I'm trying to figure out how to get my php includes to work properly from files in different directories.
For example, I have a header.php for my layout which is included in the index.php - it's located in the root/ directory. Then, I have a page located at root/pages/etc/lib.php - It also needs to use the header.php. Now, obviously I could do a include "header.php" for the index and a include "../../header.php" for the lib.php file, but then I run into another issue...
My header.php also has a php include of it's own, and the relative path is relative to the original page (index.php or lib.php) and NOT the header.php.
Is the solution to simply give the full URL for the includes or is there another way to do this? Can I do URL for any included php files and it will work?
Most servers don't allow http wrappers in includes. You can do it with the document root:
$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']
You can put it in a var and use it with every include. (Or define it)
One way to do it:
include $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'].$pathToYourIncludeFileOnTheServer;
Another is to set the php include_path in the php.ini. If you include a file php looks in the directories specified in include_path if a file is matching the include and if so chooses that file.
Including directly via http://www.server.com/include.php is often a problem since allow_url_include is sometimes disabled in the php.ini if you are using a free webhosting or something comparable.
Related
I have a site which has a tree as follow:
public_html/
index.php
lang.fr.php
lang.en.php
lang.php
description/
index.php
lang.fr.php
lang.en.php
... (lots of directory basically like description)
All index.php include lang.php, which is supposed to include each pages' version of lang.fr.php or lang.en.php. However, if I simply put
include("lang.{$lang}.php");
it includes the lang.fr.php of the lang.php's directory.
Is it possible or do I have to put lang.php's content in each pages?
I think the problem is that include() is simply doing what it is suppose to, which is include files from it's configured include_path.
You can actually update the include path in your PHP Configuration file, or better yet, update the include_path ONLY for the duration of the script, if that is your desire, using the set_include_path() function. The simplest solution would be simply typing the entire path in include().
Here is some documentation:
http://php.net/manual/en/function.set-include-path.php
assign __DIR__ to a variable before the include, and use that variable to include the appropriate language file
I have a php file outside my webroot in which I want to include a file that is inside the webroot.
folder outside webroot
- > php file in which I want to include
webroot
- > file to include
So I have to go one directory up, but this doesnt work:
include('../webroot/file-to-include.php');
Include full path doesn't work either:
include('home/xx/xx/domains/mydomain/webroot/file-to-include.php');
How can I accomplish this?
Full path should be:
include('/home/xx/xx/domains/mydomain/webroot/file-to-include.php');
Or you should set the path like:
include(__DIR__ . '/../webroot/file-to-include.php'); // php version >= 5.3
include(dirname(__FILE__) . '/../webroot/file-to-include.php'); // php version < 5.3
Have this in a common file, shared by all your php sources outside the webroot:
<?php
define('PATH_TO_WEBROOT', '/home/xx/xx/domains/mydomain/webroot');
And then use the following to include files.
<?php
include (PATH_TO_WEBROOT.'/file-to-include.php');
If the location of your webroot changes, you will only have to change that once in your code base.
You can configure php to automatically prepend a given file to all your scripts, by setting the auto_prepend_file directive. That file could for instance contain the PATH_TO_WEBROOT constant, or require_once the file which contains it. This setting can be done on a per domain or per host basis (see the ini sections documentation).
Also, consider using the autoload feature if you are using classes extensively.
Try prepending a trailing slash to your full path, so it looks like
include('/home/xx/xx/domains/mydomain/webroot/file-to-include.php');
Otherwise, it will be interpreted as a relative path.
You could also try to change the dir into the webroot and see if this works - for debuggign purposes:
chdir("/home/xx/xx/domains/mydomain/webroot");
include "your_file.php";
I put the secured data in the file named conn.txt,
and then I used the following PHP command:
$DbInfoFile = "../conn.txt";
Fast forward to the current day (2021), an alternative method is to simply add the PHP include_path directive into your php.ini (or user.ini) to point to the includes folder, wherever it is (inside or outside the public root). This method blends the ease of changing one line of code in your project without touching the the PHP code at all. I have no idea if this works on a Windows box since I'm on CentOS.
Example: include_path = ".:/home/{acct-name}/{include-path}" (this would be one level up from public_html or whatever your public folder is called)
This blended approach allows you to simply invoke include 'file-to-include.php'; in your PHP code without going through the whole hassle of defining the root, while retaining the flexibility of changing the includes file by modifying only one line of code sitewide.
By the way, you can have multiple include locations. In that case, you can separate the two locations with a colon such as include_path = ".:/home/{acct-name}/{include-path-1}:/home/{acct-name}/{include-path-2}".
This should work
$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']/home/xx/xx/domains/mydomain/webroot/file-to-include.php
And make sure you have access to that level.
I created initialize.php to define my project's root directory.
defined('DS') ? null : define('DS', DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR);
defined('SITE_ROOT') ? null : define('SITE_ROOT', DS.'works'.DS.'myproject');
I include it with something like this from any directory.
require_once("../includes/initialize.php");
and I include other files easier. I am going to upload the files to server, then I should only change the initialize.php file.
It works. But, when I use user friendly URL's, and call ajax files from it, I don't know my directory hierarchy to include initialize.php.
I don't want to do this:
require_once("/works/myproject/includes/initialize.php");
for every file. Because it is going to change when I upload everytime.
I don't want to use session or cookie for everyuser.
