Uploading Single image in a git directory - php

I have created my project repository on git. Its a web development project. I want to upload a file to it.
For other kind of files (.txt, .php, .html, etc.) I know I can create a new file by clicking on + button and then copying my file's content there.
How can I upload an image to the specific directory (./img in my case). I have searched a lot but didn't got any suitable answer.


You can use this method if You are a beginner.
You can add files using git add, example git add README, git add /*, or even git add *
Then use git commit -m "" to commit files
Finally git push -u origin master to push files.
When you make modifications run git status which gives you the list of files modified, add them using git add * for everything or you can specify each file individually, then git commit -m and finally, git push -u origin master
Example - say you created a file README, running git status gives you
$ git status
# On branch master
# Untracked files:
# (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
#
# README
Source :: How do I add files and folders into github repos?

Related

Git upload project full site

I am new for using Github. I want upload my full site in new Repository in Github.com. But Github just can upload not more than 100file, and I'm download codeigniter-3 it's have 253file (original without my new file).
Can I upload my project in to Github?

This is likely a limitation of the drag and drop interface. I'd suggest to get familiar with the command line client instead. It's much more convenient than using the web interface and you'll need it anyway if you want to do serious work on that project from your dev machine.
First clone your project to a local directory:
$ git clone https://github.com/YOUR-USERNAME/YOUR-REPOSITORY
Then from your project directory, add all the files:
$ git add .
$ git commit -m "initial commit"
$ git push origin master
Alternatively, consider using https://desktop.github.com/
Reference:
https://help.github.com/articles/cloning-a-repository/
https://help.github.com/articles/adding-a-file-to-a-repository-from-the-command-line/

GitHub upload file step by step follow.
Now first create account on github.
https://github.com/login
create repository in your GitHub account.
setup git directory on your project directory by GIT Clone.
after git clone setup .GIT directory on your project with config.
Example: ##Config git repository##
git clone https://github.com/username/repository
##upload project on GIT##
git add /your-folder
git commit -m 'your first commit'
git push -u origin master
after push successfully upload your project.

Git::Windows: pull case sensitive files from remote repo

In my remote repository I have files,
example,
-account.php
-Account.php
To see how exactly my repository looks like,
I am now using windows git bash to clone/pull the files from remote repo.
While doing that only
-account.php
gets cloned, while
-Account.php
is being ignored!
How do I get both the files,
-account.php
-Account.php
into my local repository, so that I can delete them and make a clean commit of files with only one naming convention and eliminate the mistake I have done?

Since git is a unix based it simply a case sensitive software.
If you have committed a case sensitive files you will need to rename them. Using the git mv command will tell git to rename the file while keeping all the history of the file
# "move" the file from the old name to the new name
git mv -f File file
# Add the file to the staging area
git add .
# commit your changes
git commit -m "renamed file..."
Git has a configuration setting core.ignorecase.
To tell Git to be case-senstive, simply set this setting to false:
git config core.ignorecase false
Documentation
From the git config documentation:
core.ignorecase
If true, this option enables various workarounds to enable git to work better on filesystems that are not case sensitive, like FAT.
For example, if a directory listing finds makefile when git expects Makefile, git will assume it is really the same file, and continue to remember it as Makefile.
The default is false, except git-clone(1) or git-init(1) will probe and set core.ignorecase true if appropriate when the repository is created.

Create package from existing git repo [duplicate]

I have a Git repository which contains a number of subdirectories. Now I have found that one of the subdirectories is unrelated to the other and should be detached to a separate repository.
How can I do this while keeping the history of the files within the subdirectory?
I guess I could make a clone and remove the unwanted parts of each clone, but I suppose this would give me the complete tree when checking out an older revision etc. This might be acceptable, but I would prefer to be able to pretend that the two repositories doesn't have a shared history.
Just to make it clear, I have the following structure:
XYZ/
.git/
XY1/
ABC/
XY2/
But I would like this instead:
XYZ/
.git/
XY1/
XY2/
ABC/
.git/
ABC/

