sorry for the vague title... I have a problem with a php4 class that seems hard to put to words.
My class has a "possibleValues" array, that holds information on what kind of values are acceptable for certain attributes that can be changed from the outside. In my pseudocode example below you can see that I have attributes that share the same acceptable values (colors). Obviously, the $this->colors in my code fails, because you can't define one class variable via another (can you?).
How would I go about setting a common colors array that I could reference like this so I don't have to repeat the same valid options for different fields that allow the same values?
Class MyTest {
var $colors = array('red', 'yellow', 'blue');
var $possibleValues = array(
'someAttribute', array(0,1),
'someEmotions', array('happy, 'sad'),
--> 'someColorableAttribute', $this->colors,
--> 'someOtherColorableAttribute', $this->colors,
);
...
}
In answer to your question, you should set the variable in the constructor. In PHP4, which you really shouldn't be using, the constructor should have the name of the class.
function MyTest()
{
$this->var = $this->colors;
}
If you don't want to set the $possibleValues in constructor, you can try this approach:
PHP 4
class MyTest {
var $colors = array('red', 'yellow', 'blue');
var $possibleValues = array(
'someAttribute' => array(0,1),
'someEmotions' => array('happy', 'sad'),
'someColorableAttribute' => 'colors',
'someOtherColorableAttribute' => 'colors',
);
function getPossibleValues($attr) {
//no attribute, empty list
if (!array_key_exists($attr, $this->possibleValues))
return array();
$possible_values = $this->possibleValues[$attr];
//value is a string, check for object variable with such name
if (is_string($possible_values)) {
if (!array_key_exists($possible_values, get_object_vars($this)))
return array();
return $this->$possible_values;
}
return $possible_values;
}
}
$a = new MyTest();
var_dump($a->getPossibleValues('someAttribute'));
var_dump($a->getPossibleValues('someEmotions'));
var_dump($a->getPossibleValues('someColorableAttribute'));
var_dump($a->getPossibleValues('someOtherColorableAttribute'));
I'm using get_object_vars since property_exists don't exist in PHP 4.
PHP 5 (class constant)
class MyTest {
const COLORS = 'red|yellow|blue';
private $possibleValues = array(
'someAttribute' => array(0,1),
'someEmotions' => array('happy', 'sad'),
'someColorableAttribute' => self::COLORS,
'someOtherColorableAttribute' => self::COLORS,
);
public function getPossibleValues($attr) {
//no attribute, empty list
if (!array_key_exists($attr, $this->possibleValues))
return array();
$possible_values = $this->possibleValues[$attr];
//value is a string, explode it around |
if (is_string($possible_values)) {
return explode('|', $possible_values);
}
return $possible_values;
}
}
Related
I have some property $abc (type array) in object:
$this->abc = array(
'id' => 123,
'status' => 'close'
);
There is some solution to using this property as array or string? Like that:
echo $this->abc; // return first element of array: 123
echo $this->abc['status']; // return element by key: close
Maybe getter and setter or Reflection?
EDIT:
I prepare some like this, but all returns id value:
class Test {
private $abc;
public function __construct() {
$this->abc = array(
'id' => '123',
'status' => 'close'
);
}
public function __get($key) {
if ($key === 'abc') {
echo $this->abc['id'];
}
}
}
$t = new Test();
echo $t->abc['id']; // return 123 - correct!
echo $t->abc['status']; // return 123 - incorrect, should be return 'close' string
echo $t->abc; // return 123 - correct
Any suggestion?
Actually you can't do exactly what your example shows.
Magic methods (what a silly name, btw) simply allow you to get and set properties, so that some_object->a can be handled with custom code, but you cannot tell PHP to handle
some_object->a and some_object->a[0] differently.
You are free to have your custom getter return an int, an array or an elephant, but that's it.
EDIT: Your code does nothing but print abc['id'] each time the property is referenced.
abc is still handled as any plain old property.
Let's replace echo with return
public function __get($key) {
if ($key === 'abc') {
return$this->abc['id'];
}
}
Now whenever you reference abc, the getter gives you "123".
