Foreach key - Possible to seek ahead without " if ( key < wheretoseek ) { continue; } "? - php

Imagine a simple, but large array with keys 0 to 100000.
When doing a foreach loop of this array, is it possible to 'seek' ahead without doing something like:
foreach($array as $key=>$value){
if($key<10000){
continue;
}
}
We do this kind of operation once in a while thru our codebase. It seams like a bit of a waste of ticks to go thru each of the keys until key is greater then 10000.
Is this possible in php 5.4?
Thanks.

it was possible even in PHP 2.0FI or ALTAIR BASIC
for($i=10000;$i < count($array);$i++){
}
No doubt some nitpickers will come to tell that doing count($array) 90000 times is a waste of ticks too.
However, to get a real performance gain one have to avoid lengthy loops at all.

$rest = array_slice($array, 10000);
Depending on what you want to achieve (here: what you want to do after seeking)
for ($length = count($array), $key = 10000; $key < $length, $key++) {
$value = $array[$key];
}

Assuming the keys are consecutive integers:
$count = count($array);
for ($key = 10000; $key < $count; ++$key) {
$value = $array[$key];
}
I'm not sure if count is O(1) though, so if it's not, you might be better off doing:
$key = 0;
while (isset($array[$key])) {
$value = $array[$key];
++$key;
}
Note that array_key_exists would be required if the key could be considered not set yet exist in the array.

Borrowing from this solution, this would do the trick and set the array pointer at the element you want. This would be the closest you get to seeking the array and not just specifying the interval of keys to loop through.
$start = 10000; // or what ever number you're starting at
while(key($array) < $start) next($array);
You can't use this if you plan to use a foreach-loop (as it resets the pointer), but should be good if you iterate the rest of the array like this
$count = count($array);
do {
$key = key($array);
$value = current($array);
} while($key < $count);

Related

Consolidate array of numbers without exceeding a predefined maximum value per element

I'm trying to combine numbers in an array by adding them so that the max value can only by 30.
For example, this is my array:
array(10,30,10,10,15);
After combining the numbers in the array to items with a max value 30, the result should be:
array(30,30,15);
How to achieve this?
I'm trying to combine numbers in an array by adding them so that the
max value can only by 30
So, when you combine numbers, you can achieve the lowest possible set of values in your array and also make sure that max value remains 30 by:
First, sort them.
Second, keeping adding elements to sum till you are about to get a sum > 30.
Third, once an element can no longer be added to a sum, add the current sum in your array and make the current element as the new sum.
Code:
<?php
$arr = array(10,30,10,10,15);
sort($arr);
$res = [];
$curr_sum = 0;
foreach($arr as $each_value){
if($curr_sum + $each_value <= 30) $curr_sum += $each_value;
else{
$res[] = $curr_sum;
$curr_sum = $each_value;
}
}
$res[] = $curr_sum;
print_r($res);
Demo: https://3v4l.org/BYhuE
Update: If order of the numbers matters, seeing your current output, you could just use rsort() to show them in descending order.
rsort($res);
$total = array_sum(array(10,30,10,10,15)); //assign sum totals from orignal array
$maxValue = 30; //assign max value allowed in array
$numberOfWholeOccurancesOfMaxValue = floor($total/$maxValue);
$remainder = $total%$maxValue;
//build array
$i=0;
while ( $i < $numberOfWholeOccurancesOfMaxValue ){
$array[] = $maxValue;
$i++;
}
$array[] = $remainder;
print_r($array);
You can loop only once to get this,
$temp = array(10,30,10,10,15);
natsort($temp); // sorting to reduce hustle and complication
$result = [];
$i = 0;
$maxValue = 30;
foreach($temp as $v){
// checking sum is greater or value is greater or $v is greater than equal to
if(!empty($result[$i]) && (($result[$i]+$v) > $maxValue)){
$i++;
}
$result[$i] = (!empty($result[$i]) ? ($result[$i]+$v) : $v);
}
print_r($result);
Working demo.
I believe finding most space-optimized/compact result requires a nested loop. My advice resembles the firstFitDecreasing() function in this answer of mine except in this case the nested loops are accessing the same array. I've added a couple of simple conditions to prevent needless iterations.
rsort($array);
foreach ($array as $k1 => &$v1) {
if ($v1 >= $limit) {
continue;
}
foreach ($array as $k2 => $v2) {
if ($k1 !== $k2 && $v1 + $v2 <= $limit) {
$v1 += $v2;
unset($array[$k2]);
if ($v1 === $limit) {
continue 2;
}
}
}
}
rsort($array);
var_export($array);
By putting larger numbers before smaller numbers before processing AND by attempting to add multiple subsequent values to earlier values, having fewer total elements in the result is possible.
See my comparative demonstration.
I believe #Clint's answer is misinterpreting the task and is damaging the data by summing all values then distributing the max amounts in the result array.
With more challenging input data like $array = [10,30,5,10,5,13,14,15,10,5]; and $limit = 30;, my solution provides a more dense result versus #nice_dev's and #rahul's answers.

