nginx rewrite rule causing 403 error - php

Question

I am using Linux Mint 17.1 (Rebecca), with Nginx, and Phalcon PHP, and I am trying to get rewrite rules to work with it. The contents of php configuration files which is located in /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default:
##
# You should look at the following URL's in order to grasp a solid understanding
# of Nginx configuration files in order to fully unleash the power of Nginx.
# http://wiki.nginx.org/Pitfalls
# http://wiki.nginx.org/QuickStart
# http://wiki.nginx.org/Configuration
#
# Generally, you will want to move this file somewhere, and start with a clean
# file but keep this around for reference. Or just disable in sites-enabled.
#
# Please see /usr/share/doc/nginx-doc/examples/ for more detailed examples.
##
# Default server configuration
#
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
# SSL configuration
#
# listen 443 ssl default_server;
# listen [::]:443 ssl default_server;
#
# Self signed certs generated by the ssl-cert package
# Don't use them in a production server!
#
# include snippets/snakeoil.conf;
root /var/www/html;
# Add index.php to the list if you are using PHP
index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html index.php;
server_name _;
location ~ $root/phalcon_tutorial {
rewrite ^/$ /public/ break;
rewrite ^(.*)$ /public/$1\.php break;
if (!-e $request_filename) {
rewrite ^(.*)$ /index.php?_url=/$1 break;
}
}
location / {
# First attempt to serve request as file, then
# as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
location ~ \.php$ {
#Credit to: www.slideshare.net/giorrgio/from-lamp-to-lnnp:
#prevent cgi.fix_pathinfo=1 security hole
if (!-f $request_filename) {
return 404;
}
#EndCredit
include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
# With php5-cgi alone:
#fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# With php5-fpm:
fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# Virtual Host configuration for example.com
#
# You can move that to a different file under sites-available/ and symlink that
# to sites-enabled/ to enable it.
#
#server {
# listen 80;
# listen [::]:80;
#
# server_name example.com;
#
# root /var/www/example.com;
# index index.html;
#
# location / {
# try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
# }
#}
and /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
##
# You should look at the following URL's in order to grasp a solid understanding
# of Nginx configuration files in order to fully unleash the power of Nginx.
# http://wiki.nginx.org/Pitfalls
# http://wiki.nginx.org/QuickStart
# http://wiki.nginx.org/Configuration
#
# Generally, you will want to move this file somewhere, and start with a clean
# file but keep this around for reference. Or just disable in sites-enabled.
#
# Please see /usr/share/doc/nginx-doc/examples/ for more detailed examples.
##
# Default server configuration
#
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
# SSL configuration
#
# listen 443 ssl default_server;
# listen [::]:443 ssl default_server;
#
# Self signed certs generated by the ssl-cert package
# Don't use them in a production server!
#
# include snippets/snakeoil.conf;
root /var/www/html;
# Add index.php to the list if you are using PHP
index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html index.php;
server_name _;
location ~ $root/phalcon_tutorial {
rewrite ^/$ /public/ break;
rewrite ^(.*)$ /public/$1\.php break;
if (!-e $request_filename) {
rewrite ^(.*)$ /index.php?_url=/$1 break;
}
}
location / {
# First attempt to serve request as file, then
# as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
location ~ \.php$ {
#Credit to: www.slideshare.net/giorrgio/from-lamp-to-lnnp:
#prevent cgi.fix_pathinfo=1 security hole
if (!-f $request_filename) {
return 404;
}
#EndCredit
include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
# With php5-cgi alone:
#fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# With php5-fpm:
fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# Virtual Host configuration for example.com
#
# You can move that to a different file under sites-available/ and symlink that
# to sites-enabled/ to enable it.
#
#server {
# listen 80;
# listen [::]:80;
#
# server_name example.com;
#
# root /var/www/example.com;
# index index.html;
#
# location / {
# try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
# }
#}
My nginx root is in the directory: /var/www/html
under that I am trying to do a phalcon php tutorial from this site: http://docs.phalconphp.com/en/latest/reference/tutorial.html#checking-your-installation
they are using the folder tutorial for the root folder of this tutorial, but I am using the folder name phalcon_tutorial instead:
