Basically, is it possible, and if so, how do you do the following code without using the raw query() method in CakePHP 2.0.6. I am using PostgreSQL (which generate_series() is a function of). So, how do you do this query the CakePHP way?
$sql = "
SELECT new_rank FROM generate_series(1,999) AS new_rank
LEFT JOIN tasks ON tasks.rank = new_rank
WHERE tasks.rank IS NULL LIMIT 1
";
$data = $this->Task->query($sql);
EDIT
One user said I could try to use the find call on Task and right join to generate_series(). Here is my attempt at that. This code throws an error, in that CakePHP is putting double quotes around the function arguments for generate_series. I wonder how I can get it to not do that?
$data = $this->Task->find('all', array(
'conditions' => array('Task.rank' => null),
'limit' => 1,
'recursive' => -1,
'fields' => 'new_rank',
'joins' => array(
array(
'table'=>'generate_series(1,999)',
'alias'=>'new_rank',
'type'=>'RIGHT',
'conditions' => array(
'tasks.rank'=>'new_rank'
)
)
)
));
Which products the following SQL:
SELECT "Task"."new_rank" AS "Task__new_rank"
FROM "tasks" AS "Task"
RIGHT JOIN generate_series("1,999") AS "new_rank" ON ("tasks"."rank" = 'new_rank')
WHERE "Task"."rank" IS NULL LIMIT 1
What you're probably looking for is in DboSource::expression(). It basically allows you to do a SQL expression without any of Cake's escaping. Make sure to sanitize inputs.
To have it show up as a field, you can try adding it to the fields key in your options array:
$ds = $this->Task->getDataSource();
$this->Task->find('all', array(
'fields' => $ds->expression('generate_series(1,999) AS new_rank')
));
If that doesn't work, you can always try DboSource::rawQuery() which doesn't escape anything, afaik.
Related
Background:
Mediawiki's PHP framework provides functions for creating SQL statements to be executed against the application. Creating a simple SELECT FROM WHERE statement is easy and well documented, but I'm trying to create a JOIN statement and I don't understand the documentation. The examples are fragmented and disjointed.
Current attempt:
The SQL I'm trying to recreate is as follows. Using phpmyadmin I've tested this code and it returns the results I need:
SELECT user.user_id, user.user_name, user.user_real_name, user.user_email
FROM user
LEFT JOIN ipblocks ON user.user_id = ipblocks.ipb_user
WHERE ipblocks.ipb_id IS NULL
Translating this into Mediawiki's framework looks something like this, but this code doesn't work. The function documentation is here.
$result = $this->dbr->select(
array( $this->dbr->tableName( 'user' )),
array( 'user_name', 'user_id', 'user_email' ),
array( 'ipb_id' => 'NULL'),
__METHOD__,
array( 'GROUP_BY' => 'user_id DSC' ),
array( 'ipblocks' => array( 'LEFT JOIN', 'user_id=ipb_user' ) )
);
The SQL generated by this code can be checked by calling selectSQLText() instead. This function returns the generated SQL rather than executing it. The calling convention is the same. THis results in the following SQL:
SELECT user_name,user_id,user_email
FROM `user`
WHERE ipb_id = 'NULL'
I can see why the function has returned this, but I don't understand why the last two parameters have been ignored. The GROUP_BY and JOIN parts have been ignored. Why is this and how do I correct the code?
Thanks.
I'm not an user of Mediawiki, I've just glossed over the function documentation. As for grouping, I believe you should use GROUP BY array key, not GROUP_BY. As for joins, I think you must include ipblocks table in $table parameter in order to use it in $join_conds.
So, try this:
$result = $this->dbr->select(
array( 'user', 'ipblocks' ),
array( 'user_name', 'user_id', 'user_email' ),
array( 'ipb_id' => null),
__METHOD__,
array( 'GROUP BY' => 'user_id DSC' ),
array( 'ipblocks' => array( 'LEFT JOIN', 'user_id=ipb_user' ) )
);
I'm using CakePHP and trying to retrieve FOUND_ROWS() for a query that runs several times in a loop (each time with a different WHERE section). The strangest thing is happening: it returns the correct result for the first query - and then the same exact result for subsequent queries.
