foreach($cases['rows'] as $i => $item) {
foreach($array as $key => $val) {
if($item['status'] == $key) {
echo $val;
}
}
}
Right now this code functions, but if $item['status'] != $key it echoes nothing. I've tried to add an else statement after the if statement except it prints it tens of times.
How can I achieve this functionality? I want it to print $item['status'] if $item['status'] != $key
Help is appreciated.
Thanks.
The way I understand the question you have two arrays:
An array containing different abbreviations and their full meaning.
Another multidimensional array containing arrays which again contain status-abbreviations.
To echo the full meaning instead of the abbreviations:
$abbreviations = array('NT' => 'Not taken',
'N/A' => 'Not available');
$data = array(array('status' => 'NT'),
array('status' => 'N/A'));
foreach($data as $item) {
if(array_key_exists($item['status'], $abbreviations)) {
echo $abbreviations[$item['status']] . PHP_EOL;
} else {
echo $item['status'] . PHP_EOL;
}
}
Result:
Not taken
Not available
Try this:
$test = null;
foreach($cases['rows'] as $i => $item) {
foreach($array as $key => $val) {
if($item['status'] == $key) {
echo $val;
}
else {
$test = $val;
}
}
}
if($test != null) {
echo $test//Or whatever you want to display
}
Without more info regarding the type of data in both arrays, I would suggest you to try:
!($item['status'] == $key) deny the correct statement
$item['status'] !== $key try also checking the same type (test this also with the equal statement to see if you get the results you expect)
This code is properly working. However, I'm thinking of ways to shorten it since I'm still learning PHP. I'm using this snippet to generate a title for an e-mail I am going to send to somebody.
foreach($_POST as $key => $value) {
if(strpos($key,'cloud') !== false && !$a) {
$title .= "CS ";
$a = true;
}
if(strpos($key,'dco') !== false && !$b) {
$title .= "DC ";
$b = true;
}
if(strpos($key,'comm') !== false && !$c) {
$title .= "BC ";
$c = true;
}
if(strpos($key,'fiber') !== false && !$d) {
$title .= "FC ";
$d = true;
}
}
I'm pretty sure they do the same thing (all of the if statements). If there's anything you can suggest/advice, please let me know!
Cheers!
You can simple create function. This code should work:
foreach($_POST as $key => $value) {
checkstrpos($key,'cloud',$a,$title,"CS ");
checkstrpos($key,'dco',$b,$title,"DC ");
checkstrpos($key,'comm',$c,$title,"BC ");
checkstrpos($key,'fiber',$d,$title,"FC ");
}
function checkstrpos($key,$text, &$variable, &$title, $add) {
if(strpos($key,$text) !== false && !$variable) {
$title .= $add;
$variable = true;
}
}
Another solution without using references:
foreach($_POST as $key => $value) {
list($title, $a) = checkstrpos($key,'cloud',$a,$title,"CS ");
list($title, $b) = checkstrpos($key,'dco',$b,$title,"DC ");
list($title, $c) = checkstrpos($key,'comm',$c,$title,"BC ");
list($title, $d) = checkstrpos($key,'fiber',$d,$title,"FC ");
}
function checkstrpos($key,$text, $variable, $title, $add) {
if(strpos($key,$text) !== false && !$variable) {
$title .= $add;
$variable = true;
}
return array($title, $variable);
}
To me I think that code is simple enough.
If you're attempting to make the code shorter, you risk making it harder to read.
The one comment I have is don't use generic variable names like $a, $b, $c and $d. Use proper descriptive variable names instead.
It's possible that you could swap the positions of these conditions, that is, change
if(strpos($key,'dco') !== false && !$b)
to
if(!$b && strpos($key,'dco') !== false)
But this is more of a micro-optimization than a simplification or change in readability.
