Speed up query (~1 million rows) on a complex table - php

Question

first of all thanks for your time reading this.
I'm working on a PHP web application that deals with the following data, as of right now there is noticeable time when trying to retrieve data, especially when drilling down the options. The primary options right now are VehicleType, Make, Model, Year, InternetPrice and Mileage. There will eventually be even more columns being used. Other columns from this list are being used for displaying data throughout the page, as 10 records are displayed at one instance.
Table structure:
CREATE TABLE `vehicles` (
`id` int(12) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`DealerID` int(6) DEFAULT NULL,
`VIN` varchar(17) DEFAULT NULL,
`StockNumber` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,
`Status` varchar(1) DEFAULT NULL,
`VehicleType` int(1) DEFAULT NULL,
`Year` int(4) DEFAULT NULL,
`Make` varchar(13) DEFAULT NULL,
`Model` varchar(24) DEFAULT NULL,
`Trim` varchar(35) DEFAULT NULL,
`Body` varchar(25) DEFAULT NULL,
`VehicleClass` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`VehicleCategory` varchar(6) DEFAULT NULL,
`Mileage` int(6) DEFAULT NULL,
`Transmission` varchar(24) DEFAULT NULL,
`EngineDisplacement` varchar(7) DEFAULT NULL,
`EngineSize` varchar(15) DEFAULT NULL,
`Induction` varchar(25) DEFAULT NULL,
`DriveTrain` varchar(3) DEFAULT NULL,
`FuelType` varchar(9) DEFAULT NULL,
`FuelEconomyCity` int(2) DEFAULT NULL,
`FuelEconomyHighway` int(2) DEFAULT NULL,
`FuelEconomyCombined` int(1) DEFAULT NULL,
`Doors` int(1) DEFAULT NULL,
`OEMColorCodeExterior` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,
`OEMColorCodeInterior` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,
`OEMColorNameExterior` varchar(49) DEFAULT NULL,
`OEMColorNameInterior` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,
`GenericColorExterior` varchar(35) DEFAULT NULL,
`GenericColorInterior` varchar(38) DEFAULT NULL,
`InternetPrice` int(6) DEFAULT NULL,
`ComparisonPrice` int(6) DEFAULT NULL,
`WholeSalePrice` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,
`MSRP` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,
`InternetSpecial` varchar(1) DEFAULT NULL,
`OemModelCode` varchar(12) DEFAULT NULL,
`HasWarranty` varchar(1) DEFAULT NULL,
`CertificationWarranty` int(3) DEFAULT NULL,
`WarrantyMonth` int(1) DEFAULT NULL,
`WarrantyMiles` int(1) DEFAULT NULL,
`CertificationNumber` varchar(7) DEFAULT NULL,
`ServiceContract` varchar(1) DEFAULT NULL,
`InServiceDate` varchar(19) DEFAULT NULL,
`CertificationDate` varchar(19) DEFAULT NULL,
`DateManufactured` varchar(19) DEFAULT NULL,
`DateCreated` varchar(19) DEFAULT NULL,
`DateUpdated` varchar(19) DEFAULT NULL,
`DateRemoved` varchar(19) DEFAULT NULL,
`DatePhotosUpdated` varchar(19) DEFAULT NULL,
`Photos` int(2) DEFAULT NULL,
`SuperSizePhotos` int(2) DEFAULT NULL,
`AddendumDetails` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,
`DepartmentComments` varchar(239) DEFAULT NULL,
`VehicleComments` varchar(1987) DEFAULT NULL,
`Options` varchar(2264) DEFAULT NULL,
`PurchasePayment` decimal(5,2) DEFAULT NULL,
`PurchaseDownPayment` decimal(6,2) DEFAULT NULL,
`PurchaseTerm` int(2) DEFAULT NULL,
`PurchaseDisclosure` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,
`PurchaseRate` decimal(3,2) DEFAULT NULL,
`LeasePayment` decimal(2,2) DEFAULT NULL,
`LeaseDownPayment` decimal(2,2) DEFAULT NULL,
`LeaseTerm` int(1) DEFAULT NULL,
`LeaseDisclosure` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,
`LeaseRate` decimal(2,2) DEFAULT NULL,
`LeaseResidual` decimal(2,2) DEFAULT NULL,
`Reserved1` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,
`Reserved2` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,
`Reserved3` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,
`Reserved4` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,
`Reserved5` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,
`Reserved6` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,
`sitecert` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `VIN` (`VIN`),
KEY `Make` (`Make`),
KEY `StockNumber` (`StockNumber`),
KEY `Model` (`Model`),
KEY `Trim` (`Trim`),
KEY `Body` (`Body`),
KEY `VehicleClass` (`VehicleClass`),
KEY `Transmission` (`Transmission`),
KEY `DealerID` (`DealerID`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=46527428 ;
And an example query:
SELECT *
FROM vehicles
WHERE Make = 'Audi'
AND VehicleType = '0'
AND Model = 'A4'
AND InternetPrice BETWEEN 0 AND 999999
AND Year BETWEEN 1983 AND 2015
AND Mileage > 0
AND DealerID IN ('AA'
,'156553'
,'229602'
,'160483'
,'2953'
,'161712'
,'228576'
,'228921'
,'7590'
,'20813'
,'158105'
,'160286'
,'164479'
,'164487'
,'182543'
,'158860'
,'186479'
,'227170'
,'226327'
)
ORDER BY sitecert DESC
,InternetPrice DESC
LIMIT 0, 10
Would anyone have any advice to optimize this query or table? Of course there is other code throughout the page but I've timed it down to this query that is causing the delay.
Thanks for your help!
UPDATE:
MySQL Explain:
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 SIMPLE vehicles ref Make,Model,DealerID Model 75 const 1675 Using where; Using filesort
Year was updated to INT

Answer 1

Depending on your database, you should add indexes on the following fields:
Make
VehicleType
Model
InternetPrice
Year
Mileage
DealerId
Year should be DATE type, not text (INT also makes sense).
This should solve your problem.

Answer 2

My advices :
use a group by make
partition your table, columns might be of use (make,Year)
store your table in inndb engine instead of myisam and build your
self some clustered indexes to attend your predicates !

Answer 3

For such a case you have to read EXPLAIN results and tweak indexes accordingly.
However, for only 1600 rows to sort I wouldn't bother at all. If you still want to make it faster, it seems you need a combined key that would include a Model and a sitecert followed by price, both in a reverse order.
Means you have to have two additional columns where negative values of sitecert and price are stored. then buind an index on (Model,nsitecert, nInternetPrice) and order without DESC to eliminate a filesort
If you have search queries that involve no Model but any combination of parameters - then it's time to think of an external search engine like Sphinx Search.