How to reduce subquery execution time...? - php

I want per day sales item count so for that one i already created query but it takes to much around 55.585s and query is
Query :
SELECT
td.db_date,
(
select count(*) from order as order where DATE(order.created_on) = td.db_date
)as day_contribute
FROM time_dimension as td
So can any one please let me know how may i optimized this query and reduce execution time.?

You can modify your query to join like:
SELECT
td.db_date, count(order.id) as day_contribute
FROM time_dimension as td
LEFT JOIN order ON DATE(order.created_on) = td.db_date
GROUP BY td.db_date;
I do not know your primary id key for table order - so used just "order.id". Replace it with your.
Also it is very important - test if you have index on td.db_date field.
And one more important thing - better to avoid using DATE(order.created_on). Because it is mean that DATE() method will be called each time when DB will compare dates. If it is possible - convert order.created_on to same format as td.db_date. Or join by other fields. That will add speed too.

First you should make sure you have index on created_on column in order table.
However if you have many records in time_dimension and many records in order table it might be hard to optimize the query, because for each record from time_dimension you need to search in order table.
You can also change count(*) into count(order_id) (assuming primary key in order table is order_id) or add extra column with date only in order table (created_on_date with date only and index on this column) so your query could look like this:
SELECT
td.db_date,
(
select count(order_id) from order where order.created_on_date = td.db_date
)as day_contribute
FROM time_dimension as td
However it's possible the execution time might be too high if you have many records in both tables, so it might be necessary to create one extra table where you hold number of orders for each day and update it in cron or when adding/updating/deleting records in order table

Related

How do I improve the speed of these PHP MySQLi queries without indexing?

Lets start by saying that I cant use INDEXING as I need the INSERT, DELETE and UPDATE for this table to be super fast, which they are.
I have a page that displays a summary of order units collected in a database table. To populate the table an order number is created and then individual units associated with that order are scanned into the table to recored which units are associated with each order.
For the purposes of this example the table has the following columns.
id, UID, order, originator, receiver, datetime
The individual unit quantities can be in the 1000's per order and the entire table is growing to hundreds of thousands of units.
The summary page displays the number of units per order and the first and last unit number for each order. I limit the number of orders to be displayed to the last 30 order numbers.
For example:
Order 10 has 200 units. first UID 1510 last UID 1756
Order 11 has 300 units. first UID 1922 last UID 2831
..........
..........
Currently the response time for the query is about 3 seconds as the code performs the following:
Look up the last 30 orders by by id and sort by order number
While looking at each order number in the array
-- Count the number of database rows that have that order number
-- Select the first UID from all the rows as first
-- Select the last UID from all the rows as last
Display the result
I've determined the majority of the time is taken by the Count of the number of units in each order ~1.8 seconds and then determining the first and last numbers in each order ~1 second.
I am really interested in if there is a way to speed up these queries without INDEXING. Here is the code with the queries.
First request selects the last 30 orders processed selected by id and grouped by order number. This gives the last 30 unique order numbers.
$result = mysqli_query($con, "SELECT order, ANY_VALUE(receiver) AS receiver, ANY_VALUE(originator) AS originator, ANY_VALUE(id) AS id
FROM scandb
GROUP BY order
ORDER BY id
DESC LIMIT 30");
While fetching the last 30 order numbers count the number of units and the first and last UID for each order.
while($row=mysqli_fetch_array($result)){
$count = mysqli_fetch_array(mysqli_query($con, "SELECT order, COUNT(*) as count FROM scandb WHERE order ='".$row['order']."' "));
$firstLast = mysqli_fetch_array(mysqli_query($con, "SELECT (SELECT UID FROM scandb WHERE orderNumber ='".$row['order']."' ORDER BY UID LIMIT 1) as 'first', (SELECT UID FROM barcode WHERE order ='".$row['order']."' ORDER BY UID DESC LIMIT 1) as 'last'"));
echo "<td align= center>".$count['count']."</td>";
echo "<td align= center>".$firstLast['first']."</td>";
echo "<td align= center>".$firstLast['last']."</td>";
}
With 100K lines in the database this whole query is taking about 3 seconds. The majority of the time is in the $count and $firstlast queries. I'd like to know if there is a more efficient way to get this same data in a faster time without Indexing the table. Any special tricks that anyone has would be greatly appreciated.
Design your database with caution
This first tip may seems obvious, but the fact is that most database problems come from badly-designed table structure.
For example, I have seen people storing information such as client info and payment info in the same database column. For both the database system and developers who will have to work on it, this is not a good thing.
When creating a database, always put information on various tables, use clear naming standards and make use of primary keys.
Know what you should optimize
If you want to optimize a specific query, it is extremely useful to be able to get an in-depth look at the result of a query. Using the EXPLAIN statement, you will get lots of useful info on the result produced by a specific query, as shown in the example below:
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM ref_table,other_table WHERE ref_table.key_column=other_table.column;
Don’t select what you don’t need
A very common way to get the desired data is to use the * symbol, which will get all fields from the desired table:
SELECT * FROM wp_posts;
Instead, you should definitely select only the desired fields as shown in the example below. On a very small site with, let’s say, one visitor per minute, that wouldn’t make a difference. But on a site such as Cats Who Code, it saves a lot of work for the database.
SELECT title, excerpt, author FROM wp_posts;
Avoid queries in loops
When using SQL along with a programming language such as PHP, it can be tempting to use SQL queries inside a loop. But doing so is like hammering your database with queries.
This example illustrates the whole “queries in loops” problem:
foreach ($display_order as $id => $ordinal) {
$sql = "UPDATE categories SET display_order = $ordinal WHERE id = $id";
mysql_query($sql);
}
Here is what you should do instead:
UPDATE categories
SET display_order = CASE id
WHEN 1 THEN 3
WHEN 2 THEN 4
WHEN 3 THEN 5
END
WHERE id IN (1,2,3)
Use join instead of subqueries
As a programmer, subqueries are something that you can be tempted to use and abuse. Subqueries, as show below, can be very useful:
SELECT a.id,
(SELECT MAX(created)
FROM posts
WHERE author_id = a.id)
AS latest_post FROM authors a
Although subqueries are useful, they often can be replaced by a join, which is definitely faster to execute.
SELECT a.id, MAX(p.created) AS latest_post
FROM authors a
INNER JOIN posts p
ON (a.id = p.author_id)
GROUP BY a.id
Source: http://20bits.com/articles/10-tips-for-optimizing-mysql-queries-that-dont-suck/

