PHP PDO: how to return integer - php

Question

I think it might be a flaw in my pdo fetching data method,
public function fetch_all($query, $params = array())
{
try
{
# prepare the query
$stmt = $this->connection->prepare($query);
# if $params is not an array, let's make it array with one value of former $params
if (!is_array($params)) $params = array($params);
# execute the query
$stmt->execute($params);
# return the result
return $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
}
catch (PDOException $e)
{
# call the get_error function
$this->get_error($e);
}
}
All the parameters that have been passed into this method will become strings, but I need integers for sql LIMIT query, such as below
$sql = "
SELECT *
FROM root_pages
ORDER BY root_pages.pg_created DESC
LIMIT ?,?";
items = $connection->fetch_all($sql,array('0','6'));
It returns this error,
2SQLSTATE[42000]: Syntax error or
access violation: 1064 You have an
error in your SQL syntax; check the
manual that corresponds to your MySQL
server version for the right syntax to
use near ''0','6'' at line 32
How can I fix it?
EDIT:
As suggested, I changed the code in my method to this below,
# fetch a multiple rows of result as a nested array ( = multi-dimensional array)
public function fetch_all($query, $params = array())
{
try
{
# prepare the query
$stmt = $this->connection->prepare($query);
# if $params is not an array, let's make it array with one value of former $params
//if (!is_array($params)) $params = array($params);
foreach($params as $k=>$p){
if(is_numeric($p)){
$stmt->bindParam($k+1, $p, PDO::PARAM_INT);
}
else{
$stmt->bindParam($k+1, $p, PDO::PARAM_STR);
}
}
$stmt->execute();
# execute the query
//$stmt->execute($params);
# return the result
return $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
}
catch (PDOException $e)
{
# call the get_error function
$this->get_error($e);
}
}
$items = $connection->fetch_all($sql,array(0,6));
then I get a different error,
2SQLSTATE[42000]: Syntax error or
access violation: 1064 You have an
error in your SQL syntax; check the
manual that corresponds to your MySQL
server version for the right syntax to
use near ''6'' at line 32
EDIT:
I just changed it to,
if(is_int($p)){..}
but still getting the same error... sigh...

Answer 1

you should pass your parameter with type PDO::PARAM_INT, like:
$sth->bindParam(':limit', $limit, PDO::PARAM_INT);

Answer 2

You can't do this via placeholders.
PDO always quotes params that aren't null, even when they're integers. Normally this isn't such a bad thing, but LIMIT clauses can not handle quoted integers.
You're going to need to fall back to good old fashioned concatenation. Because you know that these are going to be integers, you can treat them safely in your code by calling intval or casting them prior to concatenation.
$limit = intval($thing_that_provides_limit);
$offset = intval($thing_that_provides_offset);
$sql = "
SELECT *
FROM root_pages
ORDER BY root_pages.pg_created DESC
LIMIT {$offset}, {$limit}";

Answer 3

Try removing the quotes around the 0 and the 6:
$connection->fetch_all($sql,array(0,6));
This should make the query:
LIMIT 0,6
With quotes on the 0 and the 6, the query is:
LIMIT '0','6'
EDIT: Call bindParam before you call execute.
foreach($params as $k=>$p){
if(is_int($p)){
$stmt->bindParam($k+1, $p, PDO::PARAM_INT);
}
else{
$stmt->bindParam($k+1, $p, PDO::PARAM_STR);
}
}
$stmt->execute();
And then call fetch_all like so:
$connection->fetch_all($sql,array(0,6));

Answer 4

Try:
$items = $connection->fetch_all($sql,array(0,6));
Note the lack of quotes around the 0 and 6 - this makes PHP treat them as the integers they are, and not the strings you had.