After many hours of messing about and trying to set up what should be the relatively simple process of sending a payment to www.sandbox.paypal.com and being redirected back to a page on my site with a transaction id in the querystring, I have finally achieved it.
I am now receiving an error message 'FAIL Error 4003'.
Here is the code I am using. It is pretty much the same as the paypal example (all I have done is echo out the responses):
<?php
// read the post from PayPal system and add 'cmd'
$req = 'cmd=_notify-synch';
$tx_token = $_GET['tx'];
$auth_token = "ZdoN6q4GLiRniR2BbOzEEF22GJOWHpVOXRtP7fAhBpvwwm5GyWcTzO_sSSO";
$req .= "&tx=$tx_token&at=$auth_token";
// post back to PayPal system to validate
$header .= "POST /cgi-bin/webscr HTTP/1.0\r\n";
$header .= "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\r\n";
$header .= "Content-Length: " . strlen($req) . "\r\n\r\n";
$fp = fsockopen ('www.paypal.com', 80, $errno, $errstr, 30);
// If possible, securely post back to paypal using HTTPS
// Your PHP server will need to be SSL enabled
// $fp = fsockopen ('ssl://www.paypal.com', 443, $errno, $errstr, 30);
if (!$fp)
{
// HTTP ERROR
echo "HTTP Error";
}
else
{
fputs ($fp, $header . $req);
// read the body data
$res = '';
$headerdone = false;
while (!feof($fp))
{
$line = fgets ($fp, 1024);
if (strcmp($line, "\r\n") == 0) {
// read the header
$headerdone = true;
}
else if ($headerdone)
{
// header has been read. now read the contents
$res .= $line;
echo $line;
}
}
// parse the data
$lines = explode("\n", $res);
$keyarray = array();
if (strcmp ($lines[0], "SUCCESS") == 0)
{
for ($i=1; $i<count($lines);$i++)
{
list($key,$val) = explode("=", $lines[$i]);
$keyarray[urldecode($key)] = urldecode($val);
}
// check the payment_status is Completed
// check that txn_id has not been previously processed
// check that receiver_email is your Primary PayPal email
// check that payment_amount/payment_currency are correct
// process payment
$firstname = $keyarray['first_name'];
$lastname = $keyarray['last_name'];
$itemname = $keyarray['item_name'];
$amount = $keyarray['payment_gross'];
echo ("<p><h3>Thank you for your purchase!</h3></p>");
echo ("<b>Payment Details</b><br>\n");
echo ("<li>Name: $firstname $lastname</li>\n");
echo ("<li>Item: $itemname</li>\n");
echo ("<li>Amount: $amount</li>\n");
echo ("");
}
else if (strcmp ($lines[0], "FAIL") == 0) {
echo "Failure: " . $lines[0];
// log for manual investigation
}
}
fclose ($fp);
?>
<br />
Thank you for your payment. Your transaction has been completed, and a receipt for your purchase has been emailed to you. You may log into your account at www.sandbox.paypal.com/ie to view details of this transaction.
I have made sure to confirm the email addresses for both my sandbox merchant and buyer accounts and enabled PDT.
The client is redirected correctly back to my 'thank you' page with the following querystring paramaters - ?tx=4FU63684496248523&st=Pending&amt=29.90&cc=EUR&cm=&item_number=
Has anyone else encountered this error message? If so, what are the usual causes?
The problem was that I was sending my test http request to paypal.com rather than sandbox.paypal.com. The answer was in the FAQ left by Jukebox.
Check the script.When testing Payment Data Transfer (PDT) in the
Sandbox, make sure your PDT script POSTs back information to
www.sandbox.paypal.com. If testing on the Live PayPal site, make sure
the script POSTs data back to www.paypal.com. Currently, all sample
code on the Live and Sandbox sites "point" back to the live PayPal
site.
Hope it helps someone else get up and running quicker than I did. I am now onto my next issue which is the token being returned as empty rather than an error.. sigh..
Make sure your transaction ID is not expired. 4003 PDT error code also comes when your transaction ID is expired.
Here's what solved it for me...
In the Buy Now button, I had a business email address associated with my LIVE PayPal account whereas I need to use the business email address associated with my SANDBOX PayPal account as in:
<input type="hidden" name="business" value="user#host.com">
The value attribute needed to reflect the business email address associated with my sandbox account.