Demonstration:
echo $t->abc['id']; // 'id' evaluates to 0, so result is "1" ("123"[0])
echo $t->abc['status']; // same thing
echo $t->abc; // "123" - correct (of sorts)
echo $t->abc[1]; // "2" (2nd character of "123")
You are also free do do stupid things like that:
class fairytale {
private static $handsome =
array ("Prince Valliant", "Superman", "Flash Gordon");
private static $ugly =
array ("Michael Moore", "Condoleezza Rice", "Ronald McDonald");
function __get ($prop)
{
if ($prop=='frog')
return self::$handsome;
if (preg_match ('/^frog\\[([0-9]*)\\]$/', $prop, $res))
return self::$ugly[$res[1]];
}
}
function kiss ($prince)
{
echo "$prince appears in a puff of smoke...\n";
}
$pond = new fairytale();
$frog1 = $pond->frog[0]; // <-- array subscript parsed before getter is called
$frog2 = 'frog[0]';
$frog2 = $pond->$frog2; // <-- array subscript parsed inside getter
kiss ($frog1);
kiss ($frog2); // <--- surprise!
As a side note, abusing custom getters/setters to turn frogs into princes might be a lot of fun and a fine display of PHP expertise, but it's unlikely to produce readable and maintainable code.
Just my opinion, of course.
If you want to process the value when fetch or set the value, you can use __get / __set
You can use magic methods __set and __get, for example
class someClass{
private $_arr = array();
public function __set($key, $val){
if(!array_key_exists($key, $this->_arr)){
$this->_arr[$key] = array();
}
$this->_arr[$key] = array_merge($this->_arr[$key], (array)$val);
}
public function &__get($key) {
return $this->_arr[$key];
}
}
$obj = new someClass();
$obj->setvalue = array(5,6,7);
$obj->setvalue = 4;
You could also just do
reset($this->abc);
for the first element.
i'm trying to build an array from an Object in PHP. I only want certain properties from the object but I don;t know what they will be each time. The names of the properties I need are stored in an array. Here is how my code works currently:
// Hard-coded attributes 'colour' and 'size'
while ($objVariants->next())
{
$arrVariants[] = array
(
'pid' => $objVariants->pid,
'size' => $objVariants->size,
'colour' => $objVariants->colour,
'price' => $objVariants->price
);
}
Instead of hard coding the attributes (colour and size) I want to use variables, this is because it may not always be colour and size depending on what the user has set in the CMS. For example:
$arrVariantAttr = $this->getVariantAttr(); // Get the names of the custom variants and put them in an array e.g colour, size
while ($objVariants->next())
{
$arrVariants[] = array
(
'pid' => $objVariants->pid,
foreach($arrVariantAttr as $attr)
{
$attr['name'] => $objVariants-> . $attr['name']; // Get each variant out of the object and put into an array
}
'price' => $objVariants->price
);
}
The above code doesn't work, but hopefully it illustrates what i'm trying to do. Any help would be appreciated, thank you!
You could use get_object_vars() to get all variables of an object:
$arrVariants[] = get_object_vars($objVariants);
In order to exclude specific properties from the object you could do like this:
$arrVariants = get_object_vars($objVariants);
// array containing object properties to exclude
$exclude = array('name');
// walk over array and unset keys located in the exclude array
array_walk($arrVariants, function($val,$key) use(&$arrVariants, $exclude) {
if(in_array($key, $exclude)) {
unset($arrVariants[$key]);
}
});
You could create an array in the object containing the attributes:
$objVariants->attr['pid']
You can also use magic methods to make you object array like.
It sounds like what you really want is sub-classes or a Factory pattern.
For instance you could have a basic product object
class Product {
protected $_id;
protected $_sku;
protected $_name;
...
etc.
//getters and setters
etc.
}
... and then use sub-classes to extend that product
final class Book extends Product {
private $_isbn;
private $_language;
private $_numPages;
...
etc.
public function __construct() {
parent::__construct();
}
//getters and setters
etc.
}
That way your product types have all the attributes they need and you don't need to try and run around with an "attributes" array - though your CMS needs to be able to support product types (so that if someone wants to add a new book, the fields relevant to books appear in the CMS)... it's just a slightly more OO approach to the problem.
