I am using php to query a database for one piece of information from each of 10 separate tables currently. The problem with using multiple queries is that it is extremely slow when accessing the web page that uses all of this information. I cannot seem to get all of the information back that I am wanting when one of the values does not exist due to the WHERE... statement.
For instance, my single queries are all in this format:
SELECT eval_id FROM eval WHERE user_id = $id;
My multiple table query looks like this:
SELECT eval_id,list_id,tab_id
FROM eval,list,tab
WHERE eval.user_id = $id
AND list.user_id = $id
AND tab.user_id = $id;
I tried to combine these queries into one large query, but when the user_id of one does not exist in the table, the comparison in the WHERE... statement screws up the entire query. Does anyone know the best way to retrieve all of this information?
Assume that the tables are "eval, list, and tab," and their id's are *_id respectively. What would be the best way to query this even if eval does not contain a result where the user_id = $id?
SELECT eval.eval_id, list.list_id
FROM user
JOIN eval ON eval.user_id = user.id
JOIN list ON list.user_id = user.id
WHERE user.id = $id
Hope it can help you.
Update: Just think about other solution:
SELECT eval_id as id, "eval" as table
FROM eval WHERE eval.user_id = $id
UNION
SELECT list_id as id, "list" as table
FROM list WHERE list.user_id = $id
You could use either of the following to your query in the WHERE statement:
AND TABLE.TABLE_id <> null //null
AND TABLE.TABLE_id <> 'null' //String null
AND TABLE.TABLE_id <> '' //empty String
Check your database to see what kind of empty value your id is returning and choose the addition that matches it.
Also, while LEFT JOINs may be better looking in a query, they are not always faster so make sure you test it before using.
Related
SELECT EXISTS
(SELECT * FROM table WHERE deleted_at IS NULL and the_date = '$the_date' AND company_name = '$company_name' AND purchase_country = '$p_country' AND lot = '$lot_no') AS numofrecords")
What is wrong with this mysql query?
It is still allowing duplicates inserts (1 out of 1000 records). Around 100 users making entries, so the traffic is not that big, I assume. I do not have access to the database metrics, so I can not be sure.
The EXISTS condition is use in a WHERE clause. In your case, the first select doesn't specify the table and the condition.
One example:
SELECT *
FROM customers
WHERE EXISTS (SELECT *
FROM order_details
WHERE customers.customer_id = order_details.customer_id);
Try to put your statement like this, and if it returns the data duplicated, just use a DISTINCT. (SELECT DISCTINCT * .....)
Another approach for you :
INSERT INTO your_table VALUES (SELECT * FROM table GROUP BY your_column_want_to_dupplicate);
The answer from #Nick gave the clues to solve the issue. Separated EXIST check and INSERT was not the best way. Two users were actually able to do INSERT, if one got 0. A single statement query with INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE... was the way to go.
So i'm trying to fetch all of the user_id's from the users-events table where the event_id is equal to the passed in variable (let's say it's 2 for now.)
In the database there are currently 2 ID's registered to that event_id which are 1 and 2.
This code however only returns the first of these values. I feel like i need to incorporate the first query into the while loop but i dont know how to go about it.
Any help would be greatly appriciated!
function showregisteredplayers($id){
$eventq = mysql_fetch_assoc(mysql_query("SELECT user_id FROM `users-events` WHERE event_id = '".$id."'"));
$rosterq = mysql_query("SELECT username FROM `users` WHERE `user_id` = '".$eventq['user_id']."'");
while($player = mysql_fetch_assoc($rosterq)){
echo("
<tr>
<td>".$player['username']."</td>
</tr>
");
}
}
Use a sub query then kill your first one.
SELECT username FROM `users` WHERE `user_id` IN
(
SELECT user_id FROM `users-events` WHERE event_id = 5
)
Rest is fine, you already are looping over the second result set so this should do. Unless you have a large number of records, there should not be any considerable performance degradation with the use of IN otherwise you can optimize the query.
5 is obviously just an example, use $id there correctly.
Why not use a JOIN?
SELECT username
FROM `users` AS u
INNER JOIN `users-events` AS ue ON u.user_id = ue.user_id
WHERE event_id = ?
Several advices:
Don't use mysql_ functions because are deprecated
Use prepared queries, then you only need to loop through execute method, take a look to Example 3 in this link (example from php.net using mysqli)
I have a table called website that contains some data about websites. The columns of this table are: id, website, quick_url, user_id, status, etc.
