I am trying to do something similar to hangman where when you guess a letter, it replaces an underscore with what the letter is. I have come up with a way, but it seems very inefficient and I am wondering if there is a better way. Here is what I have -
<?
$word = 'ball';
$lettersGuessed = array('b','a');
echo str_replace( $lettersGuessed , '_' , $word ); // __ll
echo '<br>';
$wordArray = str_split ( $word );
foreach ( $wordArray as $letterCheck )
{
if ( in_array( $letterCheck, $lettersGuessed ) )
{
$finalWord .= $letterCheck;
} else {
$finalWord .= '_';
}
}
echo $finalWord; // ba__
?>
str_replace does the opposite of what I want. I want what the value of $finalWord is without having to go through a loop to get the result I desire.
If I am following you right you want to do the opposite of the first line:
echo str_replace( $lettersGuessed , '_' , $word ); // __ll
Why not create an array of $opposite = range('a', 'z'); and then use array_diff () against $lettersGuessed, which will give you an array of unguessed letters. It would certainly save a few lines of code. Such as:
$all_letters = range('a', 'z');
$unguessed = array_diff ($all_letters, $lettersGuessed);
echo str_replace( $unguessed , '_' , $word ); // ba__
It's an array, foreach is what you're suppose to be doing, it's lightning fast anyways, I think you are obsessing over something that's not even a problem.
You want to use an array becuase you can easily tell which indexes in the array are the ones that contain the letter, which directly correlates to which place in the string the _ should become a letter.
Your foreach loop is a fine way to do it. It won't be slow because your words will never be huge.
You can also create a regex pattern with the guessed letters to replace everything except those letters. Like this:
$word = 'ball';
$lettersGuessed = array('b','a');
$pattern = '/[^' . implode('', $lettersGuessed) . ']/'; // results in '/[^ba]/
$maskedWord = preg_replace($pattern, '_', $word);
echo $maskedWord;
Another way would be to access the string as an array, e.g.
$word = 'ball';
$length = strlen($word);
$mask = str_pad('', $length, '_');
$guessed = 'l';
for($i = 0; $i < $length; $i++) {
if($word[$i] === $guessed) {
$mask[$i] = $guessed;
}
}
echo $mask; // __ll
Related
I have a search String: $str (Something like "test"), a wrap string: $wrap (Something like "|") and a text string: $text (Something like "This is a test Text").
$str is 1 Time in $text. What i want now is a function that will wrap $str with the wrap defined in $wrap and output the modified text (even if $str is more than one time in $text).
But it shall not output the whole text but just 1-2 of the words before $str and then 1-2 of the words after $str and "..." (Only if it isn`t the first or last word). Also it should be case insensitive.
Example:
$str = "Text"
$wrap = "<span>|</span>"
$text = "This is a really long Text where the word Text appears about 3 times Text"
Output would be:
"...long <span>Text</span> where...word <span>Text</span> appears...times <span>Text</span>"
My Code (Obviusly doesnt works):
$tempar = preg_split("/$str/i", $text);
if (count($tempar) <= 2) {
$result = "... ".substr($tempar[0], -7).$wrap.substr($tempar[1], 7)." ...";
} else {
$amount = substr_count($text, $str);
for ($i = 0; $i < $amount; $i++) {
$result = $result.".. ".substr($tempar[$i], -7).$wrap.substr($tempar[$i+1], 0, 7)." ..";
}
}
If you have a tipp or a solution dont hesitate to let me know.
I have taken your approach and made it more flexible. If $str or $wrap changes you could have escaping issues within the regex pattern so I have used preg_quote.
Note that I added $placeholder to make it clearer, but you can use $placeholder = "|" if you don't like [placeholder].
function wrapInString($str, $text, $element = 'span') {
$placeholder = "[placeholder]"; // The string that will be replaced by $str
$wrap = "<{$element}>{$placeholder}</{$element}>"; // Dynamic string that can handle more than just span
$strExp = preg_quote($str, '/');
$matches = [];
$matchCount = preg_match_all("/(\w+\s+)?(\w+\s+)?({$strExp})(\s+\w+)?(\s+\w+)?/i", $text, $matches);
$response = '';
for ($i = 0; $i < $matchCount; $i++) {
if (strlen($matches[1][$i])) {
$response .= '...';
}
if (strlen($matches[2][$i])) {
$response .= $matches[2][$i];
}
$response .= str_replace($placeholder, $matches[3][$i], $wrap);
if (strlen($matches[4][$i])) {
$response .= $matches[4][$i];
}
if (strlen($matches[5][$i]) && $i == $matchCount - 1) {
$response .= '...';
}
}
return $response;
}
$text = "text This is a really long Text where the word Text appears about 3 times Text";
string(107) "<span>text</span> This...long <span>text</span> where...<span>text</span> appears...times <span>text</span>"
To make the replacement case insensitive you can use the i regex option.
