
// echo $cl->field_4; echo $cl->f;
public function __construct($data= array())
{
if (!is_array($data) || !count($data)) throw new Exception('Not enough args')
foreach ($data as $key=>$val)
{
if (is_numeric($key))
$this->fields['field_'.$key] = $val;
else
$this->fields[$key] = $val;
}
}
/* in this case you can use this class like $cl = new ClassName(12,14,13,15,12); echo $cl->field_1;
public function __construct()
{
$ata = funcs_get_args();
if (!count($data)) throw new Exception('Not enough args')
foreach ($data as $key=>$val)
{
if (is_numeric($key))
$this->fields['field_'.$key] = $val;
else
$this->fields[$key] = $val;
}
}
*/
public function __get($var) {
if (isset($this->fields[$var]))
return $this->fields[$var];
return false;
//or throw new Exception ('Undeclared property');
}
}
<?php
declare(strict_types=1);
final class Immutable
{
/** #var string */
private $value;
public static function withValue(string $value): self
{
return new self($value);
}
public function __construct(string $value)
{
$this->value = $value;
}
public function value(): string
{
return $this->value;
}
}
// Example of usage:
$immutable = Immutable::withValue("my value");
$immutable->value(); // You can get its value but there is no way to modify it.

Magic __get getter for static properties in PHP

public static function __get($value)
does not work, and even if it did, it so happens that I already need the magic __get getter for instance properties in the same class.
This probably is a yes or no question, so, it is possible?
No, it is not possible.
Quoting the manual page of __get :
Member overloading only works in
object context. These magic methods
will not be triggered in static
context. Therefore these methods can
not be declared static.
In PHP 5.3, __callStatic has been added ; but there is no __getStatic nor __setStatic yet ; even if the idea of having/coding them often comes back on the php internals# mailling-list.
There is even a Request for Comments: Static classes for PHP
But, still, not implemented (yet ? )
Maybe someone still need this:
static public function __callStatic($method, $args) {
if (preg_match('/^([gs]et)([A-Z])(.*)$/', $method, $match)) {
$reflector = new \ReflectionClass(__CLASS__);
$property = strtolower($match[2]). $match[3];
if ($reflector->hasProperty($property)) {
$property = $reflector->getProperty($property);
switch($match[1]) {
case 'get': return $property->getValue();
case 'set': return $property->setValue($args[0]);
}
} else throw new InvalidArgumentException("Property {$property} doesn't exist");
}
}
Very nice mbrzuchalski. But it seems to only work on public variables. Just change your switch to this to allow it to access private/protected ones:
switch($match[1]) {
case 'get': return self::${$property->name};
case 'set': return self::${$property->name} = $args[0];
}
And you'd probably want to change the if statement to limit the variables that are accessible, or else it would defeat the purpose of having them be private or protected.
if ($reflector->hasProperty($property) && in_array($property, array("allowedBVariable1", "allowedVariable2"))) {...)
So for example, I have a class designed to pull various data for me out of a remote server using an ssh pear module, and I want it to make certain assumptions about the target directory based on what server it's being asked to look at. A tweaked version of mbrzuchalski's method is perfect for that.
static public function __callStatic($method, $args) {
if (preg_match('/^([gs]et)([A-Z])(.*)$/', $method, $match)) {
$reflector = new \ReflectionClass(__CLASS__);
$property = strtolower($match[2]). $match[3];
if ($reflector->hasProperty($property)) {
if ($property == "server") {
$property = $reflector->getProperty($property);
switch($match[1]) {
case 'set':
self::${$property->name} = $args[0];
if ($args[0] == "server1") self::$targetDir = "/mnt/source/";
elseif($args[0] == "server2") self::$targetDir = "/source/";
else self::$targetDir = "/";
case 'get': return self::${$property->name};
}
} else throw new InvalidArgumentException("Property {$property} is not publicly accessible.");
} else throw new InvalidArgumentException("Property {$property} doesn't exist.");
}
}
try this:
class nameClass{
private static $_sData = [];
private static $object = null;
private $_oData = [];
public function __construct($data=[]){
$this->_oData = $data;
}
public static function setData($data=[]){
self::$_sData = $data;
}
public static function Data(){
if( empty( self::$object ) ){
self::$object = new self( self::$_sData );
}
return self::$object;
}
public function __get($key) {
if( isset($this->_oData[$key] ){
return $this->_oData[$key];
}
}
public function __set($key, $value) {
$this->_oData[$key] = $value;
}
}
nameClass::setData([
'data1'=>'val1',
'data2'=>'val2',
'data3'=>'val3',
'datan'=>'valn'
]);
nameClass::Data()->data1 = 'newValue';
echo(nameClass::Data()->data1);
echo(nameClass::Data()->data2);
Combining __callStatic and call_user_func or call_user_func_array can give access to static properties in PHP class
Example:
class myClass {
private static $instance;
public function __construct() {
if (!self::$instance) {
self::$instance = $this;
}
return self::$instance;
}
public static function __callStatic($method, $args) {
if (!self::$instance) {
new self();
}
if (substr($method, 0, 1) == '$') {
$method = substr($method, 1);
}
if ($method == 'instance') {
return self::$instance;
} elseif ($method == 'not_exist') {
echo "Not implemented\n";
}
}
public function myFunc() {
echo "myFunc()\n";
}
}
// Getting $instance
$instance = call_user_func('myClass::$instance');
$instance->myFunc();
// Access to undeclared
call_user_func('myClass::$not_exist');
Also, you can get static properties accessing them like member properties, using __get():
class ClassName {
private static $data = 'smth';
function __get($field){
if (isset($this->$field)){
return $this->$field;
}
if(isset(self::$$field)){
return self::$$field; // here you can get value of static property
}
return NULL;
}
}
$obj = new ClassName();
echo $obj->data; // "smth"

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