By the way, here's an alternate PHP cURL version of the above script that also does the trick of eliciting a response from PayPal's sandbox:
if (isset($_GET['tx'])) {
$tx = $_GET['tx'];
$identity_token = "INSERT_YOUR_IDENTITY_TOKEN_HERE";
//echo $tx;
$url = 'https://www.sandbox.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr';
$nvpString="cmd=_notify-synch".
"&tx=$tx".
"&at=$identity_token";
//echo $nvpString;
//define where the data is going to
$curl = curl_init($url);
//tell cURL to fail if an error occurs
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_FAILONERROR, 1);
//allow for redirects
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1);
//assign the returned data to a variable
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
//set the timeout
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 60);
//use POST
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
//set the POST data
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $nvpString);
//execute the transaction
$response = curl_exec($curl);
//show errors
curl_error($curl);
//close the connection
curl_close($curl);
echo '<pre>';
print_r($response);
echo '</pre>';
}//end if (isset($_GET['tx']))
The Identity Token of my test seller account changed without notification. Using the new (correct) Identity Token fixed the problem.
Some more information on Paypal’s PTD can be found here:
http://www.secure-ebook.com/help/payment:paypal:fail_4003
$tx=$_REQUEST['tx'];
$paypal_url='https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_notify-synch&tx='.$tx.'&at=token here';
$curl = curl_init($paypal_url);
$data = array(
"cmd" => "_notify-synch",
"tx" => $tx,
"at" => "token here"
);
$data_string = json_encode($data);
curl_setopt ($curl, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);
curl_setopt ($curl, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_setopt ($curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data_string);
curl_setopt ($curl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0);
curl_setopt ($curl, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
curl_setopt ($curl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 1);
$headers = array (
'Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
'Host: www.paypal.com',
'Connection: close'
);
curl_setopt ($curl, CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION, CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_1);
curl_setopt ($curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $headers);
$response = curl_exec($curl);
$lines = explode("\n", $response);
$keyarray = array();
if (strcmp ($lines[0], "SUCCESS") == 0) {
for ($i=1; $i<count($lines);$i++){
list($key,$val) = explode("=", $lines[$i]);
$keyarray[urldecode($key)] = urldecode($val);
}
$first_name=$keyarray['first_name'];
$last_name=$keyarray['last_name'];
$payment_status=$keyarray['payment_status'];
$business=$keyarray['business'];
$payer_email=$keyarray['payer_email'];
$payment_gross=$keyarray['payment_gross'];
$mc_currency=$keyarray['mc_currency'];
}
Related
When validating IPNs using cmd=_notify-validate, I am occasionally receiving a cryptic response code that is neither 'VERIFIED' nor 'INVALID', but instead appears to be binary and unintelligible. However, this behavior occurs unpredictably and the exact same call to notify-validate later will produce a valid response. This has been occurring intermittently for years and I've never been able to figure out where the issue is. Would it be something with PayPal, an error in my code, or something else I'm not considering?
Since this happens intermittently and the exact same request succeeds at a later time, I have worked around this by queuing and re-verifying any transactions that don't return a definitive response from PayPal. This is fine as a workaround but not really the optimal workflow especially as the number of transactions increases.
public static function Verify() {
$start = "url=members/ipn&";
$errno = $errstr = null;
$req = 'cmd=_notify-validate';
foreach($_REQUEST as $key => $value) {
if(!is_array($value)) {
$value = urlencode(stripslashes($value));
$req .= "&$key=$value";
}
}
$verified = false;
$fp = fsockopen("ssl://www.paypal.com", 443, $errno, $errstr, 30);
if(!$fp) {
Paypal::Log("ERROR", "Failed connecting to PayPal:$errstr ($errno)\n");
}
else {
if($errno || $errstr) {
Paypal::Log("ERROR", $errno.":".$errstr);
}
$header = "POST /cgi-bin/webscr HTTP/1.1\r\n";
$header .= "Host:".$host."\r\n";
$header .= "Connection: clost\r\n";
$header .= "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\r\n";
$header .= "Content-Length: ".strlen($req)."\r\n\r\n";
fputs($fp, $header.$req);
$header = true;
while(!feof($fp)) {
$res = trim(fgets($fp, 4096));
if(strlen($res) == 0) {
$header = false;
continue;
}
if($header) {
continue;
}
if(strcmp($res, "VERIFIED") == 0) {
$verified = true;
break;
}
else {
$verified = false;
break;
}
}
}
fclose($fp);
return $verified;
}
Most of the responses from this code return 'VERIFIED' in plain text (in $res var), but sometimes it fails and returns what appears to be binary characters. I can't even paste the response here because it's all non-text characters and is unintelligible.