If I understand your question correct, just a little bit of implode and explode magic needed
$text = "This is a really long Text where the word Text appears about 3 times Text";
$arr = explode("Text", $text);
print_r(implode('<span>Text</span>', $arr));
If you specifically need to render the span tags using HTML, just write it that way
$arr = explode("Text", $text);
print_r(implode('<span>Text</span>', $arr));
Use patern below to get your word and 1-2 words before and after
/((\w+\s+){1,2}|^)text((\s+\w+){1,2}|$)/i
demo
In PHP code it can be:
$str = "Text";
$wrap = "<span>|</span>";
$text = "This is a really long Text where the word Text appears about 3 times Text";
$temp = str_replace('|', $str, $wrap); // <span>Text</span>
// find patern and 1-2 words before and after
// (to make it casesensitive, delete 'i' from patern)
if(preg_match_all('/((\w+\s+){1,2}|^)text((\s+\w+){1,2}|$)/i', $text, $match)) {
$res = array_map(function($x) use($str, $temp) { return '... '.str_replace($str, $temp, $x) . ' ...';}, $match[0]);
echo implode(' ', $res);
}
I have a list of English words and I want to find out which words have specific letters and those letters must be used once only. I'm using PHP.
So if the letters are 'abcde' then the words should be like 'cab', 'bed'... but not 'dad'. My current attempt is
if (preg_match("/([abcde]+)/i", $w))
echo $w, "\r\n";
But this just lists all the words contain one of those letters 'abcde'. So can anybody tell me how to do it?
To Identify if each $word contains only letters from the $letters string, without duplication
$letters = 'abcde';
$words = array(
'cab',
'bed',
'dad'
);
foreach($words as $word) {
$valid = testWord($word, $letters);
echo $word, ' => ', (($valid) ? 'Yes' : 'No'), PHP_EOL;
}
function testWord($word, $letters)
{
$kChars = array_intersect(
str_split($letters),
str_split($word)
);
return count($kChars) == strlen($word);
}
You can try with:
$letters = str_split('abcde');
$wordLetters = str_split($w);
if ( count(array_intersect($letters, $wordLetters)) == count($wordLetters) ) {
echo $w, "\r\n";
}
I would like to explode this kind of string in PHP:
$foo = "foo.txt da\ code.txt bar.txt";
And I want to explode it to have:
["foo.txt", "da\ code.txt", "bar.txt"]
I know I can use preg_split but I don't see what to put as regular expression.
Could someone help me?
You could match on a positive look behind for any space preceded by alpha characters.
<?php
$foo = "foo.txt da\ code.txt bar.txt";
print_r(preg_split("/(?<=[a-zA-Z])\s/", $foo));
You could also use a negative lookbehind for the general case
<?php
$foo = "foo.txt da\ code.txt bar.txt something.mp3 other# 9asdf";
print_r(preg_split('/(?<!\\\\)\s/', $foo));
Here's a funky, non-regex "parser". All kinds of fun. What was the world like before regular expressions? I mean, it must have been work. ;)
<?php
$foo = "foo.txt da\ code.txt bar.txt";
$foos = array();
$char = 0;
$index = 0;
$lookback = '';
while ($char < strlen($foo)) {
$lookback = $foo{$char-4} . $foo{$char-3} . $foo{$char-2} . $foo{$char-1} . $foo{$char};
if ($lookback == '.txt ') $index++;
$foos[$index] .= $foo{$char++};
}
print_r(array_map('trim', $foos));
?>
http://codepad.org/XMfLemeg
You could use preg_split() but it is slow so if escaped space is your only problem a lot faster would be to do it as simply as:
$array1 = explode(' ', $list);
$array2 = [];
$appendNext = false;
foreach($array1 as $elem)
{
if ($appendNext)
{
array_push($array2, array_pop($array2) . ' ' . $elem);
}
else
{
$array2[] = $elem;
}
$appendNext = (substr($elem, -1) === '\\');
}
var_dump($array2);
If you really want to do it via regex here is a working solution:
print_r(preg_split("/(?<!\\\)\s/", $foo));
http://codepad.org/ngbDaxA3
but it will be slower than above
i have some simple code that does a preg match:
$bad_words = array('dic', 'tit', 'fuc',); //for this example i replaced the bad words
for($i = 0; $i < sizeof($bad_words); $i++)
{
if(preg_match("/$bad_words[$i]/", $str, $matches))
{
$rep = str_pad('', strlen($bad_words[$i]), '*');
$str = str_replace($bad_words[$i], $rep, $str);
}
}
echo $str;
So, if $str was "dic" the result will be '*' and so on.