You could then factory pattern it; something like (a really basic example):
class ProductFactory {
const TYPE_BOOK = 'Book';
const TYPE_CD = 'CD';
const TYPE_DVD = 'DVD';
...
etc.
public static function createProduct($sProductType) {
if(class_exists($sProductType)) {
return new $sProductType();
}
else {
//throw an exception
}
}
}
You can then generate new products with something like:
$oWarAndPeace = ProductFactory::createProduct('Book')
or better yet:
$oWarAndPeace = ProductFactory::createProduct(ProductFactory::TYPE_BOOK)
Try something like this:
$arrVariants[] = Array(
'pid' => $objVariants->pid,
'price' => $objVariants->price
);
while( $objVariants->next() )
{
foreach( $arrVariantAttr as $attr )
{
end($arrVariants)[$attr['name']] = $objVariants->$attr['name'];
}
}
I know that it is possible to call a function with a variable number of parameters with call_user_func_array() found here -> http://php.net/manual/en/function.call-user-func-array.php . What I want to do is nearly identical, but instead of a function, I want to call a PHP class with a variable number of parameters in it's constructor.
It would work something like the below, but I won't know the number of parameters, so I won't know how to instantiate the class.
<?php
//The class name will be pulled dynamically from another source
$myClass = '\Some\Dynamically\Generated\Class';
//The parameters will also be pulled from another source, for simplicity I
//have used two parameters. There could be 0, 1, 2, N, ... parameters
$myParameters = array ('dynamicparam1', 'dynamicparam2');
//The instantiated class needs to be called with 0, 1, 2, N, ... parameters
//not just two parameters.
$myClassInstance = new $myClass($myParameters[0], $myParameters[1]);
You can do the following using ReflectionClass
$myClass = '\Some\Dynamically\Generated\a';
$myParameters = array ('dynamicparam1', 'dynamicparam2');
$reflection = new \ReflectionClass($myClass);
$myClassInstance = $reflection->newInstanceArgs($myParameters);
PHP manual: http://www.php.net/manual/en/reflectionclass.newinstanceargs.php
Edit:
In php 5.6 you can achieve this with Argument unpacking.
$myClass = '\Some\Dynamically\Generated\a';
$myParameters = ['dynamicparam1', 'dynamicparam2'];
$myClassInstance = new $myClass(...$myParameters);
I implement this approach a lot when function args are > 2, rather then end up with an Christmas list of arguments which must be in a specific order, I simply pass in an associative array. By passing in an associative array, I can check for necessary and optional args and handle missing values as needed. Something like:
class MyClass
{
protected $requiredArg1;
protected $optionalArg1;
public function __construct(array $options = array())
{
// Check for a necessary arg
if (!isset($options['requiredArg1'])) {
throw new Exception('Missing requiredArg1');
}
// Now I can just localize
$requiredArg1 = $options['requiredArg1'];
$optionalArg1 = (isset($options['optionalArg1'])) ? $options['optionalArg1'] : null;
// Now that you have localized args, do what you want
$this->requiredArg1 = $requiredArg1;
$this->optionalArg1 = $optionalArg1;
}
}
// Example call
$class = 'MyClass';
$array = array('requiredArg1' => 'Foo!', 'optionalArg1' => 'Bar!');
$instance = new $class($array);
var_dump($instance->getRequiredArg1());
var_dump($instance->getOptionalArg1());
I highly recommend using an associative array, however it is possible to use a 0-index array. You will have to be extremely careful when constructing the array and account for indices that have meaning, otherwise you will pass in an array with offset args and wreck havoc with your function.
You can do that using func_get_args().
class my_class {
function __construct( $first = NULL ) {
$params = func_get_args();
if( is_array( $first ) )
$params = $first;
// the $params array will contain the
// arguments passed to the child function
foreach( $params as $p )
echo "Param: $p\n";
}
}
function my_function() {
$instance = new my_class( func_get_args() );
}
echo "you can still create my_class instances like normal:";
$instance = new my_class( "one", "two", "three" );
echo "\n\n\n";
echo "but also through my_function:";
my_function( "one", "two", "three" );
Basically, you simply pass the result of func_get_args to the constructor of your class, and let it decide whether it is being called with an array of arguments from that function, or whether it is being called normally.
This code outputs
you can still create my_class instances like normal:
Param: one
Param: two
Param: three
but also through my_function:
Param: one
Param: two
Param: three
Hope that helps.
I've found here
Is there a call_user_func() equivalent to create a new class instance?
the example:
function createInstance($className, array $arguments = array())
{
if(class_exists($className)) {
return call_user_func_array(array(
new ReflectionClass($className), 'newInstance'),
$arguments);
}
return false;
}
But can somebody tell me if there is an example for classes with protected constructors?
