I am having a problem learning how proper website structure should be. And by that I mean how to code the pages and how folder structure should be.
Currently I am navigating around my website using GET variables in PHP when you want go to another page, so I am always loading the index.php file. And I would load the page I wanted like so:
$page = "error";
if(isset($_GET["page"]) AND file_exists("pages/".$_GET["page"].".php")) {
$page = $_GET["page"];
} elseif(!isset($_GET["page"])) {
$page = "home";
}
And this:
<div id="page">
<?php
include("pages/".$page.".php");
?>
</div>
The reason I am doing this is because it makes making new pages a lot easier as I don't have to link style sheets and javascript in every file like so:
<head>
<title>
Website Name
</title>
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:300,400' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css" type="text/css">
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.png"/>
<script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.0/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.10.4/jquery-ui.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
</head>
There is a lot of problems doing it this way as URLs don't look normal ("?page=apanel/app") if I am trying to access a page from inside a folder inside the pages folder to prevent clutter.
Obviously this is not the only way to go about it and I can't find the proper way to do it because I'm sure websites don't link style sheets in every file as that would be very bad if you changed a file name or needed to add another file you would have to change it in every file.
If anyone could tell me how it is actually done or point me towards a tutorial that would be great.
Thanks for your time :)
I think this is a good starting point for you, you could look into how MVCs (Model/View/Controller) like Zend/CodeIgnitor/CakePHP/Symphony etc handle views and templates (I don't really have much experience with these so I can't say how they do it).
Regarding URL's you can use Apache's RewriteRule to clean them up, so you could redirect www.yoursite.com/abc to www.yoursite.com/index.php?page=abc, and your example about folders you could have a URL www.yoursite.com/somefolder/somepage redirect to www.yoursite.com/index.php?page=somefolder/somepage, or www.yoursite.com/index.php?page=somepage&folder=somefolder.
Where I work we use a custom MVC, in which we have a global header and footer file, containing all CSS/JS file links, and any HTML that will be on every page, and then we include separate files for individual pages, but rather that including PHP file, we include Smarty files to template our HTML.
Related
<link href="/app/app.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
The above is the code I'm using to access a stylesheet, but it's not working at the .
Some extra details:
This is in a .php file, but it's located within the head of an html section
I'm working on a temporary url (i.e. 'my.ipa.dd.res/mydomain.com/dir/'). This might be the reason it's not working.
Edit:
It's a stylesheet I'd like to use on several pages, which is why I'm trying to point to a root directory (so that I don't need the file in every single folder I create).
Well I think you need to store your root directory path as a string to include your css file with an absolute URL.
Something like :
<link href="{$absoluteRootPath}/css/styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
If you remove the leading slash it will look for the css file in the folder relative to the current.
<link href="app/app.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
Edit: to reuse in multiple scripts in different dirs you would need to specify an absolute path, so to avoid having to change it in multiple places when you go live (ie stop using the temporary url) you should define a variable.
<?php
// set absolute path to the stylesheet
$cssPath = 'http://my.ipa.dd.res/mydomain.com/dir/';
?>
And
<link href="<?php echo $cssPath; ?>app/app.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
Depending on your php architecture you may need to define $cssPath as a global or you may be able to add it to an existing config variable. This is completely dependent on your framework.
I've been having this same problem recently. Here's what worked for me
Now on the index page, replace link rel="/app/app.css" href="stylesheet" type="text/css"
with
?php include 'style.php' ?
And on the style.php page insert the following tags:
style and /style
You can put the regular CSS between those two tags. See if that works. BTW for some reason I can't insert the greater or less than symbols without making the code disappear... Forgive me, I'm new here..
I'm building a site that allows users to make games within it. I wanted to know if the in the main .html file, could I have a set file that has all the scripts and stylesheets and then link that file in my main .html file? It's kind of like:
index.html
<head>
<link rel="???package???" href="package.php">
<title>Make a Game!</title>
</head>
package.php
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="standard.css">
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.8.3/jquery.min.js"></script>
... etc ...
</head>
My main reason for doing it in PHP is so I can control if the current developer is premium or not and if they are, give them a couple more libraries to work with.
looks like you just want to include one file in another so :
include 'package.php';
is all you need, remove the <head> </head> as you don't want them twice
You can use ajax you have to read that file with AJAX and set the output of ajax wherever you want in your html.
But for that you have to echo your whole php file.