Sort a flat array in recurring ascending sequences

I am trying to sort it in a repeating, sequential pattern of numerical order with the largest sets first.
Sample array:
$array = [1,1,1,2,3,2,3,4,5,4,4,4,5,1,2,2,3];
In the above array, I have the highest value of 5 which appears twice so the first two sets would 1,2,3,4,5 then it would revert to the second, highest value set etc.
Desired result:
[1,2,3,4,5,1,2,3,4,5,1,2,3,4,1,2,4]
I am pretty sure I can split the array into chunks of the integer values then cherrypick an item from each subarray sequentially until there are no remaining items, but I just feel that this is going to be poor for performance and I don't want to miss a simple trick that PHP can already handle.
Here's my attempt at a very manual loop using process, the idea is to simply sort the numbers into containers for array_unshifting. I'm sure this is terrible and I'd love someone to do this in five lines or less :)
$array = array(1,1,1,2,3,2,3,4,5,4,4,4,5,1,2,2,3);
sort($array);
// Build the container array
$numbers = array_fill_keys(array_unique($array),array());
// Assignment
foreach( $array as $number )
{
$numbers[ $number ][] = $number;
}
// Worker Loop
$output = array();
while( empty( $numbers ) === false )
{
foreach( $numbers as $outer => $inner )
{
$output[] = array_shift( $numbers[ $outer ] );
if( empty( $numbers[ $outer ] ) )
{
unset( $numbers[ $outer ] );
}
}
}
var_dump( $output );
I think I'd look at this not as a sorting problem, but alternating values from multiple lists, so rather than coming up with sets of distinct numbers I'd make sets of the same number.
Since there's no difference between one 1 and another, all you actually need is to count the number of times each appears. It turns out PHP can do this for you with aaray_count_values.
$sets = array_count_values ($input);
Then we can make sure the sets are in order by sorting by key:
ksort($sets);
Now, we iterate round our sets, counting down how many times we've output each number. Once we've "drained" a set, we remove it from the list, and once we have no sets left, we're all done:
$output = [];
while ( count($sets) > 0 ) {
foreach ( $sets as $number => $count ) {
$output[] = $number;
if ( --$sets[$number] == 0 ) {
unset($sets[$number]);
}
}
}
This algorithm could be adapted for cases where the values are actually distinct but can be put into sets, by having the value of each set be a list rather than a count. Instead of -- you'd use array_shift, and then check if the length of the set was zero.
You can use only linear logic to sort using php functions. Here is optimized way to fill data structures. It can be used for streams, generators or anything else you can iterate and compare.
$array = array(1,1,1,2,3,2,3,4,5,4,4,4,5,1,2,2,3);
sort($array);
$chunks = [];
$index = [];
foreach($array as $i){
if(!isset($index[$i])){
$index[$i]=0;
}
if(!isset($chunks[$index[$i]])){
$chunks[$index[$i]]=[$i];
} else {
$chunks[$index[$i]][] = $i;
}
$index[$i]++;
}
$result = call_user_func_array('array_merge', $chunks);
print_r($result);
<?php
$array = array(1,1,1,2,3,2,3,4,5,4,4,4,5,1,2,2,3);
sort($array);
while($array) {
$n = 0;
foreach($array as $k => $v) {
if($v>$n) {
$result[] = $n = $v;
unset($array[$k]);
}
}
}
echo implode(',', $result);
Output:
1,2,3,4,5,1,2,3,4,5,1,2,3,4,1,2,4
New, more elegant, more performant, more concise answer:
Create a sorting array where each number gets its own independent counter to increment. Then use array_multisort() to sort by this grouping array, then sort by values ascending.
Code: (Demo)
$encounters = [];
foreach ($array as $v) {
$encounters[] = $e[$v] = ($e[$v] ?? 0) + 1;
}
array_multisort($encounters, $array);
var_export($array);
Or with a functional style with no global variable declarations: (Demo)
array_multisort(
array_map(
function($v) {
static $e;
return $e[$v] = ($e[$v] ?? 0) + 1;
},
$array
),
$array
);
var_export($array);
Old answer:
My advice is functionally identical to #El''s snippet, but is implemented in a more concise/modern/attractive fashion.
After ensuring that the input array is sorted, make only one pass over the array and push each re-encountered value into its next row of values. The $counter variable indicates which row (in $grouped) the current value should be pushed into. When finished looping and grouping, $grouped will have unique values in each row. The final step is to merge/flatten the rows (preserving their order).
Code: (Demo)
$grouped = [];
$counter = [];
sort($array);
foreach ($array as $v) {
$counter[$v] = ($counter[$v] ?? -1) + 1;
$grouped[$counter[$v]][] = $v;
}
var_export(array_merge(...$grouped));