The Easy Way™
It turns out that this is such a common and useful practice that the overlords of Git made it really easy, but you have to have a newer version of Git (>= 1.7.11 May 2012). See the appendix for how to install the latest Git. Also, there's a real-world example in the walkthrough below.
Prepare the old repo
cd <big-repo>
git subtree split -P <name-of-folder> -b <name-of-new-branch>
Note: <name-of-folder> must NOT contain leading or trailing characters. For instance, the folder named subproject MUST be passed as subproject, NOT ./subproject/
Note for Windows users: When your folder depth is > 1, <name-of-folder> must have *nix style folder separator (/). For instance, the folder named path1\path2\subproject MUST be passed as path1/path2/subproject
Create the new repo
mkdir ~/<new-repo> && cd ~/<new-repo>
git init
git pull </path/to/big-repo> <name-of-new-branch>
Link the new repo to GitHub or wherever
git remote add origin <git#github.com:user/new-repo.git>
git push -u origin master
Cleanup inside <big-repo>, if desired
git rm -rf <name-of-folder>
Note: This leaves all the historical references in the repository. See the Appendix below if you're actually concerned about having committed a password or you need to decreasing the file size of your .git folder.
Walkthrough
These are the same steps as above, but following my exact steps for my repository instead of using <meta-named-things>.
Here's a project I have for implementing JavaScript browser modules in node:
tree ~/node-browser-compat
node-browser-compat
├── ArrayBuffer
├── Audio
├── Blob
├── FormData
├── atob
├── btoa
├── location
└── navigator
I want to split out a single folder, btoa, into a separate Git repository
cd ~/node-browser-compat/
git subtree split -P btoa -b btoa-only
I now have a new branch, btoa-only, that only has commits for btoa and I want to create a new repository.
mkdir ~/btoa/ && cd ~/btoa/
git init
git pull ~/node-browser-compat btoa-only
Next, I create a new repo on GitHub or Bitbucket, or whatever and add it as the origin
git remote add origin git#github.com:node-browser-compat/btoa.git
git push -u origin master
Happy day!
Note: If you created a repo with a README.md, .gitignore and LICENSE, you will need to pull first:
git pull origin master
git push origin master
Lastly, I'll want to remove the folder from the bigger repo
git rm -rf btoa
Appendix
Latest Git on macOS
To get the latest version of Git using Homebrew:
brew install git
Latest Git on Ubuntu
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install git
git --version
If that doesn't work (you have a very old version of Ubuntu), try
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:git-core/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install git
If that still doesn't work, try
sudo chmod +x /usr/share/doc/git/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.sh
sudo ln -s \
/usr/share/doc/git/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.sh \
/usr/lib/git-core/git-subtree
Thanks to rui.araujo from the comments.
Clearing your history
By default removing files from Git doesn't actually remove them, it just commits that they aren't there anymore. If you want to actually remove the historical references (i.e. you committed a password), you need to do this:
git filter-branch --prune-empty --tree-filter 'rm -rf <name-of-folder>' HEAD
After that, you can check that your file or folder no longer shows up in the Git history at all
git log -- <name-of-folder> # should show nothing
However, you can't "push" deletes to GitHub and the like. If you try, you'll get an error and you'll have to git pull before you can git push - and then you're back to having everything in your history.
So if you want to delete history from the "origin" - meaning to delete it from GitHub, Bitbucket, etc - you'll need to delete the repo and re-push a pruned copy of the repo. But wait - there's more! - if you're really concerned about getting rid of a password or something like that you'll need to prune the backup (see below).
Making .git smaller
The aforementioned delete history command still leaves behind a bunch of backup files - because Git is all too kind in helping you to not ruin your repo by accident. It will eventually delete orphaned files over the days and months, but it leaves them there for a while in case you realize that you accidentally deleted something you didn't want to.
So if you really want to empty the trash to reduce the clone size of a repo immediately you have to do all of this really weird stuff:
rm -rf .git/refs/original/ && \
git reflog expire --all && \
git gc --aggressive --prune=now
git reflog expire --all --expire-unreachable=0
git repack -A -d
git prune
That said, I'd recommend not performing these steps unless you know that you need to - just in case you did prune the wrong subdirectory, y'know? The backup files shouldn't get cloned when you push the repo, they'll just be in your local copy.
Credit
http://psionides.eu/2010/02/04/sharing-code-between-projects-with-git-subtree/
Remove a directory permanently from git
http://blogs.atlassian.com/2013/05/alternatives-to-git-submodule-git-subtree/
How to remove unreferenced blobs from my git repo

