I'm developing a part of an application that's responsible for exporting some data into CSV files. The application always uses UTF-8 because of its multilingual nature at all levels. But opening such CSV files (containing e.g. diacritics, cyrillic letters, Greek letters) in Excel does not achieve the expected results showing something like Г„/Г¤, Г–/Г¶. And I don't know how to force Excel understand that the open CSV file is encoded in UTF-8. I also tried specifying UTF-8 BOM EF BB BF, but Excel ignores that.
Is there any workaround?
P.S. Which tools may potentially behave like Excel does?
UPDATE
I have to say that I've confused the community with the formulation of the question. When I was asking this question, I asked for a way of opening a UTF-8 CSV file in Excel without any problems for a user, in a fluent and transparent way. However, I used a wrong formulation asking for doing it automatically. That is very confusing and it clashes with VBA macro automation. There are two answers for this questions that I appreciate the most: the very first answer by Alex https://stackoverflow.com/a/6002338/166589, and I've accepted this answer; and the second one by Mark https://stackoverflow.com/a/6488070/166589 that have appeared a little later. From the usability point of view, Excel seemed to have lack of a good user-friendly UTF-8 CSV support, so I consider both answers are correct, and I have accepted Alex's answer first because it really stated that Excel was not able to do that transparently. That is what I confused with automatically here. Mark's answer promotes a more complicated way for more advanced users to achieve the expected result. Both answers are great, but Alex's one fits my not clearly specified question a little better.
UPDATE 2
Five months later after the last edit, I've noticed that Alex's answer has disappeared for some reason. I really hope it wasn't a technical issue and I hope there is no more discussion on which answer is greater now. So I'm accepting Mark's answer as the best one.
Alex is correct, but as you have to export to csv, you can give the users this advice when opening the csv files:
Save the exported file as a csv
Open Excel
Import the data using Data-->Import External Data --> Import Data
Select the file type of "csv" and browse to your file
In the import wizard change the File_Origin to "65001 UTF" (or choose correct language character identifier)
Change the Delimiter to comma
Select where to import to and Finish
This way the special characters should show correctly.
The UTF-8 Byte-order mark will clue Excel 2007+ in to the fact that you're using UTF-8. (See this SO post).
In case anybody is having the same issues I was, .NET's UTF8 encoding class does not output a byte-order marker in a GetBytes() call. You need to use streams (or use a workaround) to get the BOM to output.
The bug with ignored BOM seems to be fixed for Excel 2013. I had same problem with Cyrillic letters, but adding BOM character \uFEFF did help.
It is incredible that there are so many answers but none answers the question:
"When I was asking this question, I asked for a way of opening a UTF-8
CSV file in Excel without any problems for a user,..."
The answer marked as the accepted answer with 200+ up-votes is useless for me because I don't want to give my users a manual how to configure Excel.
Apart from that: this manual will apply to one Excel version but other Excel versions have different menus and configuration dialogs. You would need a manual for each Excel version.
So the question is how to make Excel show UTF8 data with a simple double click?
Well at least in Excel 2007 this is not possible if you use CSV files because the UTF8 BOM is ignored and you will see only garbage. This is already part of the question of Lyubomyr Shaydariv:
"I also tried specifying UTF-8 BOM EF BB BF, but Excel ignores that."
I make the same experience: Writing russian or greek data into a UTF8 CSV file with BOM results in garbage in Excel:
Content of UTF8 CSV file:
Colum1;Column2
Val1;Val2
Авиабилет;Tλληνικ
Result in Excel 2007:
A solution is to not use CSV at all. This format is implemented so stupidly by Microsoft that it depends on the region settings in control panel if comma or semicolon is used as separator. So the same CSV file may open correctly on one computer but on anther computer not. "CSV" means "Comma Separated Values" but for example on a german Windows by default semicolon must be used as separator while comma does not work. (Here it should be named SSV = Semicolon Separated Values) CSV files cannot be interchanged between different language versions of Windows. This is an additional problem to the UTF-8 problem.