Each website that is in the table was added by a user, which is is saved in the user_id column.
I have another table called blocks that has only 3 columns: id, user_id, website_id.
I want to get all the websites from the website table, that were not added by a given user_id, but also, only the websites that were not blocked by the given user_id. So, websites that were not added by a given user or blocked by him.
Here is what I've tried:
SELECT * FROM website LEFT OUTER JOIN blocks ON tbl_website.userid = blocks.user_id WHERE website.user_id = blocks.user_id AND blocks.user_id = NULL AND website,user_id != '177' LIMIT 500;
It doesn't give me the wanted results ...
First, I've tried to do it like this:
SELECT * FROM tbl_website WHERE id<>(SELECT website_id from tbl_website_blocks WHERE user_id = '177')
which makes much more sense for me than my previous query, but I get this error: Subquery returns more than 1 row
I guess you can't have a "loop in loop" in an SQL query.
I'm aware that I could do two queries, and filter the results, but I would like to do it as much as possible from the SQL language, so that I don't "overload" the server.
Any suggestions would be appreciated.
In your second query rewrite the condition on
WHERE id not in (SELECT website_id from.....)
with <> you can compare it with just one value but your select returns list of values, so you can use not in to get results that are different then the selected list of IDs
Instead of '<>', try 'Not In'
SELECT * FROM tbl_website
WHERE id Not In (SELECT website_id from tbl_website_blocks WHERE user_id = '177')
I should also add this query is not a Join.
I want to do a SELECT on an empty table, but i still want to get a single record back with all the column names. I know there are other ways to get the column names from a table, but i want to know if it's possible with some sort of SELECT query.
I know this one works when i run it directly in MySQL:
SELECT * FROM cf_pagetree_elements WHERE 1=0;
But i'm using PHP + PDO (FETCH_CLASS). This just gives me an empty object back instead of an row with all the column names (with empty values). So for some reason that query doesn't work with PDO FETCH_CLASS.
$stmt = $this->db->prepare ( $sql );
$stmt->execute ( $bindings );
$result = $stmt->fetchAll ( \PDO::FETCH_CLASS, $class );
print_r($result); // Empty object... I need an object with column names
Anyone any idea if there's another method that i can try?
Adding on to what w00 answered, there's a solution that doesn't even need a dummy table
SELECT tbl.*
FROM (SELECT 1) AS ignore_me
LEFT JOIN your_table AS tbl
ON 1 = 1
LIMIT 1
In MySQL you can change WHERE 1 = 1 to just WHERE 1
To the other answers who posted about SHOW COLUMNS and the information scheme.
The OP clearly said: "I know there are other ways to get the column names from a table, but i want to know if it's possible with some sort of SELECT query."
Learn to read.
Anyway, to answer your question; No you can't. You cannot select a row from an empty table. Not even a row with empty values, from an empty table.
There is however a trick you can apply to do this.
Create an additional table called 'dummy' with just one column and one row in it:
Table: dummy
dummy_id: 1
That's all. Now you can do a select statement like this:
SELECT * FROM dummy LEFT OUTER JOIN your_table ON 1=1
This will always return one row. It does however contain the 'dummy_id' column too. You can however just ignore that ofcourse and do with the (empty) data what ever you like.
So again, this is just a trick to do it with a SELECT statement. There's no default way to get this done.
SHOW COLUMNS FROM cf_pagetree_elements;
This will give a result set explaining the table structure. You can quite easily parse the result with PHP.
Another method is to query the infomrmation schema table:
SELECT column_name FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name='cf_pagetree_elements';
Not really recommended though!
You could try:
SELECT * FROM information_schema.columns
WHERE table_name = "cf_pagetree_elements"
Not sure about your specific PHP+PDO approach (there may be complications), but that's the standard way to fetch column headings (field names).
this will list the columns of ANY query for PDO drivers that support getColumMeta. I am using this with SQL server and works fine even on very complex queries with aliased tables, sub-queries and unions. Gives me columns even when results are zero
<?php
// just an example of an empty query.
$query =$PDOdb->query("SELECT * from something where 1=0; ");
for ($i=0; $i<$query->columnCount(); $i++) {
echo $query->getColumnMeta($i)['name']."<br />";
}
?>
Even without PDO in the way, the database won't return the structure without at least one row. You could do this and ignore the data row:
SELECT * FROM cf_pagetree_elements LIMIT 1;
Or you could simply
DESC cf_pagetree_elements;
and deal with one row per field.