Update: This process is so common, that the git team made it much simpler with a new tool, git subtree. See here: Detach (move) subdirectory into separate Git repository
You want to clone your repository and then use git filter-branch to mark everything but the subdirectory you want in your new repo to be garbage-collected.
To clone your local repository:
git clone /XYZ /ABC
(Note: the repository will be cloned using hard-links, but that is not a problem since the hard-linked files will not be modified in themselves - new ones will be created.)
Now, let us preserve the interesting branches which we want to rewrite as well, and then remove the origin to avoid pushing there and to make sure that old commits will not be referenced by the origin:
cd /ABC
for i in branch1 br2 br3; do git branch -t $i origin/$i; done
git remote rm origin
or for all remote branches:
cd /ABC
for i in $(git branch -r | sed "s/.*origin\///"); do git branch -t $i origin/$i; done
git remote rm origin
Now you might want to also remove tags which have no relation with the subproject; you can also do that later, but you might need to prune your repo again. I did not do so and got a WARNING: Ref 'refs/tags/v0.1' is unchanged for all tags (since they were all unrelated to the subproject); additionally, after removing such tags more space will be reclaimed. Apparently git filter-branch should be able to rewrite other tags, but I could not verify this. If you want to remove all tags, use git tag -l | xargs git tag -d.
Then use filter-branch and reset to exclude the other files, so they can be pruned. Let's also add --tag-name-filter cat --prune-empty to remove empty commits and to rewrite tags (note that this will have to strip their signature):
git filter-branch --tag-name-filter cat --prune-empty --subdirectory-filter ABC -- --all
or alternatively, to only rewrite the HEAD branch and ignore tags and other branches:
git filter-branch --tag-name-filter cat --prune-empty --subdirectory-filter ABC HEAD
Then delete the backup reflogs so the space can be truly reclaimed (although now the operation is destructive)
git reset --hard
git for-each-ref --format="%(refname)" refs/original/ | xargs -n 1 git update-ref -d
git reflog expire --expire=now --all
git gc --aggressive --prune=now
and now you have a local git repository of the ABC sub-directory with all its history preserved.
Note: For most uses, git filter-branch should indeed have the added parameter -- --all. Yes that's really --space-- all. This needs to be the last parameters for the command. As Matli discovered, this keeps the project branches and tags included in the new repo.
Edit: various suggestions from comments below were incorporated to make sure, for instance, that the repository is actually shrunk (which was not always the case before).

Paul's answer creates a new repository containing /ABC, but does not remove /ABC from within /XYZ. The following command will remove /ABC from within /XYZ:
git filter-branch --tree-filter "rm -rf ABC" --prune-empty HEAD
Of course, test it in a 'clone --no-hardlinks' repository first, and follow it with the reset, gc and prune commands Paul lists.

I’ve found that in order to properly delete the old history from the new repository, you have to do a little more work after the filter-branch step.
Do the clone and the filter:
git clone --no-hardlinks foo bar; cd bar
git filter-branch --subdirectory-filter subdir/you/want
Remove every reference to the old history. “origin” was keeping track of your clone, and “original” is where filter-branch saves the old stuff:
git remote rm origin
git update-ref -d refs/original/refs/heads/master
git reflog expire --expire=now --all
Even now, your history might be stuck in a packfile that fsck won’t touch. Tear it to shreds, creating a new packfile and deleting the unused objects:
git repack -ad
There is an explanation of this in the manual for filter-branch.

When running git filter-branch using a newer version of git (2.22+ maybe?), it says to use this new tool git-filter-repo. This tool certainly simplified things for me.
Filtering with filter-repo
Commands to create the XYZ repo from the original question:
# create local clone of original repo in directory XYZ
tmp $ git clone git#github.com:user/original.git XYZ
# switch to working in XYZ
tmp $ cd XYZ
# keep subdirectories XY1 and XY2 (dropping ABC)
XYZ $ git filter-repo --path XY1 --path XY2
# note: original remote origin was dropped
# (protecting against accidental pushes overwriting original repo data)
# XYZ $ ls -1
# XY1
# XY2
# XYZ $ git log --oneline
# last commit modifying ./XY1 or ./XY2
# first commit modifying ./XY1 or ./XY2
# point at new hosted, dedicated repo
XYZ $ git remote add origin git#github.com:user/XYZ.git
# push (and track) remote master
XYZ $ git push -u origin master
assumptions:
* remote XYZ repo was new and empty before the push
Filtering and moving
In my case, I also wanted to move a couple of directories for a more consistent structure. Initially, I ran that simple filter-repo command followed by git mv dir-to-rename, but I found I could get a slightly "better" history using the --path-rename option. Instead of seeing last modified 5 hours ago on moved files in the new repo I now see last year (in the GitHub UI), which matches the modified times in the original repo.
Instead of...
git filter-repo --path XY1 --path XY2 --path inconsistent
git mv inconsistent XY3 # which updates last modification time
I ultimately ran...
git filter-repo --path XY1 --path XY2 --path inconsistent --path-rename inconsistent:XY3
Notes:
I thought the Git Rev News blog post explained well the reasoning behind creating yet another repo-filtering tool.
I initially tried the path of creating a sub-directory matching the target repo name in the original repository and then filtering (using git filter-repo --subdirectory-filter dir-matching-new-repo-name). That command correctly converted that subdirectory to the root of the copied local repo, but it also resulted in a history of only the three commits it took to create the subdirectory. (I hadn't realized that --path could be specified multiple times; thereby, obviating the need to create a subdirectory in the source repo.) Since someone had committed to the source repo by the time I noticed that I'd failed to carry forward the history, I just used git reset commit-before-subdir-move --hard after the clone command, and added --force to the filter-repo command to get it to operate on the slightly modified local clone.
git clone ...
git reset HEAD~7 --hard # roll back before mistake
git filter-repo ... --force # tell filter-repo the alterations are expected
I was stumped on the install since I was unaware of the extension pattern with git, but ultimately I cloned git-filter-repo and symlinked it to $(git --exec-path):
ln -s ~/github/newren/git-filter-repo/git-filter-repo $(git --exec-path)

Edit: Bash script added.
The answers given here worked just partially for me; Lots of big files remained in the cache. What finally worked (after hours in #git on freenode):
git clone --no-hardlinks file:///SOURCE /tmp/blubb
cd blubb
git filter-branch --subdirectory-filter ./PATH_TO_EXTRACT --prune-empty --tag-name-filter cat -- --all
git clone file:///tmp/blubb/ /tmp/blooh
cd /tmp/blooh
git reflog expire --expire=now --all
git repack -ad
git gc --prune=now
With the previous solutions, the repository size was around 100 MB. This one brought it down to 1.7 MB. Maybe it helps somebody :)
The following bash script automates the task:
!/bin/bash
if (( $# < 3 ))
then
echo "Usage: $0 </path/to/repo/> <directory/to/extract/> <newName>"
echo
echo "Example: $0 /Projects/42.git first/answer/ firstAnswer"
exit 1
fi
clone=/tmp/${3}Clone
newN=/tmp/${3}
git clone --no-hardlinks file://$1 ${clone}
cd ${clone}
git filter-branch --subdirectory-filter $2 --prune-empty --tag-name-filter cat -- --all
git clone file://${clone} ${newN}
cd ${newN}
git reflog expire --expire=now --all
git repack -ad
git gc --prune=now

This is no longer so complex you can just use the git filter-branch command on a clone of you repo to cull the subdirectories you don't want and then push to the new remote.
git filter-branch --prune-empty --subdirectory-filter <YOUR_SUBDIR_TO_KEEP> master
git push <MY_NEW_REMOTE_URL> -f .

Update: The git-subtree module was so useful that the git team pulled it into core and made it git subtree. See here: Detach (move) subdirectory into separate Git repository
git-subtree may be useful for this
http://github.com/apenwarr/git-subtree/blob/master/git-subtree.txt (deprecated)
http://psionides.jogger.pl/2010/02/04/sharing-code-between-projects-with-git-subtree/

Here is a small modification to CoolAJ86's "The Easy Way™" answer in order to split multiple sub folders (let's say sub1and sub2) into a new git repository.
The Easy Way™ (multiple sub folders)
Prepare the old repo
pushd <big-repo>
git filter-branch --tree-filter "mkdir <name-of-folder>; mv <sub1> <sub2> <name-of-folder>/" HEAD
git subtree split -P <name-of-folder> -b <name-of-new-branch>
popd
Note: <name-of-folder> must NOT contain leading or trailing characters. For instance, the folder named subproject MUST be passed as subproject, NOT ./subproject/
Note for windows users: when your folder depth is > 1, <name-of-folder> must have *nix style folder separator (/). For instance, the folder named path1\path2\subproject MUST be passed as path1/path2/subproject. Moreover don't use mvcommand but move.
Final note: the unique and big difference with the base answer is the second line of the script "git filter-branch..."
Create the new repo
mkdir <new-repo>
pushd <new-repo>
git init
git pull </path/to/big-repo> <name-of-new-branch>
Link the new repo to Github or wherever
git remote add origin <git#github.com:my-user/new-repo.git>
git push origin -u master
Cleanup, if desired
popd # get out of <new-repo>
pushd <big-repo>
git rm -rf <name-of-folder>
Note: This leaves all the historical references in the repository.See the Appendix in the original answer if you're actually concerned about having committed a password or you need to decreasing the file size of your .git folder.

