I am new to PHP. I am developing a website (as of now with static content, no database involved yet).
The url is seen like this for e.g : localhost/main/listcontent/content1#abc.php
I want to hide the entire path and replace it with something like : localhost/main?sub=1&brch=1
Any suggestions?
P.S : I have googled it but couldn't understand how to proceed.
Thanks in advance !
One way would be with a .htaccess rule:
RewriteEngine on
Options +FollowSymLinks
RewriteBase /
RewriteRule !(\.xpi|\.xml|\.txt|\.air|\.exe|\.zip|\.pdf|\.ico|\.gif|\.jpg|\.png|\.jpeg|\.js|\.swf|\.css|\.php|\.html)$ index_mod_rewrite.php [L]
Inside index_mod_rewrite.php you resolve the current URL to a mapping created by you (see $_SERVER["REQUEST_URI"]), and then require the necessary .php files.
Another would be to manually (or using a script) add all mappings to .htacccess.
The above is valid if you are using Apache. .htaccess is a file you place in any folder, and it affects the current folders and subfolders. Subsequent .htacccess files along the path can alter the configuration or even stop mod rewrite if you so choose for a particular folder.
For the sake of making sure, I am also adding here another requirement for the up most .htaccess file (security feature to disable directory listing):
options All -Indexes
IndexIgnore *
Related
So, I have the current file structure:
ROOT
-> /public
-> /user_views
user_handle.php
user_profile.php
user_feed.php
user_settings.php
.htaccess
As you see, the folder user_views contains a few of the possible views that the client could want to look at. What I am wanting, is for clients that insert the URL http://example.com/user/ to be directed to the page user_handle.php. This handle would act as a root file for all /user/ pages, and it would accordingly split into those pages through numerous $_GET requests.
So far, I have the following .htaccess, but it's not working...
RewriteRule ^user/ user_views/user_handle.php [L]
What could I do to get this to work, so that the url http://example.com/user redirects to the user_handle file in the user_views folder?
Thanks!
I'm not sure I fully understand your question, but it seems you would like to make user_handle.php located under public/user_views act as a "router" for the rest of you PHP files and have all requests to /user/ (e.g. /user/?page=1) be processed by user_handle.php.
If that's the case, your rule seems legit. The only thing I noticed (I might be wrong) is that your .htaccess is located outside the public folder. In that's the case, you need to include 'public/' as part of your rule.
I recreated the folder/file structure you described and it has worked for me using the following .htaccess:
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteRule ^user/ public/user_views/user_handle.php [L]
</IfModule>
Slight chance this is the problem, but you also might want to double check that mod_rewrite, which is the rule-based rewriting engine is enabled on your server/local environment. It should show up under 'Loaded modules' when you call phpinfo() in any PHP file.
Hope this helps.
I want to map URL in my localhost XAMPP into custom files.
For example:
localhost/index.php --> d:\xampp\htdocs\index.php (default)
localhost/normal/data.php --> d:\xampp\htdocs\normal\data.php (default)
localhost/view/userinfo.php --> d:\xampp\htdocs\view.php?p=userinfo (custom)
localhost/view/welcome.php --> d:\xampp\htdocs\view.php?p=welcome (custom)
So, basically, all URL that goes into inside view path will be mapped to view.php files with the filename.php (minus the .php) as its query parameter. There's actually no physical folder view, and no physical files userinfo.php and welcome.php inside the folder.
The reason that I need to do this is that so I can pass all the pages that viewing data into an "application frame" that will wrap the page with header, menu, and footer, and I don't need to give header, menu, and footer call in each page. I might have the actual files userinfo.php that I can $include_once, or I might not (I can just generate it from within the view.php), but hey, that's one of the power of this kind of framework, right? And, if someday I need to change this structure, I can change it from just within one file (view.php), not all.
Can I do this in PHP and XAMPP? How? I've noticed that some website seems to used this practice (URL which have no actual files or even path at all), but when I try to read tutorial for it, I got confused.
URL mapping in PHP?
The accepted answer listed 3 links to learn about URL rewriting. Mostly they're written for Apache in Linux, and mostly they pull all the possible scenario and configuration that I got confused which one I really need with all those long documents and technical jargon. I need just the practical step of my specific problem, and then, I will be able to start from there to explore myself if I have more advanced needs. Please help.
if you do want to go down the mod rewrite route adding the following to an .htaccess file in the site root should do it. You will need to make sure mod rewrite is on for XAMPP and I can't help you there I'm afraid. As you can see it rewrites the url, not the windows filename - so it would work on any OS.
The ([a-z]*) means it will take any filename.php with lowercase letters and redirect to /view.php?p=$1 where the $1 will be replaced by filename.
the [L,R] (L means last rule so stop processing if any more are reached, and the R means redirect (it will change the url in the browser). Use P instead to reverse Proxy (the user will still see the url they requested but the server will serve the correct file) - This will require mod_proxy as well.
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^view/
RewriteRule ^view/([a-z]*).php$ /view.php?p=$1 [L,R]
</IfModule>
XAMPP uses apache so the rewrites would work the same in Windows as they do in Linux. You could place a .htaccess in the site root directory with some rewrite rules.
However, using PHP
in d:\xampp\htdocs\view\userinfo.php you could include the line
<?php
header('Location: http://localhost/view.php?p=userinfo');
?>
But this must be before any thing is echoed to the screen (even whitespace).
You can use the Apache module mod_rewrite to edit requests before they hit PHP. You want to put something like the following in a .htaccess file in your htdocs directory.
