Values in UTF-8 being encoded as NULL in JSON - php

Question

I have a set of keywords that are passed through via JSON from a DB (encoded UTF-8), some of which may have special characters like é, è, ç, etc. This is used as part of an auto-completer. Example:
array('Coffee', 'Cappuccino', 'Café');
I should add that the array as it comes from the DB would be:
array('Coffee', 'Cappuccino', 'Café');
But JSON encodes as:
["coffee", "cappuccino", null];
If I print these via print_r(), they show up fine on a UTF-8 encoded webpage, but café comes through as "café" if text/plain is used if I want to look at the array using print_r($array);exit();.
If I encode using utf8_encode() before encoding to JSON, it comes through fine, but what gets printed on the webpage is "café" and not "café".
Also strange, but json_last_error() is being seen as an undefined function, but json_decode() and json_encode() work fine.
Any ideas on how to get UTF-8 encoded data from the database to behave the same throughout the entire process?
EIDT: Here is the PHP function that grabs the keywords and makes them into a single array:
private function get_keywords()
{
global $db, $json;
$output = array();
$db->query("SELECT keywords FROM listings");
while ($r = $db->get_array())
{
$split = explode(",", $r['keywords']);
foreach ($split as $s)
{
$s = trim($s);
if ($s != "" && !in_array($s, $output)) $output[] = strtolower($s);
}
}
$json->echo_json($output);
}
The json::echo_json method just encodes, sets the header and prints it (for usage with Prototype)
EDIT: DB Connection method:
function connect()
{
if ($this->set['sql_connect'])
{
$this->connection = #mysql_connect( $this->set['sql_host'], $this->set['sql_user'], $this->set['sql_pass'])
OR $this->debug( "Connection Error", mysql_errno() .": ". mysql_error());
$this->db = #mysql_select_db( $this->set['sql_name'], $this->connection)
OR $this->debug( "Database Error", "Cannot Select Database '". $this->set['sql_name'] ."'");
$this->is_connected = TRUE;
}
return TRUE;
}
More Updates:
Simple PHP script I ran:
echo json_encode( array("Café") ); // ["Caf\u00e9"]
echo json_encode( array("Café") ); // null

Answer 1

The reason could be the current client character setting. A simple solution could be to do set the client with
mysql_query('SET CHARACTER SET utf8')
before running the SELECT query.
Update (June 2014)
The mysql extension is deprecated as of PHP 5.5.0. It is now recommended to use mysqli. Also, upon further reading - the above way of setting the client set should be avoided for reasons including security.
I haven't tested it, but this should be an ok substitute:
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "my_db");
if (!$mysqli->set_charset('utf8')) {
printf("Error loading character set utf8: %s\n", $mysqli->error);
} else {
printf("Current character set: %s\n", $mysqli->character_set_name());
}
or with the connection parameter :
$conn = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "my_db");
if (!mysqli_set_charset($conn, "utf8")) {
# TODO - Error: Unable to set the character set
exit;
}

Answer 2

json_encode seems to be dropping strings that contain invalid characters. It is likely that your UTF-8 data is not arriving in the proper form from your database.
Looking at the examples you give, my wild guess would be that your database connection is not UTF-8 encoded and serves ISO-8859-1 characters instead.
Can you try a SET NAMES utf8; after initializing the connection?

Answer 3

I tried your code sample like this
[~]> cat utf.php
<?php
$arr = array('Coffee', 'Cappuccino', 'Café');
print json_encode($arr);
[~]> php utf.php
["Coffee","Cappuccino","Caf\u00e9"]
[~]>
Based on that I would say that if the source data is really UTF-8, then json_encode works just fine. If its not, then thats where you get null. Why its not, I cannot tell based on this information.

Answer 4

Try sending your array through this function before doing json_encode():
<?php
function utf8json($inArray) {
static $depth = 0;
/* our return object */
$newArray = array();
/* safety recursion limit */
$depth ++;
if($depth >= '30') {
return false;
}
/* step through inArray */
foreach($inArray as $key=>$val) {
if(is_array($val)) {
/* recurse on array elements */
$newArray[$key] = utf8json($inArray);
} else {
/* encode string values */
$newArray[$key] = utf8_encode($val);
}
}
/* return utf8 encoded array */
return $newArray;
}
?>
Taken from comment on phpnet # http://php.net/manual/en/function.json-encode.php.
The function basically loops though array elements, perhaps you did your utf-8 encode on the array itself?

Answer 5

My solution to encode utf8 data was :
$jsonArray = addslashes(json_encode($array, JSON_FORCE_OBJECT|JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE))