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Which design concept is better in PHP; passing variable to the function myFunct() or not passing the variable?
<?php
class A{
public $myvar=1;
public function myFunc($myvar){
$this->myvar=$myvar+1;
}
}
$myA=new A();
$myA->myFunc($myA->myvar);
// OR THIS ONE
class A{
public $myvar=1;
public function myFunc(){
$this->myvar=$this->myvar+1;
}
}
$myA=new A();
$myA->myFunc();
?>
Here is maybe a better example of what I am trying to understand:
class PhotosBasicClasses{
protected $srcImage;
protected $fileImageTypeFlag;
public function createThumb($srcImage,$fileImageTypeFlag){
$this->srcImage=$srcImage;
$this->fileImageTypeFlag=$fileImageTypeFlag;
$resourceNewImage=$this->imageCreateFromFormat($srcImage,$fileImageTypeFlag); //with or without the parameters is better?!
}
protected function imageCreateFromFormat($srcImage,$fileImageTypeFlag){
switch($fileImageTypeFlag){ //this is my problem: would be better to use the class variable or the internal variable($fileImageTypeFlag or $this->fileImageTypeFlag )
case 'jpeg': return imagecreatefromjpeg($srcImage);break;
case 'png': return imagecreatefrompng($srcImage);break;
case 'gif': return imagecreatefromgif($srcImage);break;
default: return "error source file format";
}
}
Generally keep at class scope variables describing your class and usually required by most of your "important"(methods tha also describe what the class can do or has) methods.
At first glance, in your case the method imageCreateFromFormat($srcImage,$fileImageTypeFlag) looks fine and self contained . But the method createThumb if all it does is what you posted then remove it along with the two class variables and rename the other method to createThumb.
If it is unfinished and after calling the method imageCreateFromFormat is going to crop the image and create a thumbnail, then there is no reason to have class scope variables you can remove them unless you plan to rename the class and add a bunch of methods that use these two variables.
Finally, care must be taken with class names, it is not good practice to use plural and the word class.
Neither of this examples is good. If you want to have object variable it's better to make it private.
By the way, your examples is doing differnt tasks, becouse first gets variable through function params increments it by one and save to object variable and second example only increments object variable by one.
Instead of "$this->myvar = $this->myvar+1;" you can use "$this->myvar++;"
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I'm new in PHP OOP and curious about method. How to make method inside method (I dont know what its name)?
For example, I can access like this
<?php
$myClass = new CarClass;
$myClass->createNew->bodySection->setColor("red");
Just like Codeigniter for calling a Models or Library using this.
<?php
$this->myLibrary->getData()
It's different from method chaining where between method call there is no parameter, its like javascript.
Can I achieve that? Or any alternative?
Thank you
Given the code,
$myClass = new myCar;
$myClass->createNew->bodySection->setColor("red");
we can make the following statements:
myCar has a property named “createNew”.
createNew holds some unknown object
The unknown object has a property called bodySection
The property named bodySection contains an unknown object that has a method named setColor()
Clear as mud?
There are several ways this could be illustrated; here’s one:
class myCar {
public createNew;
public function __construct() {
$this->createNew = new Foo;
}
}
class Foo {
public bodySection;
public function __construct() {
$this->bodySection = new Bar;
}
}
class Bar {
public function setColor($color) {
echo "Color is $color";
}
}
$myClass = new MyClass;
$myClass->createNow->bodySection->setColor('red');
// output: Color is red
The first problem here is that “createNow” doesn’t make sense as a property; it’s an action, not something that a myCar would own or do.
Likewise, a bodySection would probably have a color as a property, to be set with its own setter method, not some external object.
Bottom line, making long chains of pointers is not something to seek after; rather, they’re probably better kept as short as possible. Otherwise your object probably knows too much about to many things.
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I found that calling the static method via object can be very convenient in some use case.
I'm wondering if this is is considered as a bad practice?
or if this feature will be removed in the future version of PHP?
class Foo
{
public static function bar ()
{
echo 'hi';
}
}
class SubFoo extends Foo
{
public static function bar ()
{
echo 'hi subfoo';
}
}
// The normal way to call a static method.
Foo::bar(); // => "hi"
// Call the static method via instance.
$foo = new Foo;
$foo::bar(); // => "hi"
// Here is the use case I found calling static method via instance is convenient.
function callbar(Foo $foo)
{
// The type-hinting `Foo` can be any subclass of `Foo`
// so I have to figure out the class name of `$foo` by calling `get_class`.
$className = get_class($foo);
$className::bar();
// Instead of the above, I can just do `$foo::bar();`
}
callbar(new SubFoo); // => "hi subfoo"
As a general rule, using static methods is bad practice because:
In fact, static methods or static variables are global variables
static code makes can cause many troubles in testing
static code makes high cohesion between parts of code
static code makes hidden dependencies between parts of code
But, there are cases when using static code is justified. For example:
Methods refer to a class and don't refer to objects
Helpers or Util classes which don't have their states
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Consider the following code:
class CategoryController
{
private $model;
public function __construct()
{
$this->model = new CategoryModel();
}
}
You will see that Controller depends on the Model. I've heard that doing so is not desirable and Model should be injected instead.
