Related
I have a table in database and in this table i have added 3 columns that is i, name,parent_id.please see below.
ID | name | parent_id
1 name1 0
2 name2 1
3 name3 1
Now i want to fetch this id from database. I have created a method in PHP and fetch data one by one from database. Please see below
function getData($id)
{
$array = array();
$db = JFactory::getDBO();
$sql = "SELECT * from table_name when id = ".$id;
$db>setQuery($sql);
$fetchAllDatas = $db->getObjectList();
foreach ($fetchAllDatas as $fetchAllData)
{
if($fetchAllData->parent_id > 0)
{
$array[$fetchAllData->parent_id] = $fetchAllData->name;
$this->getData($fetchAllData->parent_id);
}
else
{
$array[$fetchAllData->parent_id] = $fetchAllData->name;
}
}
return $array;
}
Now if i call this method with id 3 like
$this->getData(3); // has a parent
It will return like that
Array(
[0]=>name1
)
But i want like below
Array(
[1]=>name3,
[0]=>name1
)
I know i have redefine array if we have parent but how i manage it.
i have used array_push php function but its not work with my condition.
foreach ($fetchAllDatas as $fetchAllData)
{
$array[$fetchAllData->parent_id] = $fetchAllData->name;
if($fetchAllData->parent_id > 0)
array_push($array,$this->getData($fetchAllData->parent_id));
}
return $array;
1)Because you do $array[$fetchAllData->parent_id] = $fetchAllData->name; in the if and in the else, you do this in both cases so put out of if..else.
2) Try to push the result of your second call in the original array to get what you want.
you have unique ID in your table, so if you call your query it will always return only one result. Maybe you wanted to write query this way:
$sql = "SELECT * from table_name when parent_id = ".$id;
if you want to get the result with given ID and his parent, you should add this after calling $this->fetchSharedFolder(...);
$array = array_merge($array, $this->getData($fetchAllData->parent_id));
using codeigniter query i am unable to get appropriate results
i need to get results of a table this way
$catid=$_POST['category'];
$new_id = select catid from categories_table where catid='$catid' and parent='$catid';
so it will add also include results of other cats have $cadid as parent
Select * from articles_table where catid = '$new_id';
i am trying in codeigniter like this
$p=$this->input->post('category');
$this->db->select('catid');
$this->db->where('parent',$p);
$this->db->where('catid',$p);
$query = $this->db->get('categories_table');
if($query->num_rows()>0)
{
foreach($query->result() as $row)
$new_id[]=$row->catid;
}
$this->db->where('catid',$new_id);
$this->db->where('status',1);
$this->db->order_by('time_added', 'desc');
$res = $this->db->get('articles_table');
$query_res= $res->result();
it gives the error Message: Trying to get property of non-object
cats table
catid -- parent -- name
1 -- 0 -- first cat
2 -- 1 -- cat child of first
Article table
id -- catid - content
1 -- 2 -- first article
2 -- 1 -- second article
if i query where cat id = 1 it should return results from catid 2 too as 2 is child of one
I would try using the model something like this:
$p = $this->input->post('category');
$query = $this->db
->select('catid')
->where('parent',$p)
->or_where('catid',$p)
->get('categories_table');
$data = array();
if($query->num_rows())
{
foreach($query->result() as $row)
{
$res = $this->db
->where('catid',$row->catid)
->where('status',1)
->order_by('time_added', 'desc')
->get('articles_table');
foreach ($res->result() as $article_data)
{
$data[] = $article_data;
}
}
}
return $data;
The code first checks for categories where $p is EITHER equal to catid OR parent in the categories_table. Then checks for articles that has the same catid as the category and adds all articles to an array, $data.
Ok, so I am creating a web app with php and mysqli.