I'm using a MVC model and I can invoke webpages with URLs like http://mywebsite.com/product/productid.html. My folder structure is the following:
views - the views folder
js - the javascript and jquery folder
css - the stylesheets folder
images - the images folder
In views folder are contained web pages used to show data to the users. They can include scripts, images and stylesheets. The following snippet is incorrect
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css" media="all" type='text/css' />
since the webpage is called with the URL above, and css can't be found with a relative path. To solve the problem, I have defined a DOMAIN variable in PHP and changed the code into
<link rel="stylesheet" href="<?php echo DOMAIN;?>css/style.css" media="all" type='text/css' />
This works, but forces me to add the <?php echo DOMAIN;?> snippet to each href and src attribute on each page. Is it possible to automate it? I've tought to use the :before selector but I don't have idea how to use it in this case.
Any ideas? Thanks in advance.
:before only applies to CSS, so that's not of use here.
There's really no way to do automatically add it in PHP that wouldn't be cpu-intensive, and/or require a significantly more complex setup than it sounds like you have right now. Using find-and-replace in your code editor is the best option.
Using <?= DOMAIN; ?> instead would be shorter, BTW. (See this question for more info)
For some reason my CSS is only working when inline. I'm somewhat new to web design and not really sure about how to track down why this is occurring. It's not like I can open the console to check for errors, so what kinds of things should I look for? I'm sorry I'm not being more specific, I'm just really not even sure what to do.
Say the url is "www.example.com/testing/3"
The page testing.php would load, call API.php and determine what to do when on page testing.php with vale 3. API.php would then call a function on testing.php to deal with whatever that function tells it to do. So basically it calls out, determines which function to handle the URL, then calls back in.
When I include the CSS in the head of testing.php it works. When I just have a link, it doesn't. All of the files are in the same folder and I'm developing on localhost, no files are admin-restricted: I'm the admin anyway so permission isn't an issue.
//test.css
P.special {
color:green;
border:solid red;
margin-top:85px;
}
Head of testing.php
<link a href="test.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
A function on testing.php
function view_event($event_id){
?>
<p class ="special">
//stuff here
</p>
<?
}
<link a href="test.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
would need to be changed to:
<link a href="/test.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
Using relative URLs will not work when you traverse into other directories. Setting it to an absolute URL with / will allow it to work anywhere on site.
You can check the generated page source in your browser and make sure the CSS link is valid and loads the intended CSS file.
Web Developer Tools built into your browser (or as plugins) are very helpful in debugging html, css and js. Get to know them well.
<?php
// This is index.php
ob_start();
include 'tem/u.html';
ob_end_flush();
?>
<html>
<!-- This is u.html -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" media="screen" />
<body>
<p> abc </p>
</body>
</html>
Now my problem is when i run h.html -> Ok with style.
But when i run index.php -> Ok without style (because now the index.php include style.css, not tem/style.css)
Need a fix
If possible, refer to a domain relative path to the style.css, for example
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/style.css" media="screen" />
If that is not possible, you need to keep track on the page base in some way, which I cannot tell because I do not know enough about your application. But anyway, like
<link rel="stylesheet" href="<?php echo $pageBase; ?>/style.css" media="screen" />
where $pageBase is a variable containing the url to the root of your application.
I'm assuming that the tem directory is supposed to be for some sort of template, and so you don't want it to be directly exposed to the user; rather, you want to be able to include the files so that they're accessible via index.php, possibly with the option of later changing what files are included.
You could create another PHP file called style.php (in the root directory) which would include tem/style.css. You could do this for any other files that your templates used as well — the idea being that each PHP file in the root directory would correspond to a "role" in the template, not a particular template file, so that the template could later be changed without everything needing to be rewritten.
This might get a bit cumbersome if you had a lot of files required by your template, so it might be better to have a single script that could be instructed which file to load (through a $_GET variable). But in that case, you need to be very careful not to allow the user to specify arbitrary files. I'd suggest avoiding this approach until you're more proficient in PHP.
EDIT: On second thought, I'd suggest using a <base> tag in your template HTML file, as suggested in my comment on #gnud's answer.
This has nothing to do with PHP or include. This has to do with your browser, and how URLs are interpreted.
When your browser is pointed at http://xyz.abc/tem/h.html and asked to load "style.css", it tries to load http://xyz.abc/tem/style.css - this is known as a relative url, relative to the current document location.
When your browser is at http://xyz.abc/index.php and is asked to load the stylesheet in the same way, it tries http://xyz.abc/style.css. Maybe you see the problem?
As for a solution, you might use a domain-relative path for the stylesheet ("/tem/style.css").
just always use absolute path to your css file
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/tem/style.css" media="screen" />
that's all