This is the code:
$article = new Article();
$query = $db->buildStatement(
array(
'table' => $db->fullTableName($article)
, 'alias' => 'Article'
, 'order' => '`Article`.`publish_date` desc'
, 'offset' => $startIndex
, 'joins' => array(
array(
'table' => 'articles_categories',
'alias' => 'ArticlesCategories',
'type' => 'inner',
'conditions' => array(
'ArticlesCategories.article_id = Article.id',
),
)
)
, 'limit' => $this->maxNumArticlesToLoadPerPage
, 'conditions' => "ArticlesCategories.category_id = $categoryId and publish_date <= now()"
, 'fields' => array('Article.id', 'Article.name', 'Article.search_engine_teaser', 'Article.image_file_name', 'Article.content_modified', 'ArticlesCategories.category_id')),
$article
);
$query = str_replace('SELECT', 'SELECT SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS', $query);
$articles = $article->query($query);
// also return how many total articles are in this category
$numArticlesInCategory = $article->query('select found_rows()')[0][0]['found_rows()'];
Now, where real curiosity here is that I used ET GLOBAL general_log = 'ON' in the mysql database to track down what's going on, and it appears that the first query is indeed run several times in a loop, but the query select found_rows() is only run once!
I also tried to run select SQL_NO_CACHE found_rows(), but that didn't help.
Has anyone encountered this?
Check your models $cacheQueries property setting, it might be true, causing the query to be cached on the CakePHP side. Use the second query() parameter to disable caching per query:
query('sql', false)
Btw., ArticlesCategories.category_id = $categoryId looks like a possible SQL injection vulnerability, you should never insert data in queries that way, always use the key => value syntax for conditions, or use prepared statements!
Also model classes shouldn't be instantiated directly, instead ClassRegistry::init() should be used.
See also
Cookbook > Models > Retrieving Your Data > Model::query()
Cookbook > Models > Model Attributes > cacheQueries
I have a standard find query on my user model that looks as followed:
$user = $this->User->find( 'all', array( 'conditions' => array( 'User.id' => $user_id ) ) );
I also have some extensions I would like to make to the where clause of this function call like so:
$query_extension = 'AND users.id IN ( complex join between a few tables )';
I want to add this complex WHERE clause on to the end of that user find condition, but I'm not sure how to do this. I'm looking into the ConnectionManager class, but I'm still not sure how to append this extra clause:
http://api.cakephp.org/2.5/class-ConnectionManager.html#_getDataSource
Check sample code I used, you can also set dynamic content like joins Will have array What you built Or
will have blank array.
$courseNames = $this->UsersCourse->Course->find('list',
array('fields'=> array('Course.course_name'),
'order'=> array('Course.course_name'),
'conditions'=>array('Course.is_active'=>1 ,
'CourseCategory.is_active'=>1
),
"joins" => array(
array(
"table" => "course_categories",
"alias" => "CourseCategory",
"type" => "INNER",
"conditions" => array(
"CourseCategory.id = Course.course_category_id"
)
)
)
)
);
This is how this operation can be preformed. Notice that the clause being added to the main query includes an AND This means that it is actually part of the where clause and can be added as a string to a find as followed.
// Note here that including the $complex_subselect_string as an un-keyed term in the conditions automatically ANDs this extra query clause
$complete_user_list = $this->find( 'all', array( 'conditions' => array( $complex_subselect_string ), 'limit' => $limit, 'contain' => array() ) );
I've been quite some time trying to use the Containable Behavior in CakePHP but I can't get to make it work as I expected.
