Undefined offset: 255 - php

Logfiles are full of this error:
Undefined offset: 255 in /var/www/html/site2/functions.inc.php on line 764"
The line 764 is the following:
$counter[$i] = $counter[$x];
The whole function see below.
Can somebody help me to fix it? Thanks.
function Encode($data,$pwd) {
$pwd_length = strlen($pwd);
for ($i = 0; $i < 255; $i++) {
$key[$i] = ord(substr($pwd, ($i % $pwd_length)+1, 1));
$counter[$i] = $i;
}
$x = '';
for ($i = 0; $i < 255; $i++) {
$x = ($x + $counter[$i] + $key[$i]) % 256;
$temp_swap = $counter[$i];
$counter[$i] = $counter[$x];
$counter[$x] = $temp_swap;
}
$a = '';
$j = '';
$Zcrypt = '';
for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($data); $i++) {
$a = ($a + 1) % 256;
$j = ($j + $counter[$a]) % 256;
$temp = $counter[$a];
$counter[$a] = $counter[$j];
$counter[$j] = $temp;
$k = $counter[(($counter[$a] + $counter[$j]) % 256)];
$Zcipher = ord(substr($data, $i, 1)) ^ $k;
$Zcrypt .= chr($Zcipher);
}
return $Zcrypt;
}

Your for-loop stops when $i >= 255. You don't want that. I think you want the for-loop to stop at $i>255.
So change
for ($i = 0; $i < 255; $i++) {
into
for ($i = 0; $i <= 255; $i++) {
And you're good to go!

Related

Convert array outputted from DCT to an image in PHP

Using the following code I can get the DCT of an image in PHP. Then I need to convert this back in to the compressed image. How can I achieve that?
<?php
$results = array();
$image1 = "baboon.jpg";
$ima = ImageCreateFromJPEG($image1);
$N1 = imagesx($ima);
$N2 = imagesy($ima);
$rows = array();
$row = array();
for ($j = 0; $j < $N2; $j++) {
for ($i = 0; $i < $N1; $i++)
$row[$i] = imagecolorat($ima, $i, $j);
$rows[$j] = dct1D($row);
}
for ($i = 0; $i < $N1; $i++) {
for ($j = 0; $j < $N2; $j++)
$col[$j] = $rows[$j][$i];
$results[$i] = dct1D($col);
}
print_r($results);
function dct1D($in) {
$results = array();
$N = count($in);
for ($k = 0; $k < $N; $k++) {
$sum = 0;
for ($n = 0; $n < $N; $n++) {
$sum += $in[$n] * cos($k * pi() * ($n + 0.5) / ($N));
}
$sum *= sqrt(2 / $N);
if ($k == 0) {
$sum *= 1 / sqrt(2);
}
$results[$k] = $sum;
}
return $results;
}
?>
Also I need to know how can I add some extra details like another message to this image too.. (image steganography). Please help. Thanks