Another solution without using a function:
$infos = array(
array('cloud', 'CS', &$a),
array('dco', 'DC', &$b),
array('comm', 'BC', &$c),
array('fiber', 'FC', &$d)
);
foreach($_POST as $k => $v) {
foreach($infos as $info) {
if ( !$info[2] && strpos($k, $info[0]) !== false) {
$title .= $info[1]. ' ';
$info[2] = true;
}
}
}
This isn't the best way though. As suggested in another answer, it'd be better to use a function: an anonymous function (aka closure).
Is this possible?
Like make an array with all the variables that have a certain prefix?
I don't need the keys just the values, but I guess I could use array_values on the array.
If you need to do this, it's probably not written very well to begin with, but, here's how to do it :)
$foobar = 'test';
$anothervar = 'anothertest';
$foooverflow = 'fo';
$barfoo = 'foobar';
$prefix = 'foo';
$output = array();
$vars = get_defined_vars();
foreach ($vars as $key => $value) {
if (strpos($key, $prefix) === 0) $output[] = $value;
}
/*
$output = array(
'test', // from $foobar
'fo', // from $foooverflow
);
*/
http://php.net/manual/en/function.get-defined-vars.php
my eyes are bleeding a little, but I couldn't resist a one liner.
print_r(iterator_to_array(new RegexIterator(new ArrayIterator(get_defined_vars()), '/^' . preg_quote($prefix) . '/', RegexIterator::GET_MATCH, RegexIterator::USE_KEY)));
If you're talking about variables in the global scope, you could do this with $GLOBALS[]:
$newarray = array();
// Iterate over all current global vars
foreach ($GLOBALS as $key => $value) {
// And add those with keys matching prefix_ to a new array
if (strpos($key, 'prefix_' === 0) {
$newarray[$key] = $value;
}
}
If you have lots and lots of variables in global scope, this is going to be slower in execution than manually adding them all to compact(), but faster to type out.
Addendum
I would just add (though I suspect you already know) that if you have the ability to refactor this code, you are better off to group the related variables together into an array in the first place.
This, my second answer, shows how to do this without making a mess of the global scope by using a simple PHP object:
$v = new stdClass();
$v->foo = "bar";
$v->scope = "your friend";
$v->using_classes = "a good idea";
$v->foo_overflow = "a bad day";
echo "Man, this is $v->using_classes!\n";
$prefix = "foo";
$output = array();
$refl = new ReflectionObject($v);
foreach ($refl->getProperties() as $prop) {
if (strpos($prop->getName(), $prefix) === 0) $output[] = $prop->getValue($v);
}
var_export($output);
Here's the output:
Man, this is a good idea!
array (
0 => 'bar',
1 => 'a bad day',
)
I'm working on a program that uses PHP's internal array pointers to iterate along a multidimensional array. I need to get an element from the current row, and I've been doing it like so:
$arr[key($arr)]['item']
However, I'd much prefer to use something like:
current($arr)['item'] // invalid syntax
I'm hoping there's a function out there that I've missed in my scan of the documentation that would enable me to access the element like so:
getvalue(current($arr), 'item')
or
current($arr)->getvalue('item')
Any suggestions?
I very much doubt there is such a function, but it's trivial to write
function getvalue($array, $key)
{
return $array[$key];
}
Edit: As of PHP 5.4, you can index array elements directly from function expressions, current($arr)['item'].
Have you tried using one of the iterator classes yet? There might be something in there that does exactly what you want. If not, you can likely get what you want by extending the ArrayObject class.
This function might be a bit lenghty but I use it all the time, specially in scenarious like:
if (array_key_exists('user', $_SESSION) === true)
{
if (array_key_exists('level', $_SESSION['user']) === true)
{
$value = $_SESSION['user']['level'];
}
else
{
$value = 'DEFAULT VALUE IF NOT EXISTS';
}
}
else
{
$value = 'DEFAULT VALUE IF NOT EXISTS';
}
Turns to this:
Value($_SESSION, array('user', 'level'), 'DEFAULT VALUE IF NOT EXISTS');
Here is the function:
function Value($array, $key = 0, $default = false)
{
if (is_array($array) === true)
{
if (is_array($key) === true)
{
foreach ($key as $value)
{
if (array_key_exists($value, $array) === true)
{
$array = $array[$value];
}
else
{
return $default;
}
}
return $array;
}
else if (array_key_exists($key, $array) === true)
{
return $array[$key];
}
}
return $default;
}
PS: You can also use unidimensional arrays, like this:
Value($_SERVER, 'REQUEST_METHOD', 'DEFAULT VALUE IF NOT EXISTS');
If this does not work, how is your multidimensional array composed? A var_dump() might help.