My application is different, but to simplify I'll put this example. Let's say I have a forum with threads and activities, and the activities can be rated. The general relations would be:
Forum: hasMany [Thread]
Thread: belongsTo [Forum], hasMany [Activity]
Activity: belongsTo [Thread], hasMany [Rating]
Rating: belongsTo [Activity]
What I want to achieve is, using the find method, get all the ratings performed on a certain forum. What I suppose should be done is the following:
$this->Rating->find('count', array(
'contain' => array(
'Activity' => array(
'Thread'
)
),
'conditions' => array(
'Thread.forum_id' => 1
)
));
But the result query is:
SELECT COUNT(*) AS `count` FROM `ratings` AS `Rating` LEFT JOIN `activities` AS `Activity` ON (`Rating`.`activity_id` = `Activity`.`id`) WHERE `Thread`.`forum_id` = 1;
I've accomplished this using the 'joins' option, but it's more complex and I have to use this kinda action in many situations.
All the files related with the example can be found here: http://dl.dropbox.com/u/3285746/StackOverflow-ContainableBehavior.rar
Thanks
Update 23/11/2011
After investigating the framework and thanks to the answers of Moz Morris and api55 I found the source of the problem.
The basic problem was that, as I understood CakePHP, I thought it was querying using joins each time. The thing it that it doesn't do that, the real operation it would perform to obtain the result I was looking for would be something like this:
SELECT * FROM Rating JOIN Activity...
SELECT * FROM Activity JOIN Thread...
SELECT * FROM Activity JOIN Thread...
...
Meaning that it would do a query to get all the activities and then, for each activity, perform a query to get the Threads... My approach was failing not because of the Containable Behaviour being used wrong, but because the 'conditions' option was applied to all queries and, on the first one, it crashed because of the absence of the Thread table. After finding this out, there are two possible solutions:
As api55 said, using the conditions inside the 'contain' array it would apply them only to the queries using the Thread table. But doing this the problem persists, because we have way too many queries.
As Moz Morris said, binding the Thread model to Rating would also work, and it would perform a single query, which is what we want. The problem is that I see that as a patch that skips the relations betweem models and doesn't follow CakePHP philosophy.
I marked api55 solution as the correct because It solves the concrete problem I had, but both give a solution to the problem.
First of all, have you put the actAs containable variable in the appModel?? without it this beahaviour won't work at all (i see it is not working correctly since it didn't join with Thread table)
I would do it from the top, i mean from forum, so you choose your forum (im not sure you want forum or thread) and get all its rating, if theres no rating you will end up with the rating key empty.
something like this
appModel
public $actsAs = array('Containable');
rating controller
$this->Rating->Activity->Thread->Forum->find('count', array(
'contain' => array(
'Thread' => array(
'Activity' => array(
'Rating' => array (
'fields' => array ( 'Rating.*' )
)
)
)
),
'conditions' => array(
'Forum.id' => 1
)
));
Then if you need only a value in rating table just use Set:extract to get an array of this value.
As you did it IT SHOULD work anyways but i sugest not to use forum_id there, but in conditions inside contain like this
'contain' => array(
'Activity' => array(
'Thread' => array(
'conditions' => array('Thread.forum_id' => 1)
)
)
),
Also, never forget the actsAs variable in the model using the containable behaviuor (or in app model)
Whist I like api55's solution, I think the results are a little messy - depends on what you intend to do with the data I guess.
I assume that when you said using the 'joins' method you were talking about using this method:
$this->Rating->bindModel(array(
'belongsTo' => array(
'Thread' => array(
'foreignKey' => false,
'conditions' => 'Thread.id = Activity.thread_id',
),
'Forum' => array(
'foreignKey' => false,
'conditions' => 'Forum.id = Thread.forum_id'
)
)
));
$ratings = $this->Rating->find('all', array(
'conditions' => array(
'Forum.id' => 1 // insert forum id here
)
));
This just seems a little cleaner to me, and you don't have to worry about using the containable behaviour in your AppModel. Worth considering.