Gaussian Eliminate for GF2 code

I have this gauss_eliminate function, but instead of dealing with real numbers, I want it to work on binary values.
I need the GF2 gauss_eliminate function, where the input is binary and the output is binary.
This produces real values, not binary, eg
0.57142857142857
0.71428571428571
-0.42857142857143
-0.28571428571429
0.14285714285714
Gaussian elimination has these 3 allowed steps:
1) Swapping two rows (for achieving a certain look)
2) Multiplying a row by a nonzero number,
3) Adding a multiple of one row to another row.
-- in GF2: addition operation is XOR : 0+0=0, 0+1=1, 1+0=1, 1+1=0 --and--
multiplication is AND operation: 0*0=0,0*1=0,1*0=0,1*1=1
function gauss_eliminate($A, $b, $N)
{
for ($col = 0; $col < $N; $col++) {
$j = $col;
$max = $A[$j][$j];
for ($i = $col + 1; $i < $N; $i++) {
$tmp = abs($A[$i][$col]);
if ($tmp > $max) {
$j = $i;
$max = $tmp;
}
}
swap_rows($A, $b, $col, $j);
for ($i = $col + 1; $i < $N; $i++) {
$tmp = $A[$i][$col] / $A[$col][$col];
for ($j = $col + 1; $j < $N; $j++) $A[$i][$j] -= $tmp * $A[$col][$j];
$A[$i][$col] = 0;
$b[$i] -= $tmp * $b[$col];
}
}
$x = array();
for ($col = $N - 1; $col >= 0; $col--) {
$tmp = $b[$col];
for ($j = $N - 1; $j > $col; $j--) $tmp -= $x[$j] * $A[$col][$j];
$x[$col] = $tmp / $A[$col][$col];
}
return $x;
}
new code #1, still doesn't work:
function gauss_eliminate($A, $b, $N)
{
for ($col = 0; $col < $N; $col++) {
$j = $col;
$max = $A[$j][$j];
for ($i = $col + 1; $i < $N; $i++) {
$tmp = abs($A[$i][$col]);
if ($tmp > $max) {
$j = $i;
$max = $tmp;
}
}
swap_rows($A, $b, $col, $j);
for ($i = $col + 1; $i < $N; $i++) {
for ($j = $col + 1; $j < $N; $j++)
$A[$i][$j]=( $A[$i][$j] != $A[$col][$j] ) ? 1 : 0;
$A[$i][$col] = 0;
$b[$i]=( $b[$i] != $b[$col] ) ? 1 : 0;
}
}
$x = array();
for ($col = $N - 1; $col >= 0; $col--) {
# $tmp = $b[$col];
# for ($j = $N - 1; $j > $col; $j--) $tmp -= $x[$j] * $A[$col][$j];
$x[$col] = ( $x[$col] != $A[$col][$j] ) ? 1 : 0;
}
return $x;
}
New code #2 - still doesn't work - tmp setup to alternate
function gauss_eliminate($A, $b, $N)
{
for ($col = 0; $col < $N; $col++) {
$j = $col;
$max = $A[$j][$j];
for ($i = $col + 1; $i < $N; $i++) {
$tmp = abs($A[$i][$col]);
if ($tmp > $max) { $j = $i; $max = $tmp; }
}
swap_rows($A, $b, $col, $j);
for ($i = $col + 1; $i < $N; $i++) {
# $tmp = $A[$i][$col] / $A[$col][$col];
for ($j = $col + 1; $j < $N; $j++) $A[$i][$j]=($A[$i][$j] != $A[$col][$j] ? 1 : 0);
$A[$i][$col] = 0;
$b[$i] = ( $b[$i] != $b[$col] ? 1 : 0);
}
}
$x = array();
for ($col = $N - 1; $col >= 0; $col--) {
$tmp = $b[$col];
for ($j = $N - 1; $j > $col; $j--) $tmp = 1 - $tmp;
$x[$col] = ($tmp != $A[$col][$j] ? 1 : 0);
}
return $x;
}
It appears I found the right syntax. I am getting the right result for one example, after modifying the code in a way that makes sense.... converting - to +, and this + to XOR, while / is ignored and * is AND.
Still it would be nice to get a confirmation that this code is correct.
function gauss_eliminate($A, $b, $N) {
for ($col = 0; $col < $N; $col++) {
$j = $col;
$max = $A[$j][$j];
for ($i = $col + 1; $i < $N; $i++) {
$tmp = abs($A[$i][$col]);
if ($tmp > $max) {
$j = $i;
$max = $tmp;
}
}
swap_rows($A, $b, $col, $j);
for ($i = $col + 1; $i < $N; $i++) {
# $tmp = $A[$i][$col] / $A[$col][$col];
# for ($j = $col + 1; $j < $N; $j++) {
# $A[$i][$j] -= $tmp * $A[$col][$j];
# }
# $A[$i][$col] = 0;
# $b[$i] -= $tmp * $b[$col];
$tmp = $A[$i][$col];
for ($j = $col + 1; $j < $N; $j++) {
# $A[$i][$j] = $A[$i][$j] + ( $tmp * $A[$col][$j] );
$A[$i][$j] = ( $A[$i][$j] != ( $tmp && $A[$col][$j] ) ) ? 1 : 0;
}
$A[$i][$col] = 0;
# $b[$i] = $b[$i] + ($tmp * $b[$col]);
$b[$i] = ( $b[$i] != ($tmp && $b[$col]) ) ? 1 : 0;
}
}
$x = array();
for ($col = $N - 1; $col >= 0; $col--) {
$tmp = $b[$col];
for ($j = $N - 1; $j > $col; $j--) {
# $tmp -= $x[$j] * $A[$col][$j];
# $tmp = $tmp + ($x[$j] * $A[$col][$j]);
$tmp = ( $tmp != ($x[$j] && $A[$col][$j]) ) ? 1 : 0;
}
# $x[$col] = $tmp / $A[$col][$col];
$x[$col] = $tmp;
}
return $x;
}
The commented text is the old (non GF2 code) as well as my "middle step" of showing where I convert + to XOR, * to AND, etc

sort numbers in php,

hi i am using php to learn algorithms, i wanted to convert this psuedocode into php,
for i = 1 to n − 1
minval = A[i]
minindex = i
for j = i to n
if (A[j] < minval)
minval = A[j]
minindex = j
exchange A[i] and A[minindex]
this the corresponding code in php
$A = array(1, 4, 2, 3, 70, 10, 7 );
$n = sizeof($A);
for ($i = 0; $i == $n - 1; $i++){
for ($j = $i + 1; $j == $n; $j++){
if ($A[$i] > $A[$j]){
$temp = $A[$j];
$A[$j] = $A[$i];
$A[$i] = $temp;
}
}
}
print_r($A);
print_r is outputting the array as its original order, why my algorithms doents reorder the array ?
You should check your forloops :
for ($i = 0; $i == $n - 1; $i++){
for ($j = $i + 1; $j == $n; $j++){
should be
for ($i = 0; $i < $n - 1; $i++){
for ($j = $i + 1; $j < $n; $j++){
As the second argument in for is a requirement to continue the loop.