$subkey = 'B';
$arr = array(
$subkey => array(
'AB' => 'A1',
'AC' => 'A2'
)
);
echo current($arr[$subkey]);
next($arr[$subkey]);
echo current($arr[$subkey]);
I often use
foreach ($arr as $key=>$val) {
$val['item'] /*$val is the value of the array*/
$key /*$key is the key used */
}
instead of
next($arr)/current($arr)
I am writing a SQL query creator using some parameters. In Java, it's very easy to detect the last element of an array from inside the for loop by just checking the current array position with the array length.
for(int i=0; i< arr.length;i++){
boolean isLastElem = i== (arr.length -1) ? true : false;
}
In PHP they have non-integer indexes to access arrays. So you must iterate over an array using a foreach loop. This becomes problematic when you need to take some decision (in my case to append or/and parameter while building query).
I am sure there must be some standard way of doing this.
How do you solve this in PHP?
It sounds like you want something like this:
$numItems = count($arr);
$i = 0;
foreach($arr as $key=>$value) {
if(++$i === $numItems) {
echo "last index!";
}
}
That being said, you don't -have- to iterate over an "array" using foreach in php.
You could get the value of the last key of the array using end(array_keys($array)) and compare it to the current key:
$last_key = end(array_keys($array));
foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
if ($key == $last_key) {
// last element
} else {
// not last element
}
}
Note: This doesn't work because calling next() advances the array pointer, so you're skipping every other element in the loop
why so complicated?
foreach($input as $key => $value) {
$ret .= "$value";
if (next($input)==true) $ret .= ",";
}
This will add a , behind every value except the last one!
When toEnd reaches 0 it means it is at the last iteration of the loop.
$toEnd = count($arr);
foreach($arr as $key=>$value) {
if (0 === --$toEnd) {
echo "last index! $value";
}
}
The last value is still available after the loop, so if you just want to use it for more stuff after the loop this is better:
foreach($arr as $key=>$value) {
//something
}
echo "last index! $key => $value";
If you do not want to treat the last value as special inside loops. This should be faster if you have large arrays. (If you reuse the array after the loop inside the same scope you have to "copy" the array first).
//If you use this in a large global code without namespaces or functions then you can copy the array like this:
//$array = $originalArrayName; //uncomment to copy an array you may use after this loop
//end($array); $lastKey = key($array); //uncomment if you use the keys
$lastValue = array_pop($array);
//do something special with the last value here before you process all the others?
echo "Last is $lastValue", "\n";
foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
//do something with all values before the last value
echo "All except last value: $value", "\n";
}
//do something special with the last value here after you process all the others?
echo "Last is $lastValue", "\n";
And to answer your original question "in my case to append or/and parameter while building query"; this will loop over all the values, then join them together to a string with " and " between them but not before the first value or after the last value:
$params = [];
foreach ($array as $value) {
$params[] = doSomething($value);
}
$parameters = implode(" and ", $params);
There are already many answers, but it's worth to look into iterators as well, especially as it has been asked for a standard way:
$arr = range(1, 3);
$it = new CachingIterator(new ArrayIterator($arr));
foreach($it as $key => $value)
{
if (!$it->hasNext()) echo 'Last:';
echo $value, "\n";
}
You might find something that does work more flexible for other cases, too.
