I'm trying to include a file v-functions.php that's in htdocs/sc-dev/
The file I'm working on is in htdocs/sc-dev/accounts/verify
How do I write the include for the file v-functions so I can include it in index.php which is in /verify
I tried using include ('../../sc-dev/v-functions.php'); but that wont work, although it works fine in /accounts.
I'm running php 5.3.13 on Windows 7 Home Premium using apache server
You could always use an absolute path, since you know it:
include("/htdocs/sc-dev/accounts/verify");
Alternatively, you can make use of the $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] superglobal, which contains the base path of the website.
In mac os, it worked with:
include('../../v-functions.php');
You can just use realpath and step by step check which location you're getting with each "../".
Anyway path to the file you want:
htdocs/sc-dev/v-functions.php
Your current path:
htdocs/sc-dev/accounts/verify/somefile.php
Leaving once ("../"):
htdocs/sc-dev/accounts/
Leaving twice ("../../"):
htdocs/sc-dev/
Picking the file ("../../v-functions.php"):
htdocs/sc-dev/v-functions.php
I hope it will help you understand.
You can use absolute path. Use $path = $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']; to find out what your root path is then set the directory path.
Related
I currently working on a PHP project. I copy the project file to my local box. It runs fine except one thing.
Here is the folder hierarchy:
root/index.php
root/event/admin/list.php
root/event/admin/functions.php
In the index.php, there is a line:
<?php include ("event/admin/list.php"); ?>
which should include the list.php
However in the list.php, there is a line:
<?php include_once "event/admin/functions.php";?>
Since the list.php is not in the root directory, event/admin/functions.php did not get call and my local index.php fail to load this part.
But the production is working fine.
Does anyone know what happened? Is that a way to setup include/include_once always use ROOT directory without using something like $_SERVER["DOCUMENT_ROOT"]? Thanks a lot.
It is a good idea to use $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'], in my opinion. You can do so like this:
include_once($_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] . "/path/to/file.php");
However, try replacing he code in list.php with this:
<?php include_once "../../event/admin/functions.php";?>
This is a known issue relating to relative paths. Thus, DOCUMENT_ROOT is preferable. Alternatively, you can edit include_path.
Set the include path to whatever is useful for your probject.
This is a common issue related to relative paths. You can either include your files from an absolute path, or modify your include_path in php.ini to use your doc root, and specify files relative to there.
Compare the include path configuration between the two machines.
This works
<?php include("inc/c.php")?>
But in a folder past this, this does not work
<?php include("../inc/c.php")?>
I have to do
<?php include("/var/web/public_html/etc/inc/c.php")?>
I know in ASP you can enable virtual paths and directories. Is this the same with PHP?
If you're including a file from a folder, all includes are relative to the includer's file.
Therefore, the same code should work for the file in the sub-folder:
<?php include("inc/c.php")?>
You can use realpath(dirname(__FILE__)) to include files relatively to current file:
include(realpath(dirname(__FILE__).'/../inc/c.php'));
You can add directories to PHP's include_path directory. When you specify a relative file name, PHP will look for that file relative to all directories specified in the include_path.
Take a look at http://php.net/manual/en/function.set-include-path.php#example-488.
use
dirname(__file__)
it will return you path of current directory.
But in a folder past this, this does not work
Nope, it does work.
I know in ASP you can enable virtual paths and directories. Is this the same with PHP?
Yes. But whole virtual path thing has nothing to do with your case.
This is not PHP problem. This is developer's problem who is using wrong path.
To make your code fool-proof, always use absolute paths. Build paths not from current location but from the site root. So, it will be all the same in the ANY page on your site.
Most general way would be
include $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']."/etc/inc/c.php";
I am using document root to provide absolute path which is not working. if i echo this path it turns out to be C:wamp/www/proman/header.php. I i give relative path it works fine what is the problem here?
$path = $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']."proman/header.php";
I elaborate my problem here: I have 2 php files data_object.php and user.class.php. user.class.php has an include statement for data_object.php which is relative to user.class.php.These two files are under different directory hierarchy.
Now I have to include this user.class.php in various files (like projects.php, links.php) under different hierarchy when I want to create a User() object. The problem is the relative path for file inclusion of data_object.php does work for say projects.php but if I open links.php the error message says it could not open file data_object.php in user.class.php.
What I think is for relative inclusion of data_object.php it is considering the path of the file in which user.class.php is included.
I am facing such problems in more than one scenarios I have to keep my directory structure the way it is but have to find a way to work with nested includes. I am currently running on a WAMP server but after completion I have to host the solution on a domain. Pls help
Since that's a server variable, you may or may not see it, depending on which web server you're running under (especially IIS), or if something's configured weird.
