Warning: mysqli_error() expects exactly 1 parameter, 0 given [duplicate] - php

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Warning: mysqli_error() expects exactly 1 parameter, 0 given error
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When trying to return a simple set of results from my database table 'checklist' I receive the following error;
"Warning: mysqli_error() expects exactly 1 parameter, 0 given"
The code of my list.php file is as follows;
<?php
require_once('/includes/connection.inc.php');
// create database connection
$conn = dbConnect('read');
$sql = 'SELECT * FROM checklist ORDER BY created DESC';
$result = $conn->query($sql) or die(mysqli_error());
?>
<?php while($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) { ?>
<?php echo $row['created']; ?>
<?php echo $row['title']; ?>
<?php } ?>
The contents of my connection.inc.php file (for reference) is as follows;
<?php
function dbConnect($usertype, $connectionType = 'mysqli') {
$db = 'projectmanager';
$host = 'localhost';
if ($usertype == 'read') {
$user = 'root';
$pwd = '';
} elseif ($usertype == 'write') {
$user = 'root';
$pwd = '';
} else {
exit('Unrecognized connection type');
}
// Connection goes here...
if ($connectionType == 'mysqli') {
return new mysqli($host, $user, $pwd, $db);
} elseif ($mysqli->connect_error) {
die('Connect Error: ' . $mysqli->connect_error);
}
}
?>
I've been trying to follow some examples out of a book PHP Solutions: Dynamic Web Design Made Easy found HERE ...but I already had an issue with the connection.inc.php file (snippet shown above) where I had to correct "or die ('Cannot open database');" and replace it with the IF based statement you see above for the mysqli_error. So I am wondering if this book is riddled with some basic, fundamental errors - at least that when presented to novices like me leave us baffled.
Any help guys?
Thank you

Answer 1

I think the problem you're having is because you're combining object-oriented and non-OO calls to the MySQLi library.
The mysqli_error() function does indeed require a parameter -- it requires the connection variable; in your case, $conn.
mysqli_error($conn)
Howwever, if you'd written it in an OO manner, as you have done for most of the rest of the database calls, you would have written it like this:
$conn->error
Since all the rest of your code is written using object-oriented calls, it would make sense to use it for this call as well.
So your full line of code would look like this:
$result = $conn->query($sql) or die($conn->error);
You can see further examples in the PHP manual: http://php.net/manual/en/mysqli.error.php
Hope that helps.
With regard your question about the book you're using: I can't comment directly on the book itself as I haven't read it. But note that there are two MySQL libraries for PHP; the older mysql library, and the newer mysqli library. The older library also has a mysql_error() function, which differs from the newer one in that it does not require a connection variable. If there is an error in the book you are using, this may be the source of the confusion.