When trying to call a function in a child class with an arbitrary set of parameters, I'm having the following problem:
class Base{
function callDerived($method,$params){
call_user_func_array(array($this,$method),$params);
}
}
class Derived extends Base{
function test($foo,$bar){
print "foo=$foo, bar=$bar\n";
}
}
$d = new Derived();
$d->callDerived('test',array('bar'=>'2','foo'=>1));
Outputs:
foo=2, bar=1
Which... is not exactly what I wanted - is there a way to achieve this beyond re-composing the array with the index order of func_get_args? And yes, of course, I could simply pass the whole array and deal with it in the function... but that's not what I want to do.
Thanks
No. PHP does not support named parameters. Only the order of parameters is taken into account. You could probably take the code itself apart using the ReflectionClass to inspect the function parameter names, but in the end you'd need to use this to reorder the array anyway.
The stock PHP class ReflectionMethod is your friend.
Example:
class MyClass {
function myFunc($param1, $param2, $param3='myDefault') {
print "test";
}
}
$refm = new ReflectionMethod('MyClass', 'myFunc');
foreach ($refm->getParameters() as $p)
print "$p\n";
And the result:
Parameter #0 [ <required> $param1 ]
Parameter #1 [ <required> $param2 ]
Parameter #2 [ <optional> $param3 = 'myDefault' ]
At this point you know the names of the parameters of the target function. With this information you can modify your method 'callDerived', and you can re-order the array to call_user_func_array according to the parameter names.
Good news, I had the same concern (I was looking for named arguments in PHP, like Python does), and found this useful tool : https://github.com/PHP-DI/Invoker
This uses the reflection API to feed a callable with some arguments from an array and also use optional arguments defaults for other parameters that are not defined in the array.
$invoker = new Invoker\Invoker;
$result = $invoker->call(array($object, 'method'), array(
"strName" => "Lorem",
"strValue" => "ipsum",
"readOnly" => true,
"size" => 55,
));
Have fun
UPDATE: PHP 8 Now supports named parameters. And it works with call_user_func_array if you pass an associative array. So you can simply do this:
<?php
function myFunc($foo, $bar) {
echo "foo=$foo, bar=$bar\n";
}
call_user_func_array('myFunc', ['bar' => 2, 'foo' => 1]);
// Outputs: foo=1, bar=2
In your code, you'll be happy to know that you don't have to change a thing. Just upgrade to PHP 8 and it'll work as you expected
You can simply pass an array and extract:
function add($arr){
extract($arr, EXTR_REFS);
return $one+$two;
}
$one = 1;
$two = 2;
echo add(compact('one', 'two')); // 3
This will extract as references, so there is close to no overhead.
I use a bitmask instead of boolean parameters:
// Ingredients
define ('TOMATO', 0b0000001);
define ('CHEESE', 0b0000010);
define ('OREGANO', 0b0000100);
define ('MUSHROOMS', 0b0001000);
define ('SALAMI', 0b0010000);
define ('PEPERONI', 0b0100000);
define ('ONIONS', 0b1000000);
function pizza ($ingredients) {
$serving = 'Pizza with';
$serving .= ($ingredients&TOMATO)?' Tomato':'';
$serving .= ($ingredients&CHEESE)?' Cheese':'';
$serving .= ($ingredients&OREGANO)?' Oregano':'';
$serving .= ($ingredients&MUSHROOMS)?' Mushrooms':'';
$serving .= ($ingredients&SALAMI)?' Salami':'';
$serving .= ($ingredients&ONIONS)?' Onions':'';
return trim($serving)."\n" ;
}
// Now order your pizzas!