There should be a trick for this but I couldn't find. Is there a way for getting project root from anywhere while using user friendly URL's and ajax calls?
I fixed it.
when I call it with ajax it's ok. But I included it as php too for some conditions.
Because of current and the ajax files are in different folders, it crashed.
So, when I change it to only require initialize.php when called with ajax, problem solved.
If you're using Apache, you could try adding your includes directory to your include_path directive.
Find the current value by doing a phpinfo() and look for include_path and then try re-declaring it in your top-level web directory and add the absolute path to your includes directory.
So if the default value is:
include_path = ".:/usr/bin/php:/some/other/directory"
just copy-paste the same thing in your .htaccess file but add your include directory on the end, separating it with a colon.
include_path = ".:/usr/bin/php:/some/other/directory:/works/myproject/includes"
and that way you shouldn't have to reference the absolute path every time.
This all depends on the permissions your web host gives you. There are other (easier) ways to do this, but I find that most of them are usually restricted by hosting providers, and manually setting it via .htaccess is usually the most dependable way to get this done.
Here's a page listing a few different ways: Five ways to create include path for PHP
Simply doing this:
require_once("../includes/initialize.php");
is enough because PHP doesn't look at your friendly URLs. It includes whatever you give him to include relative to your script.
Also there is $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] that will give you an absolute path from your root directory.
It is a good approach to define all your directories in a common file as you added initialize.php. You will have to include this common file in every file on the project. User friendly url's have no effect on the file inclusion.
I have a site where the PHP include path is /usr/share/php
Within this path I have a sub-folder containing some utility files, e.g. /usr/share/php/utils. my_session.php is one of these utility files.
My application calls
require ("my_session.php");
and this works even though the file is actually within the utils folder.
I am trying to replicate this site in another installation and I am getting the error:
Failed opening required 'my_session.php' (include_path='.:/usr/share/php)
My question is:
Should the php include path also include files in sub-folders in the include path?
This appears to be the case on my original site and I don't know why the behaviour seems to be different on the second site.
According to PHP documentation when you try to include a file, only paths listed in the include_path directive are checked. PHP is not supposed to check their subfolders.
My guess would be that this fails because you are using a relative path for the require.
Your include_path is defined as .:/usr/share/php. That means only two folders will be checked when require('my_session.php') gets executed:
the current path
the folder /usr/share/php
I don't know your folder structure, so let's just imagine one:
my_project
- app
-- index.php
- lib
-- my_session.php
Now, if my_project/app/index.php tries to require('my_session.php') this will fail, because the current folder at the time executing the require is my_project/app/ and there is no file entry of my_session.php relative to my_project/app/ (it's relative to my_project/lib/ instead).
Long story short: Try to to use an absolute path instead of your relative one, e.g.
require('/var/www/html/my_project/lib/my_session.php');
Edit: removed and its subfolders, which was wrong. Too much __autoload in my brain^^
Two solutions:
Add /usr/share/php/utils to your include_path.
or
Include your file with require ("utils/my_session.php");
i have two files:(localhost/template/)
index.php
template.php
each time when i create an article(an article system is what i'm trying to do),i create a folder and then i copy the index.php in that folder. I want to include template php in index.php but as a static url('cause the articles will be like a folder-subfolder/subfolder/.. structure )
i tried: include('localhost/template/template.php') with no result. how should i include it? thanks
The include method works on the file system path, not the "url path". Solution is to either
Give it an absolute path.
-- include('/some/path/to/template.php');
Change the relative path so it is correct after each copy you create.
-- include('../../template.php');
Change the include path of PHP so that the file is in, well, the include path.
-- Can be done either in the php.ini file, in the .htaccess file or with the set_include_path function. (Depending on how much you want to set it for, and what you have permission for)
You could include it relative to the current directory, like so:
require_once(dirname(__FILE__) . '/template.php');
dirname(FILE) will translate to the directory of the current script (index.php) and the line above will append '/template.php' resulting in the full path to the template.php side-by-side to the index.php file.
I find it best to include files this way vs without a full path to avoid issues with the PHP search path, for example. It's very explicit this way.
UPDATE: I misunderstood the original question. It sounds like template.php isn't copied, only index.php is. So you'll have something that could be like:
template/template.php
template/index.php (just a template)
foo/bar/index.php
foo/bar2/index.php
Since people can hit the foo/bar/index.php for example without funneling through a central script, you'll have to somehow find the template no matter where you are.
You can do this by setting the PHP include_path, for example through a .htaccess on a Apache server:
php_value include_path ".:/home/<snip>/template"
Then in each index.php you can include template.php and it'll search the current directory first, then try your template directory.
You could also compute the relative path when copying the script and put an include in there with the proper number of '..' to get out (e.g. '../../template/template.php'). It's kinda fragile, though.
You don't want the "localhost" in there. Includes work using the actual path on your server.
So you can either use relative ones such as posted above, or absolute in terms of server so this could be "/opt/www/" on linux or "c:\Program Files\Apache\htdocs" on windows. This will be different from system to system so to find out yours use the dirname(__FILE__) technique shown by wojo.
If you're trying to include the file as an url, you'll need to start it with http:// and have allow_url_include set to true in PHP settings. This is highly discouraged as it opens doors for security breaches.
Instead, you should either add localhost/template to your include path or use relative urls like include('../template.php').
The path looks wrong, you should include it with a path relative to where the calling file is, e.g. include('template/template.php'); or include('../template/template.php');