Symfony3 Authorization Process - php

Question

I'm starting with Symfony 3, and I need some guidance about how to proceed with the process of implementing dynamic authorization and authentication.
First of all, the authentication bit is mostly done, I've done it according to this link from symfony docs: http://symfony.com/doc/current/security/entity_provider.html. What I'm yet to understand is how to implement the interface function getRoles() in order to return a value from the database (I have a table Role related to the User table).
Secondly, the authorization part. My application will require the end user to create his own access mechanism, in other words, I have an interface where the user creates a Role, then defines what pages that Role will be able to access and what privileges it'll have (create, read, update, delete, and so on). Afterwards the roles are attributed to the application users.
All in all it is pretty standard stuff so Symfony must have a clean way to do it. What I figured out so far is that I'll have to use ACLs, so I did as in the docs: http://symfony.com/doc/current/security/acl.html
My honest question here is: What now? What steps do I take to fully implement the authentication mechanism? What should I do now in order to persist and retrieve the access rules? How do I relate them with the user Roles?
P.S.: This question might be sort of a duplicate of some other questions here, but truth being told, those questions did not help me either, nor my scavenging in the docs did.

Answer 1

So, your question is very broad. Anyway it is a good question, so I'm going to try to reply.
THE AUTHENTICATION
Nothing to say here, I simply hope you used FOSUserBundle as suggested by the article itself: is the best way to implement a registration/login system in Symfony and it will give you an idea of how the entire process works. Starting from scratch if you are not a Symfony experienced developer seems to not be the best idea.
Give FOSUserBundle a try!
THE AUTHORIZATION PROCESS
About authorization you have basically two options: the use of Voters and the use of ACL.
In my experience the best option is ever the use of Voters.
In most cases, in fact, you will have a bidirectional reference (see Doctrine's documentation about this) in your entities between the User and the object on which (s)he have rights. In this case the ACL is not required and even discouraged.
In fact, the ACL does nothing more than creating a relationship between two objects (the User and the Article in your use case). To manage this relationship it uses a table in the database and so it has to query it to get the relationship and check for the authorization rights.
But if you already have a bidirectional reference between the User and the Article/Group directly in your entities, then you already have this relationship in place and so you can use Voters and the use of the ACL is superfluous and even, as said, discouraged as it is a useless duplication.
If you don't have this bidirectional relationship in your entities, then create it: it will be certainly useful in the future for other things and, anyway, you will have ever the ability to access your linked entities directly from your entities tree!
More, in your scenario, you cannot use ACL as you will have custom rights/privileges on your objects: the voters, again, are the best option to build this kind of things.
Don't use ACL, but Voters instead
HOW TO PROCEED
The first thing I would do, is to list in an interface all the available privileges: after all, they are strictly related to your application business logic, as it is not possible for a user to make someone able to do something that your app cannot do: if your application doesn't implement an editing flow, then it is not possible for a user to give someone the ability to edit an article. It's obvious.
So, something like this may be good:
interface PrivilegesEnum
{
const CREATE = 1;
const EDIT = 2;
const DELETE = 4;
const READ = 8;
const OTHER = 16;
// ... Other privileges
}
As you can see, I've given a numeric value to each privilege: this will give you the ability to use bitmasks that is a really powerful mechanism to manage this kind of things: it allows you to use only one field in the database to list all the privileges.
You can read more about bitmasks here:
https://www.google.it/search?q=bitmask+php+example
How to implement a bitmask in php?
Why should I use bitwise/bitmask in PHP?
http://alanhollis.com/a-quick-guide-to-using-bitmasks-for-permissions-in-php/
https://codereview.stackexchange.com/questions/1509/php-bitmask-class
https://www.google.it/search?q=php+bitmask+theory
How to implement a bitmask in php?
http://php.net/manual/en/language.operators.bitwise.php
http://php.net/manual/it/language.operators.bitwise.php
https://code.tutsplus.com/articles/understanding-bitwise-operators--active-11301
https://code.tutsplus.com/articles/number-systems-an-introduction-to-binary-hexadecimal-and-more--active-10848
I used this system in the past and those are some useful links I collected. They might help you!
BUILD A FORM TO LIST PRIVILEGES
Another thing you may find useful is a FormType to list your available privileges: you can do this writing a simple custom FormType.
HOW TO MANAGE ROLES
To manage roles read how Roles are managed by the Security Component and in FOSUserBundle (on Stackoverflow)
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN USERS AND GROUPS AND ARTICLES
Once you reached this point you should have some more entities, read more about Doctrine relationship mechanisms knowing it better and you should be able to relate your users with their role, their group and the articles.
Anyway you will have all the required conceptual and practical tools needed to think better at your concrete implementation.
FINAL NOTE
As you can see, implement such type how authorization process isn't so simple.
I suggest you to think very carefully if it is really required in this stage of the development of your app, because if you can defer it in the future, then I suggest you to do it.
If you want to go online as fast as possible, implementing this system will require a lot of time to learn, implement, debug and refact the code (I'm speaking of weeks, not days!).
So, if you have all this time, then, go to implement this system. But if you feel you haven't all this time, then go with a more "static" system, go online, and then make it more "dynamic".
After all, this is the Lean Startup era!
Good luck!