Excel exists since decades. It is a shame that Microsoft was not able to implement such a basic thing as CSV import in all these years.
However, if you put the same values into a HTML file and save that file as UTF8 file with BOM with the file extension XLS you will get the correct result.
Content of UTF8 XLS file:
<table>
<tr><td>Colum1</td><td>Column2</td></tr>
<tr><td>Val1</td><td>Val2</td></tr>
<tr><td>Авиабилет</td><td>Tλληνικ</td></tr>
</table>
Result in Excel 2007:
You can even use colors in HTML which Excel will show correctly.
<style>
.Head { background-color:gray; color:white; }
.Red { color:red; }
</style>
<table border=1>
<tr><td class=Head>Colum1</td><td class=Head>Column2</td></tr>
<tr><td>Val1</td><td>Val2</td></tr>
<tr><td class=Red>Авиабилет</td><td class=Red>Tλληνικ</td></tr>
</table>
Result in Excel 2007:
In this case only the table itself has a black border and lines. If you want ALL cells to display gridlines this is also possible in HTML:
<html xmlns:x="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/plain; charset=UTF-8"/>
<xml>
<x:ExcelWorkbook>
<x:ExcelWorksheets>
<x:ExcelWorksheet>
<x:Name>MySuperSheet</x:Name>
<x:WorksheetOptions>
<x:DisplayGridlines/>
</x:WorksheetOptions>
</x:ExcelWorksheet>
</x:ExcelWorksheets>
</x:ExcelWorkbook>
</xml>
</head>
<body>
<table>
<tr><td>Colum1</td><td>Column2</td></tr>
<tr><td>Val1</td><td>Val2</td></tr>
<tr><td>Авиабилет</td><td>Tλληνικ</td></tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
This code even allows to specify the name of the worksheet (here "MySuperSheet")
Result in Excel 2007:
We have used this workaround:
Convert CSV to UTF-16 LE
Insert BOM at beginning of file
Use tab as field separator
Had the same problems with PHP-generated CSV files.
Excel ignored the BOM when the Separator was defined via "sep=,\n" at the beginning of the content (but of course after the BOM).
So adding a BOM ("\xEF\xBB\xBF") at the beginning of the content and setting the semicolon as separator via fputcsv($fh, $data_array, ";"); does the trick.
You can convert .csv file to UTF-8 with BOM via Notepad++:
Open the file in Notepad++.
Go to menu Encoding→Convert to UTF-8-BOM.
Go to menu File→Save.
Close Notepad++.
Open the file in Excel .
Worked in Microsoft Excel 2013 (15.0.5093.1000) MSO (15.0.5101.1000) 64-bit from Microsoft Office Professional Plus 2013 on Windows 8.1 with locale for non-Unicode programs set to "German (Germany)".
Old question but heck, the simplest solution is:
Open CSV in Notepad
Save As -> select the right encoding
Open the new file
I have had the same issue in the past (how to produce files that Excel can read, and other tools can also read). I was using TSV rather than CSV, but the same problem with encodings came up.
I failed to find any way to get Excel to recognize UTF-8 automatically, and I was not willing/able to inflict on the consumers of the files complicated instructions how to open them. So I encoded them as UTF-16le (with a BOM) instead of UTF-8. Twice the size, but Excel can recognize the encoding. And they compress well, so the size rarely (but sadly not never) matters.
As I posted on http://thinkinginsoftware.blogspot.com/2017/12/correctly-generate-csv-that-excel-can.html:
Tell the software developer in charge of generating the CSV to correct it. As a quick workaround you can use gsed to insert the UTF-8 BOM at the beginning of the string:
gsed -i '1s/^\(\xef\xbb\xbf\)\?/\xef\xbb\xbf/' file.csv
This command inserts the UTF-4 BOM if not present. Therefore it is an idempotent command. Now you should be able to double click the file and open it in Excel.