echo pizza(TOMATO | CHEESE | SALAMI);
echo pizza(ONIONS | TOMATO | MUSHROOMS | CHEESE); // "Params" are not positional
For those who still might stumble on the question (like I did), here is my approach:
since PHP 5.6 you can use ... as mentioned here:
In this case you could use something like this:
class Base{
function callDerived($method,...$params){
call_user_func_array(array($this,$method),$params);
}
}
class Derived extends Base{
function test(...$params){
foreach ($params as $arr) {
extract($arr);
}
print "foo=$foo, bar=$bar\n";
}
}
$d = new Derived();
$d->callDerived('test',array('bar'=>'2'),array('foo'=>1));
//print: foo=1, bar=2
There is a way to do it and is using arrays (the most easy way):
class Test{
public $a = false;
private $b = false;
public $c = false;
public $d = false;
public $e = false;
public function _factory(){
$args = func_get_args();
$args = $args[0];
$this->a = array_key_exists("a",$args) ? $args["a"] : 0;
$this->b = array_key_exists("b",$args) ? $args["b"] : 0;
$this->c = array_key_exists("c",$args) ? $args["c"] : 0;
$this->d = array_key_exists("d",$args) ? $args["d"] : 0;
$this->e = array_key_exists("e",$args) ? $args["e"] : 0;
}
public function show(){
var_dump($this);
}
}
$test = new Test();
$args["c"]=999;
$test->_factory($args);
$test->show();
a full explanation can be found in my blog:
http://www.tbogard.com/2013/03/07/passing-named-arguments-to-a-function-in-php/
This failed:
define('DEFAULT_ROLES', array('guy', 'development team'));
Apparently, constants can't hold arrays. What is the best way to get around this?
define('DEFAULT_ROLES', 'guy|development team');
//...
$default = explode('|', DEFAULT_ROLES);
This seems like unnecessary effort.
Since PHP 5.6, you can declare an array constant with const:
<?php
const DEFAULT_ROLES = array('guy', 'development team');
The short syntax works too, as you'd expect:
<?php
const DEFAULT_ROLES = ['guy', 'development team'];
If you have PHP 7, you can finally use define(), just as you had first tried:
<?php
define('DEFAULT_ROLES', array('guy', 'development team'));
PHP 5.6+ introduced const arrays - see Andrea Faulds' answer.
You can also serialize your array and then put it into the constant:
# define constant, serialize array
define ("FRUITS", serialize (array ("apple", "cherry", "banana")));
# use it
$my_fruits = unserialize (FRUITS);
You can store them as static variables of a class:
class Constants {
public static $array = array('guy', 'development team');
}
# Warning: array can be changed lateron, so this is not a real constant value:
Constants::$array[] = 'newValue';
If you don't like the idea that the array can be changed by others, a getter might help:
class Constants {
private static $array = array('guy', 'development team');
public static function getArray() {
return self::$array;
}
}
$constantArray = Constants::getArray();
EDIT
Since PHP5.4, it is even possible to access array values without the need for intermediate variables, i.e. the following works:
$x = Constants::getArray()['index'];
If you are using PHP 5.6 or above, use Andrea Faulds answer
I am using it like this. I hope, it will help others.
config.php
class app{
private static $options = array(
'app_id' => 'hello',
);
public static function config($key){
return self::$options[$key];
}
}
In file, where I need constants.
require('config.php');
print_r(app::config('app_id'));
This is what I use. It is similar to the example provided by soulmerge, but this way you can get the full array or just a single value in the array.
class Constants {
private static $array = array(0 => 'apple', 1 => 'orange');
public static function getArray($index = false) {
return $index !== false ? self::$array[$index] : self::$array;
}
}
Use it like this:
Constants::getArray(); // Full array
// OR
Constants::getArray(1); // Value of 1 which is 'orange'
You can store it as a JSON string in a constant. And application point of view, JSON can be useful in other cases.
define ("FRUITS", json_encode(array ("apple", "cherry", "banana")));
$fruits = json_decode (FRUITS);
var_dump($fruits);
PHP 7+
As of PHP 7, you can just use the define() function to define a constant array :
define('ANIMALS', [
'dog',
'cat',
'bird'
]);
echo ANIMALS[1]; // outputs "cat"
I know it's a bit old question, but here is my solution:
<?php
class Constant {
private $data = [];
public function define($constant, $value) {
if (!isset($this->data[$constant])) {
$this->data[$constant] = $value;
} else {
trigger_error("Cannot redefine constant $constant", E_USER_WARNING);
}
}
public function __get($constant) {
if (isset($this->data[$constant])) {
return $this->data[$constant];
} else {
trigger_error("Use of undefined constant $constant - assumed '$constant'", E_USER_NOTICE);
return $constant;
}
}
public function __set($constant,$value) {
$this->define($constant, $value);
}
}
$const = new Constant;
I defined it because I needed to store objects and arrays in constants so I installed also runkit to php so I could make the $const variable superglobal.
You can use it as $const->define("my_constant",array("my","values")); or just $const->my_constant = array("my","values");
To get the value just simply call $const->my_constant;
Yes, You can define an array as constant. From PHP 5.6 onwards, it is possible to define a constant as a scalar expression, and it is also possible to define an array constant. It is possible to define constants as a resource, but it should be avoided, as it can cause unexpected results.