One way to deal with this problem is to set the variable.
$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] = "C:/some/absolute/path";
// or, if you put this code in a file that's in your document root:
$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] = dirname(__FILE__);
Then, you can either require() this file when you need to verify the document root, or use the auto_prepend_file php.ini option to include the file automatically.
If you are actually trying to make a URL, then you just specify an absolute URL - /proman/header.php, or a relative URL - ../proman/header.php.
In my experience, $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] doesn't including a trailing slash. Try:
$path = $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'].'/proman/header.php';
i have two files:(localhost/template/)
index.php
template.php
each time when i create an article(an article system is what i'm trying to do),i create a folder and then i copy the index.php in that folder. I want to include template php in index.php but as a static url('cause the articles will be like a folder-subfolder/subfolder/.. structure )
i tried: include('localhost/template/template.php') with no result. how should i include it? thanks
The include method works on the file system path, not the "url path". Solution is to either
Give it an absolute path.
-- include('/some/path/to/template.php');
Change the relative path so it is correct after each copy you create.
-- include('../../template.php');
Change the include path of PHP so that the file is in, well, the include path.
-- Can be done either in the php.ini file, in the .htaccess file or with the set_include_path function. (Depending on how much you want to set it for, and what you have permission for)
You could include it relative to the current directory, like so:
require_once(dirname(__FILE__) . '/template.php');
dirname(FILE) will translate to the directory of the current script (index.php) and the line above will append '/template.php' resulting in the full path to the template.php side-by-side to the index.php file.
I find it best to include files this way vs without a full path to avoid issues with the PHP search path, for example. It's very explicit this way.
UPDATE: I misunderstood the original question. It sounds like template.php isn't copied, only index.php is. So you'll have something that could be like:
template/template.php
template/index.php (just a template)
foo/bar/index.php
foo/bar2/index.php
Since people can hit the foo/bar/index.php for example without funneling through a central script, you'll have to somehow find the template no matter where you are.
You can do this by setting the PHP include_path, for example through a .htaccess on a Apache server:
php_value include_path ".:/home/<snip>/template"
Then in each index.php you can include template.php and it'll search the current directory first, then try your template directory.
You could also compute the relative path when copying the script and put an include in there with the proper number of '..' to get out (e.g. '../../template/template.php'). It's kinda fragile, though.
You don't want the "localhost" in there. Includes work using the actual path on your server.
So you can either use relative ones such as posted above, or absolute in terms of server so this could be "/opt/www/" on linux or "c:\Program Files\Apache\htdocs" on windows. This will be different from system to system so to find out yours use the dirname(__FILE__) technique shown by wojo.
If you're trying to include the file as an url, you'll need to start it with http:// and have allow_url_include set to true in PHP settings. This is highly discouraged as it opens doors for security breaches.
Instead, you should either add localhost/template to your include path or use relative urls like include('../template.php').
The path looks wrong, you should include it with a path relative to where the calling file is, e.g. include('template/template.php'); or include('../template/template.php');
In HTML, I can find a file starting from the web server's root folder by beginning the filepath with "/". Like:
/images/some_image.jpg
I can put that path in any file in any subdirectory, and it will point to the right image.
With PHP, I tried something similar:
include("/includes/header.php");
...but that doesn't work.
I think that that this page is saying that I can set include_path once and after that, it will be assumed. But I don't quite get the syntax. Both examples start with a period, and it says:
Using a . in the include path allows for relative includes as it means the current directory.
Relative includes are exactly what I don't want.
How do I make sure that all my includes point to the root/includes folder? (Bonus: what if I want to place that folder outside the public directory?)
Clarification
My development files are currently being served by XAMPP/Apache. Does that affect the absolute path? (I'm not sure yet what the production server will be.)
Update
I don't know what my problem was here. The include_path thing I referenced above was exactly what I was looking for, and the syntax isn't really confusing. I just tried it and it works great.
One thing that occurs to me is that some people may have thought that "/some/path" was an "absolute path" because they assumed the OS was Linux. This server is Windows, so an absolute path would have to start with the drive name.
Anyway, problem solved! :)
What I do is put a config.php file in my root directory. This file is included by all PHP files in my project. In that config.php file, I then do the following;
define( 'ROOT_DIR', dirname(__FILE__) );
Then in all files, I know what the root of my project is and can do stuff like this
require_once( ROOT_DIR.'/include/functions.php' );
Sorry, no bonus points for getting outside of the public directory ;) This also has the unfortunate side affect that you still need a relative path for finding config.php, but it makes the rest of your includes much easier.