In php you just prepend $bom to your $csv_string:
$bom = sprintf( "%c%c%c", 239, 187, 191); // EF BB BF
file_put_contents( $file_name, $bom . $csv_string );
Tested with MS Excel 2016, php 7.2.4
Simple vba macro for opening utf-8 text and csv files
Sub OpenTextFile()
filetoopen = Application.GetOpenFilename("Text Files (*.txt;*.csv), *.txt;*.csv")
If filetoopen = Null Or filetoopen = Empty Then Exit Sub
Workbooks.OpenText Filename:=filetoopen, _
Origin:=65001, DataType:=xlDelimited, Comma:=True
End Sub
Origin:=65001 is UTF-8.
Comma:True for .csv files distributed in colums
Save it in Personal.xlsb to have it always available.
Personalise excel toolbar adding a macro call button and open files from there.
You can add more formating to the macro, like column autofit , alignment,etc.
Just for help users interested on opening the file on Excel that achieve this thread like me.
I have used the wizard below and it worked fine for me, importing an UTF-8 file.
Not transparent, but useful if you already have the file.
Open Microsoft Excel 2007.
Click on the Data menu bar option.
Click on the From Text icon.
Navigate to the location of the file that you want to import. Click on the filename and then click on the Import button. The Text Import Wizard - Step 1 or 3 window will now appear on the screen.
Choose the file type that best describes your data - Delimited or Fixed Width.
Choose 65001: Unicode (UTF-8) from the drop-down list that appears next to File origin.
Click on the Next button to display the Text Import Wizard - Step 2 or 3 window.
Place a checkmark next to the delimiter that was used in the file you wish to import into Microsoft Excel 2007. The Data preview window will show you how your data will appear based on the delimiter that you chose.
Click on the Next button to display the Text Import Wizard - Step 3 of 3.
Choose the appropriate data format for each column of data that you want to import. You also have the option to not import one or more columns of data if you want.
Click on the Finish button to finish importing your data into Microsoft Excel 2007.
Source: https://www.itg.ias.edu/content/how-import-csv-file-uses-utf-8-character-encoding-0
A truly amazing list of answers, but since one pretty good one is still missing, I'll mention it here: open the csv file with google sheets and save it back to your local computer as an excel file.
In contrast to Microsoft, Google has managed to support UTF-8 csv files so it just works to open the file there. And the export to excel format also just works. So even though this may not be the preferred solution for all, it is pretty fail safe and the number of clicks is not as high as it may sound, especially when you're already logged into google anyway.
This is my working solution:
vbFILEOPEN = "your_utf8_file.csv"
Workbooks.OpenText Filename:=vbFILEOPEN, DataType:=xlDelimited, Semicolon:=True, Local:=True, Origin:=65001
The key is Origin:=65001
Yes it is possible. When writing the stream creating the csv, the first thing to do is this:
myStream.Write(Encoding.UTF8.GetPreamble(), 0, Encoding.UTF8.GetPreamble().Length)
Yes, this is possible. As previously noted by multiple users, there seems to be a problem with excel reading the correct Byte Order Mark when the file is encoded in UTF-8. With UTF-16 it does not seem to have a problem, so it is endemic to UTF-8. The solution I use for this is adding the BOM, TWICE. For this I execute the following sed command twice:
sed -I '1s/^/\xef\xbb\xbf/' *.csv
, where the wildcard can be replaced with any file name. However, this leads to a mutation of the sep= at the beginning of the .csv file. The .csv file will then open normally in excel, but with an extra row with "sep=" in the first cell.
The "sep=" can also be removed in the source .csv itself, but when opening the file with VBA the delimiter should be specified:
Workbooks.Open(name, Format:=6, Delimiter:=";", Local:=True)
Format 6 is the .csv format. Set Local to true, in case there are dates in the file. If Local is not set to true the dates will be Americanized, which in some cases will corrupt the .csv format.
This is not accurately addressing the question but since i stumbled across this and the above solutions didn't work for me or had requirements i couldn't meet, here is another way to add the BOM when you have access to vim:
vim -e -s +"set bomb|set encoding=utf-8|wq" filename.csv
hi i'm using ruby on rails for csv generation. In our application we plan to go for the multi language(I18n) and we faced an issue while viewing I18n content in the CSV file of windows excel.
Was fine with Linux (Ubuntu) and mac.
We identified that windows excel need to be imported the data again to view the actual data. While import we will get more options to choose character set.
But this can’t be educated for each and every user, so solution we looking for is to open just by double click.
Then we identified the way of showing data by open mode and bom in windows excel with the help of aghuddleston gist. Added at reference.
Example I18n content
In Mac and Linux
Swedish : Förnamn
English : First name
In Windows
Swedish : Förnamn
English : First name
def user_information_report(report_file_path, user_id)
user = User.find(user_id)
I18n.locale = user.current_lang
open_mode = "w+:UTF-16LE:UTF-8"
bom = "\xEF\xBB\xBF"
body user, open_mode, bom
end
def headers
headers = [
"ID", "SDN ID",
I18n.t('sys_first_name'), I18n.t('sys_last_name'), I18n.t('sys_dob'),
I18n.t('sys_gender'), I18n.t('sys_email'), I18n.t('sys_address'),
I18n.t('sys_city'), I18n.t('sys_state'), I18n.t('sys_zip'),
I18n.t('sys_phone_number')
]
end
def body tenant, open_mode, bom
File.open(report_file_path, open_mode) do |f|
csv_file = CSV.generate(col_sep: "\t") do |csv|
csv << headers
tenant.patients.find_each(batch_size: 10) do |patient|
csv << [
patient.id, patient.patientid,
patient.first_name, patient.last_name, "#{patient.dob}",
"#{translate_gender(patient.gender)}", patient.email, "#{patient.address_1.to_s} #{patient.address_2.to_s}",
"#{patient.city}", "#{patient.state}", "#{patient.zip}",
"#{patient.phone_number}"
]
end
end
f.write bom
f.write(csv_file)
end
end
Important things to note here is open mode and bom
open_mode = "w+:UTF-16LE:UTF-8"
bom = "\xEF\xBB\xBF"
Before writing the CSV insert BOM
f.write bom
f.write(csv_file)
Windows and Mac
File can be opened directly by double clicking.
Linux (ubuntu)
While opening a file ask for the separator options -> choose “TAB”
Download & install LibreOffice Calc
Open the csv file of your choice in LibreOffice Calc
Thank the heavens that an import text wizard shows up...
...select your delimiter and character encoding options
Select the resulting data in Calc and copy paste to Excel
I faced the same problem a few days ago, and could not find any solution because I cannot use the import from csv feature because it makes everything to be styled as string.
My solution was to first open the file with notpad++ and change the encode to ASCII.
Then just opened the file in excel and it worked as expected.
Working solution for office 365
save in UTF-16 (no LE, BE)
use separator \t
Code in PHP
$header = ['číslo', 'vytvořeno', 'ěščřžýáíé'];
$fileName = 'excel365.csv';
$fp = fopen($fileName, 'w');
fputcsv($fp, $header, "\t");
fclose($fp);
$handle = fopen($fileName, "r");
$contents = fread($handle, filesize($fileName));
$contents = iconv('UTF-8', 'UTF-16', $contents);
fclose($handle);
$handle = fopen($fileName, "w");
fwrite($handle, $contents);
fclose($handle);
This is an old question but I've just encountered had a similar problem and the solution may help others:
Had the same issue where writing out CSV text data to a file, then opening the resulting .csv in Excel shifts all the text into a single column. After having a read of the above answers I tried the following, which seems to sort the problem out.
Apply an encoding of UTF-8 when you create your StreamWriter. That's it.
Example:
using (StreamWriter output = new StreamWriter(outputFileName, false, Encoding.UTF8, 2 << 22)) {
/* ... do stuff .... */
output.Close();
}
If you want to make it fully automatic, one click, or to load automatically into Excel from say a web page, but can't generate proper Excel files, then I would suggest looking at SYLK format as an alternative. OK it is not as simple as CSV but it is text based and very easy to implement and it supports UTF-8 with no issues.
I wrote a PHP class that receives the data and outputs a SYLK file which will open directly in Excel by just clicking the file (or will auto-launch Excel if you write the file to a web page with the correct mime type. You can even add formatting (like bold, format numbers in particular ways etc) and change column sizes, or auto size columns to the text in the columns and all in all the code is probably not more than about 100 lines.
It is dead easy to reverse engineer SYLK by creating a simple spreadsheet and saving as SYLK and then reading it with a text editor. The first block are headers and standard number formats that you will recognise (which you just regurgitate in every file you create), then the data is simply an X/Y coordinate and a value.
I am generating csv files from a simple C# application and had the same problem. My solution was to ensure the file is written with UTF8 encoding, like so:
// Use UTF8 encoding so that Excel is ok with accents and such.
using (StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter(path, false, Encoding.UTF8))
{
SaveCSV(writer);
}
I originally had the following code, with which accents look fine in Notepad++ but were getting mangled in Excel:
using (StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter(path))
{
SaveCSV(writer);
}
Your mileage may vary - I'm using .NET 4 and Excel from Office 365.
I tried everything I could find on this thread and similar, nothing worked fully. However, importing to google sheets and simply downloading as csv worked like a charm. Try it out if you come to my frustration point.
It's March 2022, and it seems we cannot use both a BOM and the sep=... line.
Adding the sep=\t or similar, makes Excel ignore the BOM.
Using a semicolon seems to be a default Excel understands, in which case we can skip the sep=... line and it works.
This is Microsoft 365 with Excel version 2110 build 14527.20276.
Found a solution for ASP.NET Core to download CSV's as UTF8 with POM:
byte[] csvBytes = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(csvString);
UTF8Encoding utf8 = new UTF8Encoding(true);
byte[] bom = utf8.GetPreamble();
var result = bom.Concat(csvBytes).ToArray();
return new FileContentResult(result, MediaTypeHeaderValue.Parse("text/csv; charset=utf-8"));
Excel is recognizes the downloaded CSV file than as UTF8.
Just sharing a comprehensive function that might make your life easier working with CSV files.... please note last function argument in relation to this topic
function array2csv($data, $file = '', $download = true, $mode = 'w+', $delimiter = ',', $enclosure = '"', $escape_char = "\\", $addUnicodeBom = false)
{
$return = false;
if ($file == '') {
$f = fopen('php://memory', 'r+');
} else {
$f = fopen($file, $mode);
}
if ($addUnicodeBom) {
$utf8_with_bom = chr(239) . chr(187) . chr(191);
fwrite($f, $utf8_with_bom);
}
foreach ($data as $line => $item) {
fputcsv($f, $item, $delimiter, $enclosure, $escape_char);
}
rewind($f);
if ($download == true) {
$return = stream_get_contents($f);
} else {
$return = true;
}
return $return;
}
First save the Excel spreadsheet as Unicode text. Open the TXT file using Internet explorer and click "Save as" TXT Encoding - choose the appropriate encoding, i.e. for Win Cyrillic 1251
I am using pdftk library to extract the form fields from the pdf .Everything is just running fine except the one issue that i got a pdf file pdf file link. which causes the error is given bellow
Error: Failed to open PDF file:
http://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/files/form/i-9.pdf
Done. Input errors, so no output created.
command for this is
root#ri8-MS-7788:/home/ri-8# pdftk http://192.168.1.43/form/i-9.pdf dump_data_fields
the same command is working for all other forms .
Attempt1
I have tried to encrypt the pdf to unsafe version but it produce the same error . here is the command
pdftk http://192.168.1.43/forms/i-9.pdf input_pw foopass output /var/www/forms/un-i-9.pdf
Update
this is my full function to handle this
public function Formanalysis($pdfname)
{
$pdffile=Yii::app()->getBaseUrl(true).'/uploads/forms/'.$pdfname;
exec("pdftk ".$pdffile." dump_data_fields 2>&1", $output,$retval);
//got an error for some pdf if these are secure
if(strpos($output[0],'Error') !== false)
{
$unsafepdf=Yii::getPathOfAlias('webroot').'/uploads/forms/un-'.$pdfname;
//echo "pdftk ".$pdffile." input_pw foopass output ".$unsafepdf;
exec("pdftk ".$pdffile." input_pw foopass output ".$unsafepdf);
exec("pdftk ".$unsafepdf." dump_data_fields 2>&1", $outputunsafe,$retval);
return $outputunsafe ;
//$response=array('0'=>'error','error'=>$output[0]);
//return $response;
}
//if (strpos($output[0],'Error') !== false){ echo "error to run" ; } // this is the option to handle error
return $output;
}
PdfTk is a tool that was created by compiling an obsolete version of iText to an executable using the GNU Compiler for Java (GCJ) (PdfTk is not endorsed by iText Group NV).
I have examined your PDF and it uses two technologies that weren't supported by iText at the time PdfTk was created: XFA and compressed cross-reference tables.
The latter is what causes your problem. PdfTk expects your file to end like this:
xref
0 7
0000000000 65535 f
0000000258 00000 n
0000000015 00000 n
0000000346 00000 n
0000000146 00000 n
0000000397 00000 n
0000000442 00000 n
trailer
<</ID [<c8bf0ac531b0fc7b5b9ec5daf0296834><ec4dde54d00305ebbec62f3f6bbca974>]/Root 5 0 R/Size 7/Info 6 0 R>>
%iText-5.4.3
startxref
595
%%EOF
In this snippet startxref marks the byte offset of xref which is where the cross-reference table starts. This table contains the byte-offsets of all the objects in the PDF.
When you look at the PDF you refer to, you see that it ends like this:
64 0 obj
<</DecodeParms<</Columns 5/Predictor 12>>/Encrypt 972 0 R/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<85C47EA3EFE49E4CB0F087350055FDDC><C3F1748360D0464FBA02D711DE864630>]/Info 970 0 R/Length 283/Root 973 0 R/Size 971/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream
hÞìÒ±JQЙ·»7J¢©ÕØ(Xþ„ù »h%¤É¤¶”€mZ+;ÁN,,ÁÆ6 XÁ&‚("î½YŒI‘Bî‡áμ]ö1Áð÷³cfþ‹ûÐÚLî`z„Ýôœùw÷N×X?ÙkNv`hÁÒj¦G[œiÀå»›œ?b½Än…ÉëàÍþ gY—i7WW‡òj®îÍ°u¸Ò‡Ñ:óÆÛ™ñÎë&'×݈§ü†ù!ÿñ€ù%,\ácçÙ9˜ì±Þ€S¼Ãd—‰Áy~×.ø¶Åìþßn_˜$9Ôüw£X9#åxzçgRüüóÙwÝ¡œÄNJ©½’Ú+©½’R{%µWR{%ÿ·á”;`_ z6Ø
endstream
endobj
startxref
116
%%EOF
In this case, startxref still refers to where the first cross-reference table starts (it's a linearized PDF), but the cross reference table is stored inside an object, and that object is compressed (see the gibberish between the stream and endstream keywords).
Compressed cross-reference tables and compressed objects were introduced in PDF 1.5 (2003), but they aren't supported by PdfTk. You'll have to find a tool that can deal with such streams (e.g. a recent version of iText, which is the real stuff when compared to PdfTk), or you have to save your PDF as a PDF 1.4 before you treat it with PdfTk (but you'll lose the XFA, because XFA was also introduced in PDF 1.5).