Another thing to note is that fsockopen is working and it is not producing any errors. It's just that $res sometimes has unknown data in it.
-- UPDATE 1 --
As suggested, I switched the verification process over to using cURL and followed PayPal's recommended guidelines.
$ch = curl_init('https://ipnpb.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr');
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION, CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER,1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $req);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSLVERSION, 6);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 2);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CAINFO, __DIR__ . "/cert/cacert.pem");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FORBID_REUSE, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT, 30);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array(
'User-Agent: PHP-IPN-Verification-Script',
'Connection: Close',
));
if ( !($res = curl_exec($ch)) ) {
Paypal::Log("cURL Error:", curl_error($ch));
curl_close($ch);
exit;
}
curl_close($ch);
$info = curl_getinfo($ch);
$http_code = $info['http_code'];
if ($http_code != 200) {
Paypal::Log("HTTP Code:", $http_code);
}
Paypal::Log("Response", $res);
if(strcmp($res, "VERIFIED") == 0) {
$verified = true;
}
else {
$verified = false;
}
It's mostly working, however the intermittent problem is still occurring where once in a while a verification attempt returns a different response.
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
<html><head>
<title>400 Bad Request</title>
</head><body>
<h1>Bad Request</h1>
<p>Your browser sent a request that this server could not understand.<br />
</p>
</body></html>
When the exact same call is made to verify the transaction, it works. So I'm just not understanding why sometimes this 400 Bad Request error occurs. Any ideas?
show in your code how you are getting $req - the 400 error sounds like you are grabbing some garbage somewhere that was not intended (or maybe not sent) by PayPal.
I picked this up years (and years) ago and it has never failed.... - perhaps the 'issue' mentioned is what you are seeing.
// Read POST data
// reading posted data directly from $_POST causes serialization
// issues with array data in POST. Reading raw POST data from input stream instead.
$raw_post_data = file_get_contents('php://input');
$raw_post_array = explode('&', $raw_post_data);
$post = array();
foreach ($raw_post_array as $keyval) {
$keyval = explode('=', $keyval);
if (count($keyval) == 2)
$post[$keyval[0]] = urldecode($keyval[1]);
}
// read the post from PayPal system and add 'cmd'
$req = 'cmd=_notify-validate';
foreach ($post as $key => $value) {
$value = urlencode(addslashes($value));
$req .= "&$key=$value";
}
Hope this helps!
I am using paypal payment gateway (currently using sandbox), its working but some time on success auto return showing blank screen?? response url is pretty good, but some times after auto return its showing blank screen.
My code:
after success auto return redirect properly:
http://domainname/client/paypal/success?amt=9.24&cc=USD&item_name=Weight%20Loss%20Diet%20Program&st=Completed&tx=9CX31984H5808205U
after success auto return redirect properly but showing website blank screen:
http://domainname/client/paypal/success?amt=9.24&cc=USD&item_name=Weight%20Loss%20Diet%20Program&st=Completed&tx=9CX31984H5808205U
everything is looking good with code & return url, then why after return sometimes website showing blank screen??
My Code Snippet to execute paypal response:
switch($action){
case "success":
if(isset($_GET['tx']))
{
$tx_token = $_GET['tx'];
$req = 'cmd=_notify-synch';
$auth_token = PDT_IDENTITY_TOKEN;
$req .= "&tx=$tx_token&at=$auth_token";
$ch = curl_init();
if($sandbox==0){
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, "https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr"); //Live
}else{
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, "https://www.sandbox.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr"); //Sandbox
}
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER,1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $req);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 1);
//set cacert.pem verisign certificate path in curl using 'CURLOPT_CAINFO' field here,
//if your server does not bundled with default verisign certificates.
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 2);
if($sandbox==0){
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array("Host: www.paypal.com")); //Live
}else{
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array("Host: www.sandbox.paypal.com")); //Sandbox
}
$res = curl_exec($ch);
curl_close($ch);
$lines = explode("\n", trim($res));
$keyarray = array();
if (strcmp ($lines[0], "SUCCESS") == 0)
{
for ($i = 1; $i < count($lines); $i++)
{
$temp = explode("=", $lines[$i],2);
$keyarray[urldecode($temp[0])] = urldecode($temp[1]);
}
$invoice_id = $keyarray['invoice'];
$transaction_id = $keyarray['txn_id'];
$payment_status = $keyarray['payment_status'];
if($payment_status=='Completed')
{
........