Mysql fetch from last to first - [many records]

i want to fetch records from mysql starting from last to first LIMIT 20. my database have over 1M records. I am aware of order by. but from my understanding when using order by its taking forever to load 20 records i have no freaking idea. but i think mysql fetch all the records before ordering.
SELECT bookings.created_at, bookings.total_amount,
passengers.name, passengers.id_number, payments.amount,
passengers.ticket_no,bookings.phone,bookings.source,
bookings.destination,bookings.date_of_travel FROM bookings
INNER JOIN passengers ON bookings.booking_id = passengers.booking_id
INNER JOIN payments on payments.booking_id = bookings.booking_id
ORDER BY bookings.booking_id DESC LIMIT 10
I suppose if you execute the query without the order by the time would be satisfactory?
You might try to create an index in the column your are ordering:
create index idx_bookings_booking_id on bookings(booking_id)
You can try to find out complexity of the Query using
EXPLAIN SELECT bookings.created_at, bookings.total_amount,
passengers.name, passengers.id_number, payments.amount,
passengers.ticket_no,bookings.phone,bookings.source,
bookings.destination,bookings.date_of_travel FROM bookings
INNER JOIN passengers ON bookings.booking_id = passengers.booking_id
INNER JOIN payments on payments.booking_id = bookings.booking_id
ORDER BY bookings.booking_id DESC LIMIT 10
then check the proper index has been created on the table
SHOW INDEX FROM `db_name`.`table_name`;
if the index us not there create proper index on all the table
please add if anything is missing
The index lookup table needs to be able to reside in memory, if I'm not mistaken (filesort is much slower than in-mem lookup).
Use small index / column size
For a double in capacity use UNSIGNED columns if you need no negative values..
Tune sort_buffer_size and read_rnd_buffer_size (maybe better on connection level, not global)
See https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/order-by-optimization.html , particularly regarding using EXPLAIN and the maybe trying another execution plan strategy.
You seem to need another workaround like materialized views.
Tell me if this sounds like it:
Create another table like the booking table e.g. CREATE TABLE booking_short LIKE booking. Though you only need the booking_id column
And check your code for where exactly you create booking orders, e.g. where you first insert into booking. SELECT COUNT(*) FROM booking_short. If it is >20, delete the first record. Insert the new booking_id.
You can select the ID and join from there before joining for more details with the rest of the tables.
You won't need limit or sorting.
Of course, this needs heavy documentation to avoid maintenance problems.
Either that or https://stackoverflow.com/a/5912827/6288442