I have a table friends which is a simple set up:
f_id int(11)
uid int(11)
fids TEXT
now its basically like a row for each user with the fids consisting of a lot of numerical values (other userids) separated by commas like: 1,2,3
so I use this function to get each user's friends:
function getFriends($db, $userid)
{
$q = $db->query("SELECT fids FROM friends WHERE uid='$userid'");
$ar = $q->fetch_assoc();
$friends = $ar['fids'];
$fr = explode(",", $friends);
return $fr;
}
but each posts comments that appear to each of their friends. my problem comes from trying to sort these comments by the time they were posted.
lets say my comments table is:
c_id int(11)
uid int(11)
c_text TEXT
c_time int(11)
I want to be able to get the comments posted by each 'friend' put them all into an array together, then sort them from their c_time value, then all the values from that particular row in the comments table.
The problem comes from my how I've set up my friends table.
I'm using:
$fr = getFriends($db, $userid);
$updates = array();
$i = 0;
foreach( $fr as $friend)
{
// Get Updates from friends and from self
$q = $db->query("SELECT up.*, u.* FROM updates up
LEFT JOIN users u ON u.id = '$friend'
WHERE (up.userid = '$userid') ORDER BY up.up_id DESC");
while($ar = $q->fetch_array(MYSQLI_BOTH))
{
$updates[$i] = $ar;
$i++;
}
}
$sortArray = array();
foreach($updates as $update){
foreach($update as $key=>$value){
if(!isset($sortArray[$key])){
$sortArray[$key] = array();
}
$sortArray[$key][] = $value;
}
}
$orderby = "up_id";
array_multisort($sortArray[$orderby],SORT_DESC,$updates);
$updates_limit = array_slice($updates, 0, 20);
to get the comments from each friend, sorting it by time, then slicing it to the first 20.
However when I var_dump($updates_limit) it takes the last row in the comments table, and then makes it look like each friend posted the same comment.
Can anyone see the problem or a better way of addressing this issue?
I'd completely refactor the friends table to look something more like this: (Also, use english - Characters are cheap :c))
CREATE TABLE friends (
user_id int FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES user(id)
, friend_id int FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES user(id)
, PRIMARY KEY (user_id, friend_id)
);
Then you can take essentially the same comment table:
CREATE TABLE comment (
comment_id int PRIMARY KEY
, user_id int FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES user(id)
, comment_text text
, comment_time datetime
);
And your "query for friend's comments" becomes:
SELECT comment_id, comment.user_id, comment_text, comment_time
FROM friends
INNER JOIN comment
ON comment.user_id = friends.friend_id
WHERE friends.user_id = ? #Target it
ORDER BY comment_time DESC
LIMIT 0, 20;
You can even speed this up by adding a few indexes - like comment(user_id).
Please see the data tables and query below ..
Items
Id, Name
1, Item 1
2, Item 2
Categories
Id, Name, Parent ID
1, Furniture , 0
2, Tables, 1
3, Beds, 1
4, Dining Table, 2
5, Bar Table, 2
4, Electronics, 0
5, Home, 4
6, Outdoors, 4
7, Table lamp, 4
ItemCategory
ItemId, CategoryId
1, 2 .. Row1
2, 4 .. Row 2
2, 5 .. Row 3
ItemCategory table stores which items belongs to which category. An item can belong to top level and or sub category. there are about 3 level deep categories, that is, Tob level, sub level, and sub sub level.
Users select all of the categories they want to view and submit and I can query the database by using a sample query below..
SELECT * FROM items i INNER JOIN ItemCategory ic ON
ic.itemId = i.itemId AND ic.itemId IN ('comma separated category ids')
This works fine.
My question is that Is it possible to view all the items under a top level category even though it has not been directly assigned to the item. For example, if users select Furniture above, then it lists all the items belonging to its sub categories (even though the ItemCategory doesn't contain any record for it)??
I'm open to making necessary amendements to the data table or queries, please suggest a solution. Thank you.
Watcher has given a good answer, but I'd alter my approach somewhat to the following, so you have a structured recursive 2-dimensional array with categories as keys and items as values. This makes it very easy to print back to the user when responding to their search requirements.