}
}
}
....
break;
....
}
During PayPal operations, the variables you are using are part of PDT (Paypal data transfer), which is PayPal a/c feature which needs to be enabled. Please check your PayPal a/c PDT settings once.
I have PayPal integrated on my website. There's a form on my site which takes the customer to PayPal to finalise the payment then it returns them to my site. My site then sends a request back to PayPal with the transaction token for PDT so that I can run a few checks then auto-credit my customer's with the product they bought.
The system uses PHP and cURL to send process all this.
When I use: "www.sandbox.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr"
Along with the sandbox credentials everything works fine, everything.
Once I change it all to "www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr"
It does not work, My code tells me that the request fails.
My Code:
$pp_hostname = "www.paypal.com";
// read the post from PayPal system and add 'cmd'
$req = 'cmd=_notify-synch';
$tx_token = $_GET['tx'];
$auth_token = "#######-hashed_out_here-########";
$req .= "&tx=$tx_token&at=$auth_token";
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, "https://$pp_hostname/cgi-bin/webscr");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER,1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $req);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 1);
//set cacert.pem verisign certificate path in curl using 'CURLOPT_CAINFO' field here,
//if your server does not bundled with default verisign certificates.
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 2);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array("Host: $pp_hostname"));
$res = curl_exec($ch);
curl_close($ch);
if(!$res){
$this->twig->error("Request failed.");
}else{
$lines = explode("\n", $res);
$keyarray = array();
if (strcmp ($lines[0], "SUCCESS") == 0) {
for ($i='1'; $i<count($lines);$i++){
$test = explode("=", $lines[$i]);
if(empty($test[1])){
$keyarray[urldecode($test[0])] = '';
}else{
$keyarray[urldecode($test[0])] = urldecode($test[1]);
}
}
//give product
} else if (strcmp ($lines[0], "FAIL") == 0) {
$this->twig->error('Transaction failed!');
}
}
Not sure why I'm having a problem so I don't know how to go about fixing.
My PayPal Account is set up as Business, has PDT and IPN turned on as well as Auto-Return
EDIT: Also there isn't an error occurring with the cURL.
OK so if(!($res = curl_exec($ch))) is returning true, i.e its not working
I have PayPal integrated on my website. There's a form on my site which takes the customer to PayPal to finalise the payment then it returns them to my site. My site then sends a request back to PayPal with the transaction token for PDT so that I can run a few checks then auto-credit my customer's with the product they bought.
The system uses PHP and cURL to send process all this.
When I use: "www.sandbox.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr"
Along with the sandbox credentials everything works fine, everything.
Once I change it all to "www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr"
It does not work, My code tells me that the request fails.
My Code:
$pp_hostname = "www.paypal.com";
// read the post from PayPal system and add 'cmd'
$req = 'cmd=_notify-synch';
$tx_token = $_GET['tx'];
$auth_token = "#######-hashed_out_here-########";
$req .= "&tx=$tx_token&at=$auth_token";
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, "https://$pp_hostname/cgi-bin/webscr");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER,1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $req);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 1);
//set cacert.pem verisign certificate path in curl using 'CURLOPT_CAINFO' field here,
//if your server does not bundled with default verisign certificates.
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 2);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array("Host: $pp_hostname"));
$res = curl_exec($ch);
curl_close($ch);
if(!$res){
$this->twig->error("Request failed.");
}else{
$lines = explode("\n", $res);
$keyarray = array();
if (strcmp ($lines[0], "SUCCESS") == 0) {
for ($i='1'; $i<count($lines);$i++){
$test = explode("=", $lines[$i]);
if(empty($test[1])){
$keyarray[urldecode($test[0])] = '';
}else{
$keyarray[urldecode($test[0])] = urldecode($test[1]);
}
}
//give product
} else if (strcmp ($lines[0], "FAIL") == 0) {
$this->twig->error('Transaction failed!');
}
}
Not sure why I'm having a problem so I don't know how to go about fixing.
My PayPal Account is set up as Business, has PDT and IPN turned on as well as Auto-Return
It appears that I'm receiving HTTP Error, but which I cannot say, if I log the curl_error it simply says " " and if I log the curl_errno I get 0.