One way could be to detect if the iterator has next. If there is no next attached to the iterator it means you are in the last loop.
foreach ($some_array as $element) {
if(!next($some_array)) {
// This is the last $element
}
}
SINCE PHP 7.3 :
You could get the value of the last key of the array using array_key_last($array) and compare it to the current key:
$last_key = array_key_last($array);
foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
if ($key == $last_key) {
// last element
} else {
// not last element
}
}
to get first and last element from foreach array
foreach($array as $value) {
if ($value === reset($array)) {
echo 'FIRST ELEMENT!';
}
if ($value === end($array)) {
echo 'LAST ITEM!';
}
}
So, if your array has unique array values, then determining last iteration is trivial:
foreach($array as $element) {
if ($element === end($array))
echo 'LAST ELEMENT!';
}
As you see, this works if last element is appearing just once in array, otherwise you get a false alarm. In it is not, you have to compare the keys (which are unique for sure).
foreach($array as $key => $element) {
end($array);
if ($key === key($array))
echo 'LAST ELEMENT!';
}
Also note the strict coparision operator, which is quite important in this case.
Don't add a comma after the last value:
The array:
$data = ['lorem', 'ipsum', 'dolor', 'sit', 'amet'];
The function:
$result = "";
foreach($data as $value) {
$resut .= (next($data)) ? "$value, " : $value;
}
The result:
print $result;
lorem, ipsum, dolor, sit, amet
You can still use that method with associative arrays:
$keys = array_keys($array);
for ($i = 0, $l = count($array); $i < $l; ++$i) {
$key = $array[$i];
$value = $array[$key];
$isLastItem = ($i == ($l - 1));
// do stuff
}
// or this way...
$i = 0;
$l = count($array);
foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
$isLastItem = ($i == ($l - 1));
// do stuff
++$i;
}
Assuming you have the array stored in a variable...
foreach($array as $key=>$value)
{
echo $value;
if($key != count($array)-1) { echo ", "; }
}
If you need to do something for every element except either the first or the last and only if there is more than one element in the array, I prefer the following solution.
I know there are many solutions above and posted months/one year before mine, but this is something I feel is fairly elegant in its own right. The check every loop is also a boolean check as opposed to a numeric "i=(count-1)" check, which may allow for less overhead.
The structure of the loop may feel awkward, but you can compare it to the ordering of thead (beginning), tfoot (end), tbody (current) in HTML table tags.
$first = true;
foreach($array as $key => $value) {
if ($first) {
$first = false;
// Do what you want to do before the first element
echo "List of key, value pairs:\n";
} else {
// Do what you want to do at the end of every element
// except the last, assuming the list has more than one element
echo "\n";
}
// Do what you want to do for the current element
echo $key . ' => ' . $value;
}
For instance, in web development terms, if you want to add a border-bottom to every element except the last in an unordered list (ul), then you can instead add a border-top to every element except the first (the CSS :first-child, supported by IE7+ and Firefox/Webkit supports this logic, whereas :last-child is not supported by IE7).
You can feel free to reuse the $first variable for each and every nested loop as well and things will work just fine since every loop makes $first false during the first process of the first iteration (so breaks/exceptions won't cause issues).
$first = true;
foreach($array as $key => $subArray) {
if ($first) {
$string = "List of key => value array pairs:\n";
$first = false;
} else {
echo "\n";
}
$string .= $key . '=>(';
$first = true;
foreach($subArray as $key => $value) {
if ($first) {
$first = false;
} else {
$string .= ', ';
}
$string .= $key . '=>' . $value;
}
$string .= ')';
}
echo $string;
Example output:
List of key => value array pairs:
key1=>(v1_key1=>v1_val1, v1_key2=>v1_val2)
key2=>(v2_key1=>v2_val1, v2_key2=>v2_val2, v2_key3=>v2_val3)
key3=>(v3_key1=>v3_val1)
This should be the easy way to find the last element:
foreach ( $array as $key => $a ) {
if ( end( array_keys( $array ) ) == $key ) {
echo "Last element";
} else {
echo "Just another element";
}
}
Reference : Link
I have a strong feeling that at the root of this "XY problem" the OP wanted just implode() function.