Here is my approach, which I have tested:
$items = getItemsByCategory($topCategory);
//To print contents
print_r($items);
function getItemsByCategory($sid = 0) {
$list = array();
$sql = "SELECT Id, Name FROM Categories WHERE ParentId = $sid";
$rs = mysql_query($sql);
while ($obj = mysql_fetch_object($rs)) {
//echo $obj->id .", ".$parent." >> ".$obj->name."<br/>";
$list[$obj->name] = getItems($obj->id);
if (hasChildren($obj->id)) {
array_push($list[$obj->name],getItemsByCategory($obj->id));
}
}
return $list;
}
function getItems($cid) {
$list = array();
$sql = "SELECT i.Id, i.Name FROM Items p INNER JOIN ItemCategory ic ON i.id = ic.ItemId WHERE ic.CategoryId = $cid";
$rs = mysql_query($sql);
while ($obj = mysql_fetch_object($rs)) {
$list[] = array($obj->id, $obj->name);
}
return $list;
}
function hasChildren($pid) {
$sql = "SELECT * FROM Categories WHERE ParentId = $pid";
$rs = mysql_query($sql);
if (mysql_num_rows($rs) > 0) {
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
Hope this helps.
With recursion, anything is possible:
function fetchItemsByCat($cat, &$results) {
$itemsInCat = query("SELECT Items.Id FROM Items INNER JOIN ItemCategory ON ItemCategory.ItemId = Items.Id WHERE CategoryId = ?", array($cat));
while($row = *_fetch_array($itemsInCat))
array_push($results, $row['Id']);
$subCategories = query("SELECT Id FROM Categories WHERE Parent = ?", array( $cat ));
while($row = *_fetch_array($subCategories))
$results = fetchItemsByCat($row['Id'], $results);
return $results;
}
$startCat = 1; // Furniture
$itemsInCat = fetchItemsByCat($startCat, array());
The function is somewhat pseudo-code. Replace *_fetch_array with whatever Database extension you are using. The query function is however you are querying your database.
Also, this is untested, so you should test for unexpected results due to using an array reference, although I think it's good to go.
After calling the function, $itemsInCat will be an array of integer ids of all of the items/subitems that exist in the given start category. If you wanted to get fancy, you can instead return an array of arrays with each 2nd level array element having an item id as well as that item's assigned category id, item name, etc.
If you use MySQL, you're out of luck short of indexing your tree using typical techniques, which usually means pre-calculating and storing the paths, or using nested sets:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nested_set_model
If you can switch to PostgreSQL, you can alternatively use a recursive query:
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.0/static/queries-with.html
Evidently, you can also recursively query from your app, but it's a lot less efficient.
Question1:
MySQL table
id | array
1 | 1,2,3
2 | 2
3 | 2,3
4 | 4,5,6
$_GET['id'] = 2;
$a = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM `table` WHERE `array` ??? '$_GET[id]'");
In this step, I want to run through the entire array and see if it matches with the $_GET['id'], so it should output:
ids: 1,2,3
Question2:
MySQL table
id | array
1 | 4,5,6
2 | 3,4,7
$_GET['id'] = 4;
$a = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM `table` WHERE `array` ??? '$_GET[id]'");
In this step, I only want to match against the first element in the array, so it should output:
id: 4
I can only think of using PHP to do this, but I'd rather do all that just within the MySQL query, if that is even possible.
$a = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM `table`");
while($b = mysql_fetch_assoc($a))
{
$elements = explode(',', $b['array']);
foreach($elements as $element)
{
if($element == $_GET['id'])
{
echo $b['id'].'<br />';
}
}
}
or
$a = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM `table`");
while($b = mysql_fetch_assoc($a))
{
$array = $b['array'];
if(in_array($_GET['id'], $array))
{
echo $b['id'].'<br />';
}
}
that would look just awful.
That you can/should structure your database differently has already been mentioned (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_normalization). But....
See FIND_IN_SET()
mysql> SELECT FIND_IN_SET('b','a,b,c,d');
-> 2
e.g.