I managed to get this fixed. It was due to my server not having the ssl certificates installed, once I did so it worked fine.
I am using Paypal SDK 1.6 for iOS.
I have a IPN callback php script and When I test from IPN Paypal Simulator it works fine (Payment verified) And when I test from an iPhone payment I have some missing POST parameters.
Edit : Code
<?php
// Revision Notes
// 11/04/11 - changed post back url from https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr to https://ipnpb.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr
// For more info see below:
// https://www.x.com/content/bulletin-ip-address-expansion-paypal-services
//"ACTION REQUIRED: if you are using IPN (Instant Payment Notification) for Order Management and your IPN listener script is behind a firewall that uses ACL (Access Control List) rules which restrict outbound traffic to a limited number of IP addresses, then you may need to do one of the following:
// To continue posting back to https://www.paypal.com to perform IPN validation you will need to update your firewall ACL to allow outbound access to *any* IP address for the servers that host your IPN script
// OR Alternatively, you will need to modify your IPN script to post back IPNs to the newly created URL https://ipnpb.paypal.com using HTTPS (port 443) and update firewall ACL rules to allow outbound access to the ipnpb.paypal.com IP ranges (see end of message)."
// read the post from PayPal system and add 'cmd'
$req = 'cmd=_notify-validate';
foreach ($_POST as $key => $value) {
$value = urlencode(stripslashes($value));
$req .= "&$key=$value";
}
// post back to PayPal system to validate
$header = "POST /cgi-bin/webscr HTTP/1.0\r\n";
// If testing on Sandbox use:
$header .= "Host: www.sandbox.paypal.com:443\r\n";
//$header .= "Host: ipnpb.paypal.com:443\r\n";
$header .= "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\r\n";
$header .= "Content-Length: " . strlen($req) . "\r\n\r\n";
// If testing on Sandbox use:
$fp = fsockopen ('ssl://www.sandbox.paypal.com', 443, $errno, $errstr, 30);
//$fp = fsockopen ('ssl://ipnpb.paypal.com', 443, $errno, $errstr, 30);
// assign posted variables to local variables
$item_name = $_POST['item_name'];
$item_number = $_POST['item_number'];
$payment_status = $_POST['payment_status'];
$payment_amount = $_POST['mc_gross'];
$payment_currency = $_POST['mc_currency'];
$txn_id = $_POST['txn_id'];
$receiver_email = $_POST['receiver_email'];
$payer_email = $_POST['payer_email'];
if (!$fp) {
// HTTP ERROR
} else {
fputs ($fp, $header . $req);
while (!feof($fp)) {
$res = fgets ($fp, 1024);
if (strcmp ($res, "VERIFIED") == 0) {
// check the payment_status is Completed
// check that txn_id has not been previously processed
// check that receiver_email is your Primary PayPal email
// check that payment_amount/payment_currency are correct
// process payment
$mail_From = "From: me#mybiz.com";
$mail_To = "testenter code here#gmail.com";
$mail_Subject = "VERIFIED IPN";
$mail_Body = $req;
mail($mail_To, $mail_Subject, $mail_Body, $mail_From);
}
else if (strcmp ($res, "INVALID") == 0) {
// log for manual investigation
$mail_From = "From: me#mybiz.com";
$mail_To = "test#gmail.com";
$mail_Subject = "INVALID IPN";
$mail_Body = $req;
mail($mail_To, $mail_Subject, $mail_Body, $mail_From);
}
}
fclose ($fp);
}
?>
The IPN from the sandbox simulates an Express Checkout transaction, which is a different type of transaction than what you get from using the Mobile Payments Library.
One item that you are probably getting is the PayKey. With the PayKey you can make a second API call to the PaymentDetails API, which should yield the rest of the information you're looking for.
Ref: Payment Details API
I change the request method with curl and now my script work fine:
$ch = curl_init('https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr');
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION, CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER,1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $req);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 2);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FORBID_REUSE, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array('Connection: Close'));
// In wamp like environments that do not come bundled with root authority certificates,
// please download 'cacert.pem' from "http://curl.haxx.se/docs/caextract.html" and set the directory path
// of the certificate as shown below.
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CAINFO, dirname(__FILE__) . '/cacert.pem');
if( !($res = curl_exec($ch)) ) {
// error_log("Got " . curl_error($ch) . " when processing IPN data");
curl_close($ch);
exit;
}
curl_close($ch);