Now there is a small problem if $str == f.u.c. The solution might be to use:
$pattern = '~f(.*)u(.*)c(.*)~i';
$replacement = '***';
$foo = preg_replace($pattern, $replacement, $str);
In this case i will get ***, in any case. My issue is putting all this code together.
I've tried:
$pattern = '~f(.*)u(.*)c(.*)~i';
$replacement = 'fuc';
$fuc = preg_replace($pattern, $replacement, $str);
$bad_words = array('dic', 'tit', $fuc,);
for($i = 0; $i < sizeof($bad_words); $i++)
{
if(preg_match("/$bad_words[$i]/", $str, $matches))
{
$rep = str_pad('', strlen($bad_words[$i]), '*');
$str = str_replace($bad_words[$i], $rep, $str);
}
}
echo $str;
The idea is that $fuc becomes fuc then I place it in the array then the array does its jobs, but this doesn't seem to work.
First of all, you can do all of the bad word replacements with one (dynamically generated) regex, like this:
$bad_words = array('dic', 'tit', 'fuc',);
$str = preg_replace_callback("/\b(?:" . implode( '|', $bad_words) . ")\b/",
function( $match) {
return str_repeat( '*', strlen( $match[0]));
}, $str);
Now, you have the problem of people adding periods in between the word, which you can search for with another regex and replace them as well. However, you must keep in mind that . matches any character in a regex, and must be escaped (with preg_quote() or a backslash).
$bad_words = array_map( function( $el) {
return implode( '\.', str_split( $el));
}, $bad_words);
This will create a $bad_words array similar to:
array(
'd\.i\.c',
't\.i\.t',
'f\.u\.c'
)
Now, you can use this new $bad_words array just like the above one to replace these obfuscated ones.
Hint: You can make this array_map() call "better" in the sense that it can be smarter to catch more obfuscations. For example, if you wanted to catch a bad word separated with either a period or a whitespace character or a comma, you can do:
$bad_words = array_map( function( $el) {
return implode( '(?:\.|\s|,)', str_split( $el));
}, $bad_words);
Now if you make that obfuscation group optional, you'll catch a lot more bad words:
$bad_words = array_map( function( $el) {
return implode( '(?:\.|\s|,)?', str_split( $el));
}, $bad_words);
Now, bad words should match:
f.u.c
f,u.c
f u c
fu c
f.uc
And many more.
I am trying to test if a string made up of multiple words and has any values from an array at the end of it. The following is what I have so far. I am stuck on how to check if the string is longer than the array value being tested and that it is present at the end of the string.
$words = trim(preg_replace('/\s+/',' ', $string));
$words = explode(' ', $words);
$words = count($words);
if ($words > 2) {
// Check if $string ends with any of the following
$test_array = array();
$test_array[0] = 'Wizard';
$test_array[1] = 'Wizard?';
$test_array[2] = '/Wizard';
$test_array[4] = '/Wizard?';
// Stuck here
if ($string is longer than $test_array and $test_array is found at the end of the string) {
Do stuff;
}
}
By end of string do you mean the very last word? You could use preg_match
preg_match('~/?Wizard\??$~', $string, $matches);
echo "<pre>".print_r($matches, true)."</pre>";
I think you want something like this:
if (preg_match('/\/?Wizard\??$/', $string)) { // ...
If it has to be an arbitrary array (and not the one containing the 'wizard' strings you provided in your question), you could construct the regex dynamically:
$words = array('wizard', 'test');
foreach ($words as &$word) {
$word = preg_quote($word, '/');
}
$regex = '/(' . implode('|', $words) . ')$/';
if (preg_match($regex, $string)) { // ends with 'wizard' or 'test'
Is this what you want (no guarantee for correctness, couldn't test)?
foreach( $test_array as $testString ) {
$searchLength = strlen( $testString );
$sourceLength = strlen( $string );
if( $sourceLength <= $searchLength && substr( $string, $sourceLength - $searchLength ) == $testString ) {
// ...
}
}
I wonder if some regular expression wouldn't make more sense here.