Make a while loop when the array is empty?

I have code that will make an array or arrays of UNKNOWN length because it depends on how many new people have been added to the mysql DB. (this is where I'm getting confused)
The array has $x items, each item is an array of first name, last name, and e-mail address.
I want the loop to run till the array is ended.
$x = 0;
while($array[$x]['per_LastName'] != 'NULL') {
$batch[] = array('EMAIL'=>$array[$x]['per_Email'], 'FNAME'=>$array[$x]['per_FirstName'], 'LNAME'=>$array[$x]['per_LastName']);
$x = $x+1;
}
apparently I'm looping infinity because it uses all the memory.
Use a foreach loop which will loop through all elements of the array.
foreach($array as $key => $value) {
$batch[] = array('EMAIL'=>$value['per_Email'], 'FNAME'=>$value['per_FirstName'], 'LNAME'=>$value['per_LastName']);
}
Instead you should use a for loop
for($x = 0; $x<count($array); $x++){
$batch[] = array('EMAIL'=>$array[$x]['per_Email'], 'FNAME'=>$array[$x]['per_FirstName'], 'LNAME'=>$array[$x]['per_LastName']);
}
why not use foreach and avoid counters and unnecessary checks?
foreach($array as $eachArray)
{
$batch[] = array('EMAIL'=>$eachArray['per_Email'], 'FNAME'=>$eachArray['per_FirstName'], 'LNAME'=>$eachArray['per_LastName']);
}

Compare single value against array - substitute the value for closest number within array

Title is lengthy and confusing, forgive me.
$array = (1,5,10,25,50);
$x = 8
How would I compare $x to each value within the array, and then select the value with the closest match.
In this case, it would be 10.
I imagined creating a handful of if statements but thought there could be a better way to do this.
Thanks in advance
Another way, using an intermediate array with the differences:
$diff = array();
foreach($array as $n)
$diff[$n] = abs($x - $n); // key = number, value = difference
// get the key that contains the smallest difference
$closest = array_search(min($diff), $diff);
$min = 0;
foreach ($array AS $i => $v) {
if (abs($array[$min] - $x) > abs($v - $x))
$min = $i;
// you can optimize this with :
if ($v == $x)
break;
}
$closest = $array[$min];
Something like that should work.

Reset Duplicate Values in PHP Array

I have a PHP array:
$arr = array(1,2,3,3,4,6,6);
I want to find the location of either duplicate in each duplicate pair (either 3 and either 6) and reset that value using rand(1,8). How would I go about doing this? I essentially need to make sure all of the array values are different.
You can try
$arr = array(1,2,3,3,4,6,6);
$dup = array_diff_assoc($arr,array_unique($arr));
$v = mt_rand(1, 8);
foreach ( $dup as $k ) {
while ( in_array($v, $arr) ) {
$v = mt_rand(1, 8);
}
$arr[$k] = $v;
}
echo "<pre>";
print_r($arr);
A simple way is to record how many items are in the array, use array_unique, and finally refill the array using a rand:
$size = count($arr);
$arr = array_unique($arr);
while (count($arr) < $size) {
$arr[] = rand(1,8,$arr);
}
You'd want to repeat this until count($arr) == count(array_unique($arr)). You could also make a random function that gives random values that are not already in the array pretty easily using in_array() and a loop.

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