MySQL Query showing only the last item grouped by user

I got a database that registers user actions and their geolocation.
Now I would like to fetch this data at the hand of the last action per user.
The table looks a bit like:
geoaction_id AUTO INCREMENT
geoaction_user
geoaction_creationdate (Y-m-d H:i:s)
geoaction_action
geoaction_lon
geoaction_lat
Now I would like to make a simple query that selects of all users the last item.
But LIMIT 0,1 just parses one row no matter what. (LOGICALLY!!)
Group by gives a little better result.
But how to get only the last item per user?
Try this, please provide the queries you have checked out so far, in order to assist you better.
SELECT geoaction_user, geoaction_action
FROM table-name
GROUP BY geoaction_user
ORDER BY geoaction_action DESC LIMIT 1
Working with sets:
SELECT
g.geoaction_user,
g.geoaction_action,
g.geoaction_creationdate,
g.geoaction_lat,
g.geoaction_lon
FROM
(
SELECT
geoaction_user,
MAX(geoaction_id) max_id
FROM
geoactions
GROUP BY geoaction_user
) s
JOIN
geoactions g
ON s.geoaction_user = g.geoaction_user
AND s.max_id = geoaction_id
The subquery generates a virtual table with the geoaction_id from the latest entry in the tabble for each user_id, then the table is joined to get the data belong to the latest id.
If you need to filter out some records place the where clause in the subquery

Adding a Row into an alphabetically ordered SQL table

I have a SQL table with two columns:
'id' int Auto_Increment
instancename varchar
The current 114 rows are ordered alphabetically after instancename.
Now i want to insert a new row that fits into the order.
So say it starts with a 'B', it would be at around id 14 and therefore had to 'push down' all of the rows after id 14. How do i do this?
An SQL table is not inherently ordered! (It is just a set.) You would simply add the new row and view it using something like:
select instancename
from thetable
order by instancename;
I think you're going about this the wrong way. IDs shouldn't be changed. If you have tables that reference these IDs as foreign keys then the DBMS wouldn't let you change them, anyway.
Instead, if you need results from a specific query to be ordered alphabetically, tell SQL to order it for you:
SELECT * FROM table ORDER BY instancename
As an aside, sometimes you want something that can seemingly be a key (read- needs to be unique for each row) but does have to change from time to time (such as something like a SKU in a product table). This should not be the primary key for the same reason (there are undoubtedly other tables that may refer to these entries, each of which would also need to be updated).
Keeping this information distinct will help keep you and everyone else working on the project from going insane.
Try using an over and joining to self.
Update thetable
Set ID = r.ID
From thetable c Join
( Select instancename, Row_Number() Over(Order By instancename) As ID
From CollectionStatus) r On c.instancename= r.instancename
This should update the id column to the ordered number. You may have to disable it's identity first.

Join two tables, then Order By date, BUT combining both tables

Alright, I'm trying to figure out why I can't understand how to do this well...
I have two tables:
invoices:
id
userID
amount
date
payments:
id
userID
amount
date
So, the goal here is to join both tables, where the userID matches whatever I want it to be - and then return everything ordered by date (most recent at the top). However, because there is a date field in each of the tables, I'm not sure how MySQL will handle things... will is sort by both dates automatically? Here's what I was thinking...
"SELECT DISTINCT *
FROM invoices,payments
WHERE {$userID} = invoice.userID
OR {$userID} = payments.userID
ORDER BY date DESC";
But, it's starting to become clear to me that maybe this isn't even the right use of a join command... maybe I need to just get all data on each table alone, then try to sort it somehow with PHP? If that's the better method, what's a good way to do this type of DATE sort while keeping all row data in tact?
I should add, the TIME inside the unix timestamp (that's how "date" is stored) is NOT negligible - it should sort by the date and time.
Thanks all...
If the columns of both tables are the same, you can use a UNION
SELECT X.*
FROM ( SELECT `id`,
`userID`,
'INVOICE' AS PTYPE
`amount`,
`date`
FROM `invoices`
WHERE {$userID} = userID
UNION
SELECT `id`,
`userID`,
'PAYMENT' AS PTYPE
`amount`,
`date`
FROM `payments`
WHERE {$userID} = userID
) X
ORDER BY X.`date`
EDIT
Read the relevant section of the MySQL manual on UNIONS. There are other ways of phrasing this, but this is my preferred style - it should be clear to anybody reading that the ORDER BY clause applies to the result of both sides of the UNION. A carelessly written UNION - even with an ORDER BY - may still leave the final resultset in indeterminate order.
The purpose of the PTYPE is that this query returns an extra column called PTYPE, that indicates whether each individual row is an INVOICE or a PAYMENT... ie. which of the two tables it comes from. It's not mandatory, but can often be useful within a union
Because you have two identical fields named date, MySQL will not know which one you're trying to order by.
"SELECT DISTINCT *
FROM invoices,payments
WHERE {$userID} = invoice.userID
OR {$userID} = payments.userID
ORDER BY invoices.date, payments.date DESC";
This would sort on the invoice date, then the payment date - if that's what you are trying to find out
If your data tipe is Date, Timestamp, or anything related, the SGBD will order it properly. If that was what you've asked.
But if the datatype is String, even when dates is store, it will not sort the way you want.

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