The original question wants XYZ/ABC/(*files) to become ABC/ABC/(*files). After implementing the accepted answer for my own code, I noticed that it actually changes XYZ/ABC/(*files) into ABC/(*files). The filter-branch man page even says,
The result will contain that directory (and only that) as its project root."
In other words, it promotes the top-level folder "up" one level. That's an important distinction because, for example, in my history I had renamed a top-level folder. By promoting folders "up" one level, git loses continuity at the commit where I did the rename.
My answer to the question then is to make 2 copies of the repository and manually delete the folder(s) you want to keep in each. The man page backs me up with this:
[...] avoid using [this command] if a simple single commit would suffice to fix your problem

To add to Paul's answer, I found that to ultimately recover space, I have to push HEAD to a clean repository and that trims down the size of the .git/objects/pack directory.
i.e.
$ mkdir ...ABC.git
$ cd ...ABC.git
$ git init --bare
After the gc prune, also do:
$ git push ...ABC.git HEAD
Then you can do
$ git clone ...ABC.git
and the size of ABC/.git is reduced
Actually, some of the time consuming steps (e.g. git gc) aren't needed with the push to clean repository, i.e.:
$ git clone --no-hardlinks /XYZ /ABC
$ git filter-branch --subdirectory-filter ABC HEAD
$ git reset --hard
$ git push ...ABC.git HEAD

Proper way now is the following:
git filter-branch --prune-empty --subdirectory-filter FOLDER_NAME [first_branch] [another_branch]
GitHub now even have small article about such cases.
But be sure to clone your original repo to separate directory first (as it would delete all the files and other directories and you probable need to work with them).
So your algorithm should be:
clone your remote repo to another directory
using git filter-branch left only files under some subdirectory, push to new remote
create commit to remove this subdirectory from your original remote repo

It appears that most (all?) of the answers here rely on some form of git filter-branch --subdirectory-filter and its ilk. This may work "most times" however for some cases, for instance the case of when you renamed the folder, ex:
ABC/
/move_this_dir # did some work here, then renamed it to
ABC/
/move_this_dir_renamed
If you do a normal git filter style to extract "move_this_dir_renamed" you will lose file change history that occurred from back when it was initially "move_this_dir" (ref).
It thus appears that the only way to really keep all change history (if yours is a case like this), is, in essence, to copy the repository (create a new repo, set that to be the origin), then nuke everything else and rename the subdirectory to the parent like this:
Clone the multi-module project locally
Branches - check what's there: git branch -a
Do a checkout to each branch to be included in the split to get a local copy on your workstation: git checkout --track origin/branchABC
Make a copy in a new directory: cp -r oldmultimod simple
Go into the new project copy: cd simple
Get rid of the other modules that aren't needed in this project:
git rm otherModule1 other2 other3
Now only the subdir of the target module remains
Get rid of the module subdir so that the module root becomes the new project root
git mv moduleSubdir1/* .
Delete the relic subdir: rmdir moduleSubdir1
Check changes at any point: git status
Create the new git repo and copy its URL to point this project into it:
git remote set-url origin http://mygithost:8080/git/our-splitted-module-repo
Verify this is good: git remote -v
Push the changes up to the remote repo: git push
Go to the remote repo and check it's all there
Repeat it for any other branch needed: git checkout branch2
This follows the github doc "Splitting a subfolder out into a new repository" steps 6-11 to push the module to a new repo.
This will not save you any space in your .git folder, but it will preserve all your change history for those files even across renames. And this may not be worth it if there isn't "a lot" of history lost, etc. But at least you are guaranteed not to lose older commits!