Call-time pass-by-reference

There is Fatal Error in this code:
Call-time pass-by-reference has been removed on line 108. this is
Boyer Moore Algorithm
function suffixes($pattern, &$suffixes)
{
$m = strlen($pattern);
$suffixes[$m - 1] = $m;
$g = $m - 1;
for ($i = $m - 2; $i >= 0; --$i) {
if ($i > $g && $suffixes[$i + $m - 1 - $f] < $i - $g) {
$suffixes[$i] = $suffixes[$i + $m - 1 - $f];
} else {
if ($i < $g) {
$g = $i;
}
$f = $i;
while ($g >= 0 && $pattern[$g] == $pattern[$g + $m - 1 - $f]) {
$g--;
}
$suffixes[$i] = $f - $g;
}
}
}
function badCharacters
function badCharacters($pattern, &$badChars)
{
$m = strlen($pattern);
for ($i = 0; $i < $m - 1; ++$i) {
$badChars[$pattern{$i}] = $m - $i - 1;
}
}
function goodSuffixes
function goodSuffixes($pattern, &$goodSuffixes)
{
$m = strlen($pattern);
$suff = array();
suffixes($pattern, $suff);
for ($i = 0; $i < $m; $i++) {
$goodSuffixes[$i] = $m;
}
for ($i = $m - 1; $i >= 0; $i--) {
if ($suff[$i] == $i + 1) {
for ($j = 0; $j < $m - $i - 1; $j++) {
if ($goodSuffixes[$j] == $m) {
$goodSuffixes[$j] = $m - $i - 1;
}
}
}
}
for ($i = 0; $i < $m - 2; $i++) {
$goodSuffixes[$m - 1 - $suff[$i]] = $m - $i - 1;
}
}
function boyer_moore
function boyer_moore($pattern, $text)
{
$n = strlen($text);
$m = strlen($pattern);
$goodSuffixes = array();
$badCharacters = array();
//this is the line 108
goodSuffixes($pattern, &$goodSuffixes);
badCharacters($pattern, &$badCharacters);
$j = 0;
while ($j < $n - $m) {
for ($i = $m - 1; $i >= 0 && $pattern[$i] == $text[$i + $j]; $i--);
if ($i < 0) {
echo $j;
$j += $goodSuffixes[0];
} else {
$j += max($goodSuffixes[$i], $badCharacters[$text[$i + $j]] - $m + $i + 1);
}
}
}
boyer_moore($pattern, $text);
What is causing this error?
It's clear from the error message:
goodSuffixes($pattern, &$goodSuffixes);
badCharacters($pattern, &$badCharacters);
The '&' is the character that is attempting to pass by reference at calltime. Remove the '&' from in front of the 2 variable names.
goodSuffixes($pattern, $goodSuffixes);
badCharacters($pattern, $badCharacters);

how to work Bitap algorithm?

I'm trying to understand the algorithm Bitap for string matching
The following code related to bitap algorithm that write with PHP language :
function SearchString($text, $pattern)
{
$m = strlen($pattern);
$textLen = strlen($text);
$patternMask = array();
$i;
if (empty($pattern)) return 0;
if ($m > 31) return -1; //Error: The pattern is too long!
$R = ~1;
for ($i = 0; $i <= 127; ++$i)
$patternMask[$i] = ~0;
for ($i = 0; $i < $m; ++$i)
$patternMask[ord($pattern[$i])] &= ~(1 << $i);
for ($i = 0; $i < $textLen; ++$i)
{
$R |= $patternMask[ord($text[$i])];
$R <<= 1;
if (0 == ($R & (1 << $m)))
return ($i - $m) + 1;
}
return -1;
}
Please explain how this code works?
i am not understand this part :
for ($i = 0; $i < $m; ++$i)
$patternMask[ord($pattern[$i])] &= ~(1 << $i);
for ($i = 0; $i < $textLen; ++$i)
{
$R |= $patternMask[ord($text[$i])];
$R <<= 1;
if (0 == ($R & (1 << $m)))
return ($i - $m) + 1;
}
return -1;
thanks

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