One strategy
I don't know if this is the best way, but it has worked for me.
$root = $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'];
include($root."/path/to/file.php");
The include_path setting works like $PATH in unix (there is a similar setting in Windows too).It contains multiple directory names, seperated by colons (:). When you include or require a file, these directories are searched in order, until a match is found or all directories are searched.
So, to make sure that your application always includes from your path if the file exists there, simply put your include dir first in the list of directories.
ini_set("include_path", "/your_include_path:".ini_get("include_path"));
This way, your include directory is searched first, and then the original search path (by default the current directory, and then PEAR). If you have no problem modifying include_path, then this is the solution for you.
There is nothing in include/require that prohibits you from using absolute an path.
so your example
include('/includes/header.php');
should work just fine. Assuming the path and file are corect and have the correct permissions set.
(and thereby allow you to include whatever file you like, in- or outside your document root)
This behaviour is however considered to be a possible security risk. Therefore, the system administrator can set the open_basedir directive.
This directive configures where you can include/require your files from and it might just be your problem.
Some control panels (plesk for example) set this directive to be the same as the document root by default.
as for the '.' syntax:
/home/username/public_html <- absolute path
public_html <- relative path
./public_html <- same as the path above
../username/public_html <- another relative path
However, I usually use a slightly different option:
require_once(__DIR__ . '/Factories/ViewFactory.php');
With this edition, you specify an absolute path, relative to the file that contains the require_once() statement.
Another option is to create a file in the $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] directory with the definition of your absolute path.
For example, if your $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] directory is
C:\wamp\www\
create a file (i.e. my_paths.php) containing this
<?php if(!defined('MY_ABS_PATH')) define('MY_ABS_PATH',$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'].'MyProyect/')
Now you only need to include in every file inside your MyProyect folder this file (my_paths.php), so you can user MY_ABS_PATH as an absolute path for MyProject.
Not directly answering your question but something to remember:
When using includes with allow_url_include on in your ini beware that, when accessing sessions from included files, if from a script you include one file using an absolute file reference and then include a second file from on your local server using a url file reference that they have different variable scope and the same session will not be seen from both included files. The original session won't be seen from the url included file.
from: http://us2.php.net/manual/en/function.include.php#84052
hey all...i had a similar problem with my cms system.
i needed a hard path for some security aspects.
think the best way is like rob wrote. for quick an dirty coding
think this works also..:-)
<?php
$path = getcwd();
$myfile = "/test.inc.php";
/*
getcwd () points to:
/usr/srv/apache/htdocs/myworkingdir (as example)
echo ($path.$myfile);
would return...
/usr/srv/apache/htdocs/myworkingdir/test.inc.php
access outside your working directory is not allowed.
*/
includ_once ($path.$myfile);
//some code
?>
nice day
strtok
I follow Wordpress's example on this one. I go and define a root path, normally the document root, and then go define a bunch of other path's along with that (one for each of my class dirs. IE: database, users, html, etc). Often I will define the root path manually instead of relying on a server variable.
Example
if($_SERVER['SERVERNAME'] == "localhost")
{
define("ABS_PATH", "/path/to/upper/most/directory"); // Manual
}
else
{
define("ABS_PATH, dirname(__FILE__));
// This defines the path as the directory of the containing file, normally a config.php
}
// define other paths...
include(ABS_PATH."/mystuff.php");
Thanks - this is one of 2 links that com up if you google for php apache windows absolute path.
As a newbie to intermed PHP developer I didnt understand why absolute paths on apache windopws systems would be c:\xampp\htdocs (apache document root - XAMPP default) instead of /
thus if in http//localhost/myapp/subfolder1/subfolder2/myfile.php I wanted to include a file from http//localhost/myapp
I would need to specify it as:
include("c:\xampp\htdocs\myapp\includeme.php")
or
include("../../includeme.php")
AND NOT
include("/myapp/includeme.php")
I've come up with a single line of code to set at top of my every php script as to compensate:
<?php if(!$root) for($i=count(explode("/",$_SERVER["PHP_SELF"]));$i>2;$i--) $root .= "../"; ?>
By this building $root to bee "../" steps up in hierarchy from wherever the file is placed.
Whenever I want to include with an absolut path the line will be:
<?php include($root."some/include/directory/file.php"); ?>
I don't really like it, seems as an awkward way to solve it, but it seem to work whatever system php runs on and wherever the file is placed, making it system independent.
To reach files outside the web directory add some more ../ after $root, e.g. $root."../external/file.txt".