I recommend GitHub's guide to splitting subfolders into a new repository. The steps are similar to Paul's answer, but I found their instructions easier to understand.
I have modified the instructions so that they apply for a local repository, rather than one hosted on GitHub.
Splitting a subfolder out into a new repository
Open Git Bash.
Change the current working directory to the location where you want to create your new repository.
Clone the repository that contains the subfolder.
git clone OLD-REPOSITORY-FOLDER NEW-REPOSITORY-FOLDER
Change the current working directory to your cloned repository.
cd REPOSITORY-NAME
To filter out the subfolder from the rest of the files in the repository, run git filter-branch, supplying this information:
FOLDER-NAME: The folder within your project that you'd like to create a separate repository from.
Tip: Windows users should use / to delimit folders.
BRANCH-NAME: The default branch for your current project, for example, master or gh-pages.
git filter-branch --prune-empty --subdirectory-filter FOLDER-NAME BRANCH-NAME
# Filter the specified branch in your directory and remove empty commits
Rewrite 48dc599c80e20527ed902928085e7861e6b3cbe6 (89/89)
Ref 'refs/heads/BRANCH-NAME' was rewritten

I had exactly this problem but all the standard solutions based on git filter-branch were extremely slow. If you have a small repository then this may not be a problem, it was for me. I wrote another git filtering program based on libgit2 which as a first step creates branches for each filtering of the primary repository and then pushes these to clean repositories as the next step. On my repository (500Mb 100000 commits) the standard git filter-branch methods took days. My program takes minutes to do the same filtering.
It has the fabulous name of git_filter and lives here:
https://github.com/slobobaby/git_filter
on GitHub.
I hope it is useful to someone.

Use this filter command to remove a subdirectory, while preserving your tags and branches:
git filter-branch --index-filter \
"git rm -r -f --cached --ignore-unmatch DIR" --prune-empty \
--tag-name-filter cat -- --all

For what it's worth, here is how using GitHub on a Windows machine. Let's say you have a cloned repo in residing in C:\dir1. The directory structure looks like this: C:\dir1\dir2\dir3. The dir3 directory is the one I want to be a new separate repo.
Github:
Create your new repository: MyTeam/mynewrepo
Bash Prompt:
$ cd c:/Dir1
$ git filter-branch --prune-empty --subdirectory-filter dir2/dir3 HEAD
Returned: Ref 'refs/heads/master' was rewritten (fyi: dir2/dir3 is case sensitive.)
$ git remote add some_name git#github.com:MyTeam/mynewrepo.git
git remote add origin etc. did not work, returned "remote origin already exists"
$ git push --progress some_name master

As I mentioned above, I had to use the reverse solution (deleting all commits not touching my dir/subdir/targetdir) which seemed to work pretty well removing about 95% of the commits (as desired). There are, however, two small issues remaining.
FIRST, filter-branch did a bang up job of removing commits which introduce or modify code but apparently, merge commits are beneath its station in the Gitiverse.
Screenshot: Merge Madness!
This is a cosmetic issue which I can probably live with (he says...backing away slowly with eyes averted).
SECOND the few commits that remain are pretty much ALL duplicated! I seem to have acquired a second, redundant timeline that spans just about the entire history of the project. The interesting thing (which you can see from the picture below), is that my three local branches are not all on the same timeline (which is, certainly why it exists and isn't just garbage collected).
Screnshot: Double-double, Git filter-branch style
The only thing I can imagine is that one of the deleted commits was, perhaps, the single merge commit that filter-branch actually did delete, and that created the parallel timeline as each now-unmerged strand took its own copy of the commits. (shrug Where's my TARDiS?) I'm pretty sure I can fix this issue, though I'd really love to understand how it happened.
In the case of crazy mergefest-O-RAMA, I'll likely be leaving that one alone since it has so firmly entrenched itself in my commit history—menacing at me whenever I come near—, it doesn't seem to be actually causing any non-cosmetic problems and because it is quite pretty in Tower.app.