WHERE 1=0 does not work for me. It always returns empty set.
The latest PDO for SQLSVR definitely works with get column meta.
Simply set up your statement and use this to get an array of useful information:
$stmt->execute();
$meta= array();
foreach(range(0, $stmt->columnCount() - 1) as $column_index)
{
array_push($meta,$stmt->getColumnMeta($column_index));
}
Complete solution for Oracle or MySQL
for any or some columns (my goal is to get arbitrary columns exactly as they are in DB regardless of case)
for any table (w or w/o rows)
$qr = <<<SQL
SELECT $cols
FROM (SELECT NULL FROM DUAL)
LEFT JOIN $able t ON 1 = 0
SQL;
$columns = array_keys($con->query($qr)->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)[0]);
if($cols === "*") {
array_shift($columns);
}
YOu could use MetaData with;
$cols = mysql_query("SHOW COLUMNS FROM $tableName", $conn);
Is it ok to a mysql query inside a while loop using the ID of each row passed to fetch results from another table? OR is there a better way to do it?
$q = $__FROG_CONN__->query("SELECT cms_page.id, cms_page.title, cms_page.slug, cms_page_part.* FROM cms_page LEFT JOIN cms_page_part ON cms_page_part.page_id=cms_page.id WHERE cms_page.parent_id='8'");
$r = $q->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
echo '<ul id="project-list">';
foreach ($r as $row) {
echo '<li>';
echo '<img src="<img src="phpThumb/phpThumb.php?src=public/images/'.$row[0].'/th.jpg&w=162" alt="" />';
echo '<div class="p-text">';
echo '<h4>'.$row["location"].'<span>'.$row["project_date"].'</span></h4>';
echo '<p>'.$row["body"].'</p>';
echo '</div>';
echo '</li>';
}
echo '</ul>';
I am trying to pull the project_date, body and location fields from another table where the sql query matches. The title and slug are held in another table. There should only be a maximum of eight or so results but im getting alot more.
The suggestions using IN are fine, but if you are getting the ids from another query, it might be better to combine these two queries into one query using a join.
Instead of:
SELECT id FROM users WHERE age <30
SELECT id, x FROM userinfo WHERE userid IN ($id1, $id2, ..., $idn)
do:
SELECT users.id, userinfo.x
FROM users
LEFT JOIN userinfo ON userinfo.userid = users.id
WHERE age < 30
To reduce the overhead of preforming a query, you may want to look at getting all the data in a single query. In which case you may want to take a look at IN(), e.g.
SELECT * WHERE x IN (1, 2);
There is also BETWEEN()
SELECT * WHERE x BETWEEN 1 AND 2;
See the mysql docs for more information
I would try to build the query in a way where I only need to pass it once. Something like WHERE ID=1 OR ID=2 OR ... Passing multiple queries and returning multiple recordsets is expensive in terms of processing and network traffic.
This will be very inefficient, what you want is to join the tables on the ID
SELECT * FROM table1 LEFT JOIN table2 ON (table1.ID = table2.ID) WHERE condition
Mysql join documentation
This will return one set of rows with all the information you need, returned from both tables.
In a small application / small result set, this might be okay, but it results in a lot of (small) calls to the database.
If you can find an alternative way (perhaps see Yacoby's suggestion?) in which you can do one call to the database, this is probably better.
EDIT
If you are only interested in the IDs from one table, in order to get the correct results out of another table, perhaps a JOIN is what you are looking for?
SELECT t1.fieldA, t1.fieldB
FROM table1 t1
JOIN table2 t2 ON t1.ID = t2.ID
WHERE t2.someField = 'someValue'
Is it ok to a mysql query inside a while loop using the ID of each row passed to fetch results from another table? OR is there a better way to do it?
You should reformulate your query in SQL. Say, put the ids into a memory table and use it in a JOIN:
SELECT *
FROM idtable
JOIN mytable
ON mytable.id = idtable.id
This way, MySQL will make the loops for you but will make them in (usually) more efficient way.
SQL is a language designed to work with sets.
So if you have a set of ids and a table (which is a set of tuples), your first thought should be "how do I apply the set-based operations to these sets using SQL"?
Of course it is possible to run a bunch of simple queries in a loop but this way you just do extra work which SQL engine developers most probably have already done for you (and usually have done it in more efficient way).
You may want to read this article in my blog:
Double-thinking in SQL