Tables
restaurants
cuisines
cuisines_restaurants
Both restaurant and cuisine model are set up to HABTM each other.
I'm trying to get a paginated list of restaurants where Cuisine.name = 'italian' (example), but keep getting this error:
1054: Unknown column 'Cuisine.name' in 'where clause'
Actual query it's building:
SELECT `Restaurant`.`id`, `Restaurant`.`type` .....
`Restaurant`.`modified`, `Restaurant`.`user_id`, `User`.`display_name`,
`User`.`username`, `User`.`id`, `City`.`id`,`City`.`lat` .....
FROM `restaurants` AS `Restaurant` LEFT JOIN `users` AS `User` ON
(`Restaurant`.`user_id` = `User`.`id`) LEFT JOIN `cities` AS `City` ON
(`Restaurant`.`city_id` = `City`.`id`) WHERE `Cuisine`.`name` = 'italian'
LIMIT 10
The "....." parts are just additional fields I removed to shorten the query to show you.
I'm no CakePHP pro, so hopefully there's some glaring error. I'm calling the paginate like this:
$this->paginate = array(
'conditions' => $opts,
'limit' => 10,
);
$data = $this->paginate('Restaurant');
$this->set('data', $data);
$opts is an array of options, one of which is 'Cuisine.name' => 'italian'
I also tried setting $this->Restaurant->recursive = 2; but that didn't seem to do anything (and I assume I shouldn't have to do that?)
Any help or direction is greatly appreciated.
EDIT
models/cuisine.php
var $hasAndBelongsToMany = array('Restaurant');
models/restaurant.php
var $hasAndBelongsToMany = array(
'Cuisine' => array(
'order' => 'Cuisine.name ASC'
),
'Feature' => array(
'order' => 'Feature.name ASC'
),
'Event' => array(
'order' => 'Event.start_date ASC'
)
);
As explained in this blogpost by me you have to put the condition of the related model in the contain option of your pagination array.
So something like this should work
# in your restaurant_controller.php
var $paginate = array(
'contain' => array(
'Cuisine' => array(
'conditions' => array('Cuisine.name' => 'italian')
)
),
'limit' => 10
);
# then, in your method (ie. index.php)
$this->set('restaurants', $this->paginate('Restaurant'));
This fails because Cake is actually using 2 different queries to generate your result set. As you've noticed, the first query doesn't even contain a reference to Cuisine.
As #vindia explained here, using the Containable behavior will usually fix this problem, but it doesn't work with Paginate.
Basically, you need a way to force Cake to look at Cuisine during the first query. This is not the way the framework usually does things, so it does, unfortunately, require constructing the join manually
. paginate takes the same options as Model->find('all'). Here, we need to use the joins option.
var $joins = array(
array(
'table' => '(SELECT cuisines.id, cuisines.name, cuisines_restaurants.restaurant_id
FROM cuisines_restaurants
JOIN cuisines ON cuisines_restaurants.cuisines_id = cuisines.id)',
'alias' => 'Cuisine',
'conditions' => array(
'Cuisine.restaurant_id = Restaurant.id',
'Cuisine.name = "italian"'
)
)
);
$this->paginate = array(
'conditions' => $opts,
'limit' => 10,
'joins' => $joins
);
This solution is a lot clunkier than the others, but has the advantage of working.
a few ideas on the top of my mind:
have you checked the model to see if the HABTM is well declared?
try using the containable behavior
in none of those work.. then you could always construct the joins for the paginator manually
good luck!
Cuisine must be a table (or alias) on the FROM clausule of your SELECT.
so the error:
1054: Unknown column 'Cuisine.name' in 'where clause'
Is just because it isn't referenced on the FROM clausule
If you remove the Feature and Event part of your HABTM link in the Restaurant model, does it work then?
Sounds to me like you've failed to define the right primary and foreing keys for the Cuisine model, as the HABTM model is not even including the Cuisine tabel in the query you posted here.