The Easier Way
install git splits. I created it as a git extension, based on jkeating's solution.
Split the directories into a local branch
#change into your repo's directory
cd /path/to/repo
#checkout the branch
git checkout XYZ
#split multiple directories into new branch XYZ
git splits -b XYZ XY1 XY2
Create an empty repo somewhere. We'll assume we've created an empty repo called xyz on GitHub that has path : git#github.com:simpliwp/xyz.git
Push to the new repo.
#add a new remote origin for the empty repo so we can push to the empty repo on GitHub
git remote add origin_xyz git#github.com:simpliwp/xyz.git
#push the branch to the empty repo's master branch
git push origin_xyz XYZ:master
Clone the newly created remote repo into a new local directory
#change current directory out of the old repo
cd /path/to/where/you/want/the/new/local/repo
#clone the remote repo you just pushed to
git clone git#github.com:simpliwp/xyz.git

You might need something like "git reflog expire --expire=now --all" before the garbage collection to actually clean the files out. git filter-branch just removes references in the history, but doesn't remove the reflog entries that hold the data. Of course, test this first.
My disk usage dropped dramatically in doing this, though my initial conditions were somewhat different. Perhaps --subdirectory-filter negates this need, but I doubt it.

Check out git_split project at https://github.com/vangorra/git_split
Turn git directories into their very own repositories in their own location. No subtree funny business. This script will take an existing directory in your git repository and turn that directory into an independent repository of its own. Along the way, it will copy over the entire change history for the directory you provided.
./git_split.sh <src_repo> <src_branch> <relative_dir_path> <dest_repo>
src_repo - The source repo to pull from.
src_branch - The branch of the source repo to pull from. (usually master)
relative_dir_path - Relative path of the directory in the source repo to split.
dest_repo - The repo to push to.

Put this into your gitconfig:
reduce-to-subfolder = !sh -c 'git filter-branch --tag-name-filter cat --prune-empty --subdirectory-filter cookbooks/unicorn HEAD && git reset --hard && git for-each-ref refs/original/ | cut -f 2 | xargs -n 1 git update-ref -d && git reflog expire --expire=now --all && git gc --aggressive --prune=now && git remote rm origin'

I'm sure git subtree is all fine and wonderful, but my subdirectories of git managed code that I wanted to move was all in eclipse.
So if you're using egit, it's painfully easy.
Take the project you want to move and team->disconnect it, and then team->share it to the new location. It will default to trying to use the old repo location, but you can uncheck the use-existing selection and pick the new place to move it.
All hail egit.

You can easily try the https://help.github.com/enterprise/2.15/user/articles/splitting-a-subfolder-out-into-a-new-repository/
This worked for me. The issues i faced in the steps given above are
in this command git filter-branch --prune-empty --subdirectory-filter FOLDER-NAME BRANCH-NAME
The BRANCH-NAME is master
if the last step fails when committing due to protection issue follow - https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/protected_branches.html

I've found quite straight forward solution,
The idea is to copy repository and then just remove unnecessary part.
This is how it works:
1) Clone a repository you'd like to split
git clone git#git.thehost.io:testrepo/test.git
2) Move to git folder
cd test/
2) Remove unnecessary folders and commit it
rm -r ABC/
git add .
enter code here
git commit -m 'Remove ABC'
3) Remove unnecessary folder(s) form history with BFG
cd ..
java -jar bfg.jar --delete-folders "{ABC}" test
cd test/
git reflog expire --expire=now --all && git gc --prune=now --aggressive
for multiply folders you can use comma
java -jar bfg.jar --delete-folders "{ABC1,ABC2}" metric.git
4) Check that history doesn't contains the files/folders you just deleted
git log --diff-filter=D --summary | grep delete
5) Now you have clean repository without ABC,
so just push it into new origin
remote add origin git#github.com:username/new_repo
git push -u origin master
That's it. You can repeat the steps to get another repository,
just remove XY1,XY2 and rename XYZ -> ABC on step 3

Found this wonderful article Original reference easy to follow. Documenting it here in case if it get's inaccessible.
1. Preparing the current repository
$ cd path/to/repository
$ git subtree split -P my-folder -b my-folder
Created branch 'my-folder'
aecbdc3c8fe2932529658f5ed40d95c135352eff
The name of the folder must be a relative path, starting from the root of the repository.
2. Creating the new repository
$ cd my-folder
$ git init
Initialized empty Git repository in /Users/adamwest/Projects/learngit/shop/my-folder/.git/
$ git add .
$ git commit -m "initial commit"
[master (root-commit) 192c10b] initial commit
1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 file
Here we just need to cd to the new folder, initialise the new repository, and commit any contents.
3.Add new remote repository and push
$ git remote add origin git#github.com:robertlyall/my-folder.git
$ git push origin -u master
Enumerating objects: 3, done.
Counting objects: 100% (3/3), done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 199 bytes | 199.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To github.com:robertlyall/my-folder.git
* [new branch] master -> master
Branch 'master' set up to track remote branch 'master' from 'origin'.
We add the new repository remote from GitHub here, then push our first commit to it.
4. Remove folder from main repository and push
$ cd ../
$ git rm -rf my-folder
rm 'my-folder/file'
$ git commit -m "Remove old folder"
[master 56aedbe] remove old folder
1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
delete mode 100644 my-folder/file
$ git push
Enumerating objects: 3, done.
Counting objects: 100% (3/3), done.
Delta compression using up to 4 threads
Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
Writing objects: 100% (2/2), 217 bytes | 217.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 2 (delta 1), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: Resolving deltas: 100% (1/1), completed with 1 local object.
To github.com:robertlyall/shop.git
74dd8b3..56aedbe master -> master
Finally, we cd back to the rooot directory, remove the folder from our main repository, then commit and push the change.
Now, we have the folder in our main repository but linked to a completely separate repository that can be reused across multiple projects.

Git - Exclude a config file from post-receive checkout

I have a git project that I'm working on locally. It's a PHP project with a config file that stores MySQL database connection information. My local MySQL settings are different from the remote settings.
On my remote, I have a post-receive hook that will checkout the files to a folder on the server:
#!/bin/sh
GIT_WORK_TREE="../demo" git checkout -f
chmod +x hooks/post-receive
How can I tell this checkout not to include (overwrite the config file), since it will replace the remote config file with my local one? I've tried adding my local config file to the .gitignore, but that didn't seem to do it.
Any idea how to exclude the config file from the checkout?

The proper solution is not committing your config.php (or whatever its name is) at all but rather putting it in the .gitignore and committing config.php.example instead.
So, simply remove the config file from the repository, rename it on your remote machine, pull so you have the newest commit (which would remove the file) and then move it back.

You can try this
Running command:
git rm -r --cached .
This removes everything from the index, then just run:
git add .
Commit it:
git commit -m ".gitignore is now working"

Capistrano uploads the .git directory

I am using git with capistrano.
I initialized my project inside my folder on my local machine as such:
git init
I then pushed the project the server directory
I then called cap deploy
The deploy works, except that it uploads the local .git folder structure, as well as my .gitignore and Capfile to a publicly accessible folder.
Here's my gitignore file:
.DS_Store
uploads/**/*
Capfile
.gitignore
.git/**/*
This doesn't seem to do the trick. Any help?
Thanks!
Edit: updated .gitignore file:
Changed deployment strategy to export:
set :deploy_via, :export
This works for ignoring the .git folder, but the contents of my .gitignore file seen below are still not taken into account
.DS_Store
includes/php/config.php
/uploads
Capfile
.git
EDIT 2 (Solution): Edit 1 in combination with the following did the trick.
Files that were already added prior to being listed in the .gitignore file would constantly be uploaded. Say I had the following .gitignore file.
.DS_Store
includes/php/config.php
Then I ran the following commands:
git add .
git commit -a -m 'some commit'
Then I decided to add to my .gitignore file so it now looks like this:
.DS_Store
includes/php/config.php
Capfile
Then again, I ran:
git add .
git commit -a -m 'another commit'
Now I'd see that .DS_Store and includes/php/config.php have not been uploaded, but that the Capfile has... This is what happened to me in my original question.
The reason: I think the .gitignore file is taken into account only when adding (i.e. git add .). If I already added files, then put them in the .gitignore file, they would have already been added to the project. I'd need to use the git rm command to remove them.
I just started anew with a new .git repo and that solved the problem, but you don't have to - you can just remove whatever files you already added but now want to ignore with the git rm command.
I selected the answer that helped me get to this conclusion as the right one, though the complete solution was just detailed above.

What is your deploy strategy?
Do you have Capistrano setup to exclude the .git file?
if you are using set :deploy_via, :copy then make sure to add the following:
set :copy_exclude, [".git/*", ".svn/*", ".DS_Store"]
Otherwise use set :deploy_via, :export which should ignore your source control folders
http://www.capify.org/index.php/Understanding_Deployment_Strategies

Looking at a similar question, it appears you don't need the wild card selectors and can just have:
uploads/
You need to deploy via :git in Capistrano and do an export. It's essentially a git clone and then just deletes the .git directory afterwards.
Your problem isn't much to do with Cap really. Make sure your .gitignore file is working correctly.

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