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^view/
RewriteRule ^view/(.*)\.php.*$ view.php?p=$1 [L,QSA]
QSA means Query String Append. This means that if there are any GET parameters set on the original request they will be appended to the end of the new request too.
Note that this assumes that Apache is configured with AllowOverride enabled and the mod_rewrite module loaded.
i am building a web site using PHP and TWIG, i have organized my code into:
class folder: for php classes
lib folder: for non-classes php files
templates folder: for twig templates
and index.php file
when i want to include a link for register page for example the link will be: domain-name/lib/register.php
the question is: is there any good way of hiding the file organization from the link
for example to make the link something like: domain-name/register without changing my file organization and preserving the ability to send get parameters in the url?
thanks
If you are using apache, you can use the mod_rewrite module with a .htaccess file
http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/mod/mod_rewrite.html
For other webservers similar modules and methods exist.
Here's an example htaccess file I would use. Folder structures entered after "register/" are treated as variables that forward to register.php. The QSA flag will allow you to have additional GET variables treated as vars if need be. (e.g. /register/something/?some_var=1).
This is for specific cases when you know how many variables you want to rewrite for what pages. In other words, the below will only work with two variables/spots (e.g. /registers/var1/var2/).
Hope that helps!
############################################
## ENABLE REWRITES
RewriteEngine on
Options +FollowSymLinks
## EXAMPLE WITH 1 VAR
RewriteRule ^register/([A-Za-z0-9-]+)/ lib/register.php?var1=$1 [L,QSA]
## EXAMPLE WITH 2 VAR
RewriteRule ^register/([A-Za-z0-9-]+)/([A-Za-z0-9-]+)/ lib/register.php?var1=$1&var2=$2 [L,QSA]
## ALSO GOOD TO HAVE ERROR DOCS REWRITE
ErrorDocument 404 oops/
I have a website that is working properly.I dont know when I do "Domain-name.com/images" It shows me all the images in the images folder present at my site.I dont know why is this.may be this is due to the Directory permissions?But I want to ask know the actual reason behind it
Help will be appreciated.
Note:I am tagging Php and Html because these people might faced this thing while creating website.
This is because there is no index file in the folder, and Apache (assuming Apache) is set to do directory indexes.
Either create an empty index.html or add the following in either apache2.conf (or httpd.conf) or in a htaccess file:
Options -Indexes
You can restrict the folders using .htaccess.
Create .htaccess file in you website root folder and add the following code in it.
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond $1 !^(css|js|images)
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php/$1 [L]
This is a problem with the configuration of your web server which allows directory listing for your image folder. E.g. on Apache, the most common server software, you would switch it off in the httpd.conf with the directive Options -Indexes in a directory section.
To answer your question: yes. If it's a web accessible directory meaning it resides in the typical webroot folder such as public_html, www, etc and the permissions on the folder are open then anyone can see the contents.
I have a PHP web app located on shared hosting.
My goal is to modify .htaccess file from PHP code when the PHP page is running.
I need that .htaccess to insert a couple of mod_rewrite lines into it.
The problem is that on Windows+Apache I can dynamically modify .htaccess file
but the same code on Linux reports a problem when I try to access this file in any
way (copy or fopen):
"failed to open stream: Permission denied"
I have given .htaccess file 777 permissions - still no result.
WHat prevents me from doing this? How can I develop a workaround?
P.S.
My initial goal was to be able to add a new RewriteRule into .htaccess that maps a
newly added category_id with new category_name.
If it wasn't shared hosting, I would use something like RewriteMap (in main Apache config) and would be able to access the map file.
This is the first real limitation I've been unable to tackle with PHP+Apache, but I hope it's circuventable too.
This seems like an overly-complex solution to just having a general "load category" page that takes the category name from the URL and loads the corresponding ID.
For example, if the URL is:
http://yoursite.com/category/programming
I would remap that to something like:
http://yoursite.com/category.php?name=programming
I want to suggest something else that also works. Instead of writing a rule for every 'special' url, why not use one for all?
I found it a whole lot easier to use what wordpress uses: every url is redirected to the index.
All you have to do is, set up the index file, read in the directory that was loaded (perhaps using $_SERVER['URI_REQUEST']), and deal with it.
add to .htaccess this:
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . /index.php [L]
</IfModule>
Thanks to that chunck you have a system somewhat unlimited at your disposal. If you ever feel like renaming you categrory url, or add another special case, it's already ready!
You only need a small set of rewrite rules. To do what Chad suggests:
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteRule ^/category/.*$ category.php [QSA]
Thus, anytime someone navigates to /category/category_id, the request will be directed to category.php, which will be handed the /category/ URI in $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'], from which you can easily get the category ID, and you don't need to bother with editing the .htaccess file every time you add a category.
While I agree with the above comments, it can definitely be done. PHP apps like WordPress do exactly this based on changes made on the settings page. It should be as simple as writing the file out however the parent directory NEEDS to have permission for the web server user to write to it.
If it isn't working for you the trick will be making the parent directory either 777 or 775 and having the group set to whatever group Apache runs under (usually "apache" or "www" or something similar)
Adam (commented on your question) is quite correct though, some other security layer on your server might be preventing you from doing this, and this is probably a good indication that you might be approaching the problem the wrong way.
I agree with Chad Birch. In case you can't be dissuaded, though, in your situation I would first be looking for parent directories with locked-down permissions.
FYI, one of the reasons that rewriting the .htaccess is a bad idea is that any requests that come in while the .htaccess is being rewritten will not have any of your redirects applied.