<?php
// Works as of PHP 5.3.0
const CONSTANT = 'Hello World';
echo CONSTANT;
// Works as of PHP 5.6.0
const ANOTHER_CONST = CONSTANT.'; Goodbye World';
echo ANOTHER_CONST;
const ANIMALS = array('dog', 'cat', 'bird');
echo ANIMALS[1]; // outputs "cat"
// Works as of PHP 7
define('ANIMALS', array(
'dog',
'cat',
'bird'
));
echo ANIMALS[1]; // outputs "cat"
?>
With the reference of this link
Have a happy coding.
Can even work with Associative Arrays.. for example in a class.
class Test {
const
CAN = [
"can bark", "can meow", "can fly"
],
ANIMALS = [
self::CAN[0] => "dog",
self::CAN[1] => "cat",
self::CAN[2] => "bird"
];
static function noParameter() {
return self::ANIMALS[self::CAN[0]];
}
static function withParameter($which, $animal) {
return "who {$which}? a {$animal}.";
}
}
echo Test::noParameter() . "s " . Test::CAN[0] . ".<br>";
echo Test::withParameter(
array_keys(Test::ANIMALS)[2], Test::ANIMALS["can fly"]
);
// dogs can bark.
// who can fly? a bird.
if you're using PHP 7 & 7+, you can use fetch like this as well
define('TEAM', ['guy', 'development team']);
echo TEAM[0];
// output from system will be "guy"
Using explode and implode function we can improvise a solution :
$array = array('lastname', 'email', 'phone');
define('DEFAULT_ROLES', implode (',' , $array));
echo explode(',' ,DEFAULT_ROLES ) [1];
This will echo email.
If you want it to optimize it more you can define 2 functions to do the repetitive things for you like this :
//function to define constant
function custom_define ($const , $array) {
define($const, implode (',' , $array));
}
//function to access constant
function return_by_index ($index,$const = DEFAULT_ROLES) {
$explodedResult = explode(',' ,$const ) [$index];
if (isset ($explodedResult))
return explode(',' ,$const ) [$index] ;
}
Hope that helps . Happy coding .
Doing some sort of ser/deser or encode/decode trick seems ugly and requires you to remember what exactly you did when you are trying to use the constant. I think the class private static variable with accessor is a decent solution, but I'll do you one better. Just have a public static getter method that returns the definition of the constant array. This requires a minimum of extra code and the array definition cannot be accidentally modified.
class UserRoles {
public static function getDefaultRoles() {
return array('guy', 'development team');
}
}
initMyRoles( UserRoles::getDefaultRoles() );
If you want to really make it look like a defined constant you could give it an all caps name, but then it would be confusing to remember to add the '()' parentheses after the name.
class UserRoles {
public static function DEFAULT_ROLES() { return array('guy', 'development team'); }
}
//but, then the extra () looks weird...
initMyRoles( UserRoles::DEFAULT_ROLES() );
I suppose you could make the method global to be closer to the define() functionality you were asking for, but you really should scope the constant name anyhow and avoid globals.
You can define like this
define('GENERIC_DOMAIN',json_encode(array(
'gmail.com','gmail.co.in','yahoo.com'
)));
$domains = json_decode(GENERIC_DOMAIN);
var_dump($domains);
Constants can only contain scalar values, I suggest you store the serialization (or JSON encoded representation) of the array.
If you are looking this from 2009, and you don't like AbstractSingletonFactoryGenerators, here are a few other options.
Remember, arrays are "copied" when assigned, or in this case, returned, so you are practically getting the same array every time. (See copy-on-write behaviour of arrays in PHP.)
function FRUITS_ARRAY(){
return array('chicken', 'mushroom', 'dirt');
}
function FRUITS_ARRAY(){
static $array = array('chicken', 'mushroom', 'dirt');
return $array;
}
function WHAT_ANIMAL( $key ){
static $array = (
'Merrick' => 'Elephant',
'Sprague' => 'Skeleton',
'Shaun' => 'Sheep',
);
return $array[ $key ];
}
function ANIMAL( $key = null ){
static $array = (
'Merrick' => 'Elephant',
'Sprague' => 'Skeleton',
'Shaun' => 'Sheep',
);
return $key !== null ? $array[ $key ] : $array;
}