I question why. In my case, I build CategoryModel specifically for CategoryController and I don't see a problem leaving it like this inside the class. I mean, I can't inject SomeOtherModel that's not compatible in there anyway... or can I?
Using Dependency Injection to instead inject it into the Controller seems like waste of code.
Hence, is there any reason to use DI here?
answer
Actually in that example, the big question is what is that for?! No methods just an object holder without any way to get it!?
Yea I know, it's just an example, but thats the problem, in that example you don't need DI, actually you not even need the class at all!
Has #Mark Baker said, without the DI/IoC you can't easily test, since it's tightly cupelled. If you take sometime to read about testing and for this case also Mockery
extra
Using Dependency Injection to instead inject it into the Controller seems like waste of code.
When in cases where you don't have something that does the DI for you, it's easy to allow the objects to pass from constructor or make the default ones, in your example would be something like:
use CategoryModelInterface;
class CategoryController
{
private $model;
public function __construct(CategoryModelInterface $categoty = null)
{
$this->model = $category
? $category
: new CategoryModel();
}
}
This way you don't lose much time, and when/if/maybe you'll do some testing, or change the model completely for another, it's actually possible to do it.
I don't think you'll need DI here. However Mark Baker's comment about testing is valid. But you can get around that by using a getter method for the model. That method can then be mocked in tests:
class CategoryController
{
private $model;
public function __construct()
{
...
}
public function getModel() {
if(!$this->model) {
$this->model = new CategoryModel();
}
return $this->model;
}
}
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When declaring an array as a class member, which way should it be done?
class Test1 {
private $paths = array();
public function __construct() {
// some code here
}
}
or
class Test2 {
private $paths;
public function __construct() {
$this->paths = array();
// some code here
}
}
Which one is better in terms of good practices and performance? What would you recommend?
I'd suggest doing this when declaring a class variable. A constructor can be overriden in extending classes, which might result in E_NOTICEs or even E_WARNINGs if any of your functions depend on this variable being an array (even an empty one)
If you are going to populate your array dynamically during initialization, do it in the constructor. If it contains fixed values, do it in the property declaration.
Trying to populate an array dynamically (e.g. by using the return value of a certain function or method) within the declaration results in a parse error:
// Function call is not valid here
private $paths = get_paths();
Performance is not a real concern here as each has its own use case.
In general, because I write mostly in other languages besides PHP, I like to declare my instance variables outside of the constructor. This let's me look at the top of a class and get an idea for all properties and their access modifiers without having to read the code.
For example, I really don't like methods like this
// ...
// whole bunch of code
// ...
public function initialize() {
$this->foo = array();
// some other code to add some stuff to foo
}
Now, if I just look at the class, I can't be sure there is a variable foo even available. If there is, I don't know if I have access to it from anywhere outside the instance.
If instead I have:
public $foo = array();
at the top of my class, I know that foo is an instance property, and that I can access it from elsewhere.
There are no performance implications. Stop obsessing over things that don't matter - concentrate on performance problems that ARE there: measure first, optimize only the top offenders.
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I currently have my PHP class variables set up like this:
class someThing {
private $cat;
private $dog;
private $mouse;
private $hamster;
private $zebra;
private $lion;
//getters, setters and other methods
}
But I've also seen people using a single array to store all the variables:
class someThing {
private $data = array();
//getters, setters and other methods
}
Which do you use, and why? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?
Generally, the first is better for reasons other people have stated here already.
However, if you need to store data on a class privately, but the footprint of data members is unknown, you'll often see your 2nd example combined with __get() __set() hooks to hide that they're being stored privately.
class someThing {
private $data = array();
public function __get( $property )
{
if ( isset( $this->data[$property] ) )
{
return $this->data[$property];
}
return null;
}
public function __set( $property, $value )
{
$this->data[$property] = $value;
}
}
Then, objects of this class can be used like an instance of stdClass, only none of the members you set are actually public
$o = new someThing()
$o->cow = 'moo';
$o->dog = 'woof';
// etc
This technique has its uses, but be aware that __get() and __set() are on the order of 10-12 times slower than setting public properties directly.
If you're using private $data; you've just got an impenetrable blob of data there... Explicitly stating them will make your life much easier if you're figuring out how a class works.
Another consideration is if you use an IDE with autocomplete - that's not going to work with the 2nd method.
If code is repetitive, arrays and (foreach) loops neaten things. You need to decide if the "animal" concept in your code is repetitive or not, or if the code needs to dig in to the uniqueness of each member.
If I have to repeat myself more than once, I loop.
Use the first method when you know you need that variable.
Use the second method (an array collection of variables) when you have dynamic variable needs.
You can combine these 2 methods, so some variables are hardcoded into your class, while others are dynamic. The hardcoded variables will have preference compared with magic methods.
I prefer the first method, for a few reasons:
In a good IDE, the class properties show up, even if private/protected
It's easier to see what has already been defined, reducing the chance you store the same information twice.
If the proverbial bus hits you on the way home, it's a lot simpler for another developer to come in and read your code.
And while it doesn't apply to private var, it does to protected vars, in classes that extend this class, you really should try to avoid the second method for pure readability.
Also, as a side note, I almost always choose protected over private unless I have a very specific reason to make it private.
The only time I'd probably use the second method was if I was storing a collection of many of one kind of thing.