Update:
Since you are asking about form fields, I'm adding the following attachment:
This screenshot was taken using iText RUPS (which proves that iText can open the document). To the right, you see that the same form is defined twice:
If you would walk down the tree under Fields, you'd find all the fields that are stored in the PDF using AcroForm technology. To the left, you can see the description of such a field:
If you look under XFA, you notice that the same form is also defined using the XML Forms Architecture. If you click on datasets, you see the XML description of the dataset in the lower panel:
All of this information can be accessed programmatically using iText (Java) or iTextSharp (C#). PdfTk is merely a tool based on a very old version of this technology.
this may be a little trick solution but should work for you . as #bruno said that this is encrypted file . You should decrypt this before you use for the pdftk . For this i found a way to decrypt that is qpdf a free opem source library to decrypt the pdf, remove the owner and user passwords etc and many more. You can find this here Qpdf. install it on your system . and run this command
qpdf --decrypt input.pdf output.pdf
then use the output file in the pdftk command . it should work .
I have some RTF files generated by users with Microsoft Word. I need to be able to concatenate these files, and the result file should still be readable by libreoffice. I'm using libreoffice in order to convert the result file into a PDF file.
In order to concatenate two files, my application remove the last character of the first file and the first one of my other file. The files headers are not removed (I'm not speaking about page header).
For some reason, libreoffice do not like the headers inserted by Microsoft Word. But it works fine if I open these files with Wordpad and save them.
Another way to remove these headers is to convert these files into RTF before I concatenate them. This way i can convert into PDF, but libreoffice make a serious mess with my tabs when i convert my files to RTF.
So how can I remove the headers through PHP withouth messing with tabs ? Or do you have another way to get to the same result ?
Edit :
In a nutshell, I must be able to concanate these files and that libreoffice could open it. And my tabs must still display nicely in Microsoft Word.
As you can guess, users don't want to use Wordpad. And my customer's IT department has to comply to that wish ( office politics).
UPDATE :
I have to do the merging first, because of business rules. The files are merged, then my users can modify it using Word (no problems here). Then they ask their boss to validate it. If the boss agree to validate, the RTF file become a PDF file.
UPDATE 2 :
I have a begenning of a solution. If the RTF file start by plain text or a picture, you have to remove everything until you get \pard. But this does not work if you file start by a tab.
UPDATE 3 :
If you want to support tab too, you have to remove evrything until you get \pard or \trowd. I'm going to post the total solution once i get a working code. This will works fine as long you don't need colours and that all yours files use the same font (because we don't remove the RTF headers of the first file).
If the limitations with the 'pure RTF' approach come back to bite you, you could use LibreOffice to convert your RTF files to docx, then use a tool to merge the docx files.
There are such tools for .NET and Java (such as our MergeDocx product); I'm not sure what you'll find for PHP.
I succeed to build a reliable code, which make possible to manipulate the RTF files created with Microsoft Word. It works as long as you only need text, pictures and tabs, and don't need fancy things as color. Color works for text, but beside that ...
$content = "";
//stristr Returns all of haystack starting from and including the first occurrence of needle to the end.
$tmp_pard = stristr($RTFstring, "\pard");
//stristr fail to detect \trowd
$tmp_tab = stristr($RTFstring, "trowd");
if($tmp_pard != "" || $tmp_tab != "") {
//We pick the longer string. Because we want the first occurence of \pard or \trowd
if(strlen($tmp_pard) > strlen($tmp_tab))
// { is added so concatenation code still works. We just remove headers.
$content = "{" . substr($RTFstring,-strlen($tmp_pard)) ;
else
$content = "{" . "\\". substr($RTFstring,-strlen($tmp_tab)) ;
} else {
$content = $RTFstring;
}
return $content;