As your intention of finding the EOF array is just for the glue. Get introduced to the below tactic. You need not require the EOF:
$given_array = array('column1'=>'value1',
'column2'=>'value2',
'column3'=>'value3');
$glue = '';
foreach($given_array as $column_name=>$value){
$where .= " $glue $column_name = $value"; //appending the glue
$glue = 'AND';
}
echo $where;
o/p:
column1 = value1 AND column2 = value2 AND column3 = value3
How about using "end"?
http://php.net/manual/en/function.end.php
It sounds like you want something like this:
$array = array(
'First',
'Second',
'Third',
'Last'
);
foreach($array as $key => $value)
{
if(end($array) === $value)
{
echo "last index!" . $value;
}
}
$array = array("dog", "rabbit", "horse", "rat", "cat");
foreach($array as $index => $animal) {
if ($index === array_key_first($array))
echo $animal; // output: dog
if ($index === array_key_last($array))
echo $animal; // output: cat
}
you can do a count().
for ($i=0;$i<count(arr);$i++){
$i == count(arr)-1 ? true : false;
}
or if you're looking for ONLY the last element, you can use end().
end(arr);
returns only the last element.
and, as it turns out, you CAN index php arrays by integers. It's perfectly happy with
arr[1];
You could also do something like this:
end( $elements );
$endKey = key($elements);
foreach ($elements as $key => $value)
{
if ($key == $endKey) // -- this is the last item
{
// do something
}
// more code
}
I kinda like the following as I feel it is fairly neat. Let's assume we're creating a string with separators between all the elements: e.g. a,b,c
$first = true;
foreach ( $items as $item ) {
$str = ($first)?$first=false:", ".$item;
}
Here's my solution:
Simply get the count of your array, minus 1 (since they start in 0).
$lastkey = count($array) - 1;
foreach($array as $k=>$a){
if($k==$lastkey){
/*do something*/
}
}
foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
$class = ( $key !== count( $array ) -1 ) ? " class='not-last'" : " class='last'";
echo "<div{$class}>";
echo "$value['the_title']";
echo "</div>";
}
Reference
If it is a single dimensional array you can do this to keep it short and sweet:
foreach($items as $idx => $item) {
if (!isset($items[$idx+1])) {
print "I am last";
}
}
Here's another way you could do it:
$arr = range(1, 10);
$end = end($arr);
reset($arr);
while( list($k, $v) = each($arr) )
{
if( $n == $end )
{
echo 'last!';
}
else
{
echo sprintf('%s ', $v);
}
}
If I understand you, then all you need is to reverse the array and get the last element by a pop command:
$rev_array = array_reverse($array);
echo array_pop($rev_array);
You could also try this to make your query... shown here with INSERT
<?php
$week=array('one'=>'monday','two'=>'tuesday','three'=>'wednesday','four'=>'thursday','five'=>'friday','six'=>'saturday','seven'=>'sunday');
$keys = array_keys($week);
$string = "INSERT INTO my_table ('";
$string .= implode("','", $keys);
$string .= "') VALUES ('";
$string .= implode("','", $week);
$string .= "');";
echo $string;
?>
For SQL query generating scripts, or anything that does a different action for the first or last elements, it is much faster (almost twice as fast) to avoid using unneccessary variable checks.
The current accepted solution uses a loop and a check within the loop that will be made every_single_iteration, the correct (fast) way to do this is the following :
$numItems = count($arr);
$i=0;
$firstitem=$arr[0];
$i++;
while($i<$numItems-1){
$some_item=$arr[$i];
$i++;
}
$last_item=$arr[$i];
$i++;
A little homemade benchmark showed the following:
test1: 100000 runs of model morg
time: 1869.3430423737 milliseconds
test2: 100000 runs of model if last
time: 3235.6359958649 milliseconds
Another way to go is to remember the previous loop cycle result and use that as the end result:
$result = $where = "";
foreach ($conditions as $col => $val) {
$result = $where .= $this->getAdapter()->quoteInto($col.' = ?', $val);
$where .= " AND ";
}
return $this->delete($result);