<?php
$mysql = init();
bar($mysql, 1);
bar($mysql, 2);
bar($mysql, 3);
bar($mysql, 4);
function bar($mysql, $x) {
$sql_x = mysql_real_escape_string($x, $mysql);
$result = mysql_query("SELECT id, foo FROM soTest WHERE FIND_IN_SET('$sql_x', foo)", $mysql) or die(mysql_error());
echo "$x:\n";
while( false!==($row=mysql_fetch_array($result, MYSQL_ASSOC)) ) {
echo $row['id'], ' ', $row['foo'], "\n";
}
echo "----\n";
}
function init() {
$mysql = mysql_connect('localhost', 'localonly', 'localonly') or die(mysql_error());
mysql_select_db('test', $mysql) or die(mysql_error());
mysql_query('CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE soTest (id int auto_increment, foo varchar(64), primary key(id))', $mysql) or die(__LINE__.' '.mysql_error());
mysql_query("INSERT INTO soTest (foo) VALUES ('1,2,3'), ('2,4'), ('3'), ('2,3'), ('1,2')", $mysql) or die(__LINE__.' '.mysql_error());
return $mysql;
}
prints
1:
1 1,2,3
5 1,2
----
2:
1 1,2,3
2 2,4
4 2,3
5 1,2
----
3:
1 1,2,3
3 3
4 2,3
----
4:
2 2,4
----
MySQL can't use indices to perform this search, i.e. the query results in a full table scan, see Optimizing Queries with EXPLAIN
edit:
For your second question you only have to change the WHERE-clause to
WHERE FIND_IN_SET('$sql_x', foo)=1
Your data structure in the DB is not optimal for querying the way you want it.
For the first question:
mysql_query("SELECT * FROM table WHERE array LIKE '%,$_GET[id],%' OR array LIKE '$_GET[id],%' OR array LIKE '%,$_GET[id]' OR array = '$_GET[id]'");
For the second:
mysql_query("SELECT id, SUBSTR(array, 1, POSITION(',' IN array) - 1) AS array FROM table WHERE array LIKE '$_GET[id],%' OR array = '$_GET[id]'");
As you can see, these queries aren't pretty, but they'll do what you want.
Untested, but you should be able to use:
Question 1:
SELECT * FROM table WHERE array REGEXP '(^|,)?(,|$)';
// Match either the start of the string, or a , then the query value, then either a , or the end of the string
Question 2:
SELECT * FROM table WHERE array REGEXP '^?(,|$)';
// Match the start of the string, then the query value, then either a , or the end of the string
Where ? is replaced with your $_GET value.
No idea on the performance of this.
I'd recommend you to bring your database to the first normal form, e. g.
CREATE TABLE t_master (
id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT
);
CREATE TABLE t_array (
id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
master_id INT NOT NULL,
value INT,
CONSTRAINT fk_array_master_id FOREIGN KEY (master_id) REFERENCES t_master (id)
);
Then you can find records in t_master that have a specific value with
$q = 'SELECT m.* ' .
'FROM t_master AS m INNER JOIN t_array AS a ON a.master_id = m.id ' .
"WHERE a.value = '" . mysql_real_escape_string($_GET['id'], $db) . "' " .
'GROUP BY m.id';
The most important advantage is that if you have a lot of values, you can add an index to find them much faster:
ALTER TABLE t_array ADD INDEX idx_value (value);
A less evident, but not the last advantage is that your queries become more logical and structured.
If you can't normalise your schema (which is the best option:
SELECT *
FROM table
WHERE ','+array+',' LIKE '%,$_GET[id],%'
But if you need to access the records by id, then you really should normalise
First One:
SELECT * FROM table WHERE array LIKE '$_GET[id],%' OR array LIKE '%,$_GET[id],%' OR array LIKE '%,$_GET[id]' OR array = '$_GET[id]
Second One:
SELECT * FROM table WHERE array LIKE '$_GET[id],%' OR array = '$_GET[id]
Explanation:
'$_GET[id],%' will match, if array is start with $_GET[id]
'%,$_GET[id],%' will match, if $_GET[id] is between any two of array items
'%,$_GET[id]' will match, if array is end with $_GET[id]
array = '$_GET[id]' match, if the array contains only one item equal to $_GET[id]