when I type in localhost/phalcon_tutorial, it should be rewriting that url to localhost/phalcon_tutorial/public/index.php but I am getting 403 Forbidden error on localhost/phalcon_tutorial instead.
My directory under /var/www/html/phalcon_tutorial/ looks like this:
phalcon_tutorial/
|
|_app/
| |
| |_controllers/
| | |
| | |_IndexController.php
| |
| |_models/
| |
| |_views/
|
|_public/
|
|_css/
|
|_img/
|
|_index.php
|
|_js/
The index.php file looks like:
<?php
try {
//Register an autoloader
$loader = new \Phalcon\Loader();
$loader->registerDirs(array(
'../app/controllers/',
'../app/models/'
))->register();
//Create a DI
$di = new Phalcon\DI\FactoryDefault();
//Setup the view component
$di->set('view', function(){
$view = new \Phalcon\Mvc\View();
$view->setViewsDir('../app/views/');
return $view;
});
//Setup a base URI so that all generated URIs include the "tutorial" folder
$di->set('url', function(){
$url = new \Phalcon\Mvc\Url();
$url->setBaseUri('/phalcon_tutorial/');
return $url;
});
//Handle the request
$application = new \Phalcon\Mvc\Application($di);
echo $application->handle()->getContent();
} catch(\Phalcon\Exception $e) {
echo "PhalconException: ", $e->getMessage();
}
and my IndexController.php file looks like:
<?php
class IndexController extends \Phalcon\Mvc\Controller
{
public function indexAction()
{
echo "<h1>Hello!</h1>";
}
}
I can't seem to find the solution. I was thinking it might be a permission problem. I changed all of the folders and files starting from phalcon_tutorial from being owned by root to being owned by www-data by doing sudo chmod -R www-data phalcon_tutorial from /var/www/html, and I changed all permissions of folders from phalcon_tutorial down to 755, and I searched the internet and I thought maybe I had to disable follow_symlinks, so I went and edited /etc/nginx/nginx.conf and added disable_symlinks off under the http block - that file now looks like this:
user www-data;
worker_processes 4;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 768;
# multi_accept on;
}
http {
##
# Basic Settings
##
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
# server_tokens off;
# server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
# server_name_in_redirect off;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
##
# SSL Settings
##
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; # Dropping SSLv3, ref: POODLE
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
##
# Logging Settings
##
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
##
# Gzip Settings
##
gzip on;
gzip_disable "msie6";
# gzip_vary on;
# gzip_proxied any;
# gzip_comp_level 6;
# gzip_buffers 16 8k;
# gzip_http_version 1.1;
# gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
##
# Virtual Host Configs
##
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
disable_symlinks off;
}
#mail {
# # See sample authentication script at:
# # http://wiki.nginx.org/ImapAuthenticateWithApachePhpScript
#
# # auth_http localhost/auth.php;
# # pop3_capabilities "TOP" "USER";
# # imap_capabilities "IMAP4rev1" "UIDPLUS";
#
# server {
# listen localhost:110;
# protocol pop3;
# proxy on;
# }
#
# server {
# listen localhost:143;
# protocol imap;
# proxy on;
# }
#}
After doing all this I have restarted my nginx server, using the command sudo /etc/init.d/nginx restart - but like I said - when I go to localhost/phalcon_tutorial it is showing 403 Forbidden error, but if I go to localhost/phalcon_tutorial/public/ or localhost/phalcon_tutorial/public/index.php it is showing "Hello!"
How do I get this url rewriting properly using in nginx - without getting 403 error? I am not very experienced with url rewriting or server config files in general, and I have been spending a lot of time searching the internet trying to figure this out and I am at a loss.

Answer 1

Entry of /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/ should be symlinks to files in /etc/nginx/sites-available/.
Basically all your virtual host configs will be defined in the /etc/nginx/sites-available directory, to enable a config, you would create a symbolic link (or file shortcut) in the /etc/nginx/sites-enabled directory, equally to disable a config, you would remove the symbolic link. Nginx will do the rest and search the /etc/nginx/sites-enabled directory for active virtual host configs.
(directive include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;)
Have you tried understood problem with log files? I think, log files should contain info about wrong request and destination file.
I see that your config trying to include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*.conf file, but you configured your site at /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default(filename does not match given filemask *.conf)