I want to write a function that does some dirty work logging a transaction, but the anonymous function scope does not seem to register the parent scope $db and $value variables. How can I pass the variables into the closure?
Ironically, the SO tag 'closures' does not describe the PHP version of it very accurately...?
class controller
{
function submit()
{
$db = new database();
$result = $db->execute_tx(function() {
$db->insert_model_a($value_a); // ERROR: $db is non-object
$db->insert_model_b($value_b);
});
}
}
class database
{
function execute_tx($atomic_action)
{
try
{
$this->start();
$atomic_action();
$this->commit();
// etc..
}
catch(...)
{
$this->rollback();
// etc..
}
finally
{
// etc..
}
}
function insert_model_a() { ... }
function insert_model_b() { ... }
}
Use the use keyword to bind variables into the function's scope.
function() use ($db) {
Closures may also inherit variables from the parent scope. Any such variables must be declared in the function header [using use].
http://www.php.net/manual/en/functions.anonymous.php
Since PHP 8.0, arrow functions have been available. These inherit variables from the parent scope without any declarations:
Arrow functions support the same features as anonymous functions, except that using variables from the parent scope is always automatic.
They are intended for use with single expressions, so are not ideal for the code in the question, but using two of them would work:
class Controller
{
function submit()
{
$db = new database();
// one assumes $value_a and $value_b are defined in the submit method
$result = $db->execute_tx(fn() => $db->insert_model_a($value_a));
$result = $db->execute_tx(fn() => $db->insert_model_b($value_b));
}
}
Related
I try to create some sort of setup class, like global values for the page.
The PHP-code
class globals
{
public $page;
public function __construct()
{
}
public function set_page($value)
{
$this->page = $value; // Maybe from a database
}
}
class get
{
public function page()
{
$globals = new globals();
return $globals->page;
}
}
$globals = new globals();
$globals->set_page('My value');
echo get::page(); // Short function to be in a template
Question
My class forget the value I set. Why is that?
Do I have to use global variables?
Is this the correct approach for the problem?
The variable is set on an object, not on a class.
For each class, you can instantiate multiple objects. Each of those have their own variable scope.
Edit:
I forgot to include the easiest, and least verbose solution to your problem. AFAIK, you're looking for a way to check what page you're on. Constants will do just that:
defined('MY_CURRENT_PAGE') || define('MY_CURRENT_PAGE','My Value');
//use anywhere like so:
echo 'Currently on page: '.MY_CURRENT_PAGE;
My class forget the value I set. Why is that?
Quite simple: your page member function isn't static, yet you call it as though it is: get::page(). Even if you were to fix this, you're creating a new instance in the page method, but you're not preserving a reference too it anywhere, so each page call will create a new globals instance, that has nothing set.
Do I have to use global variables?
No, unless you're Really desperate, never use globals
Is this the correct approach for the problem?
No, if it doesn't work, it's not correct (IMHO).
Well, what is, you might ask. There are several ways to go about this:
class globals
{
public static $page = null;//make this static, meaning all instances will share this var
public function set_page($value)
{
self::$page = $value; // Maybe from a database
}
}
class get
{
private $_globalsInstance = null;
public function __construct(globals $instance = null)
{
$this->_globalsInstance = $instance;
}
private function _getGlobals()
{
if (!$this->_globalsInstance instanceof globals)
{
$this->_globalsInstance = new globals();
}
return $this->_globalsInstance;
}
public function page()
{
return $this->_getGlobals()::$page;
}
}
Personally, however, I wouldn't work like this, I'd just pass my instances to wherever I need them (as arguments to functions/methods or just instantiate them in a scope that will be accessible:
class globals
{
public $page = null;//make this static, meaning all instances will share this var
public function set_page($value)
{
$this->page = $value; // Maybe from a database
}
}
$page = new globals();
$page->set_page('foobar');
someFunction($page);
$someObject->renderPage($page);
require_once('specificScript.php');
//inside required script:
echo $page->page;
Do I have to use global variables?
Not, if your can use PHP 5.3
Is this the correct approach for the problem?
Better to use a generic class for this, or use static properties of objects
<?php
class globals
{
public static $page;
public function __construct()
{
}
public function set_page($value)
{
self::$page = $value; // Maybe from a database
}
}
class get
{
public static function page()
{
return globals::$page;
}
}
$globals = new globals();
$globals->set_page('My value');
echo get::page(); // Short function to be in a template
P.S.
But this is not a nice approach
$globals there
class get
{
public function page()
{
$globals = new globals();
return $globals->page;
}
}
and there
$globals = new globals();
$globals->set_page('My value');
are different inctances of globals class.
One of the solutions is to make $page var static
public static $page;
I hope this helps
UPD:
Also you might apply Singleton to globals class and request for its insnance instead of creating new one directly:
globals::getInstance()->setPage('Page');
and
return globals::getInstance()->getPage();
In this case $page doesn't have to be static.
I'm not sure the other answers are very clear. You have created 2 classes. As such they have different scopes. As writen you can't access the original variable $page from the get class because it's outside the scope. Your page function in fact creates a new version of the object $globals without $page set. Normally you would place both your set and get functions in the initial object/class. Though it would be possible to use two class by calling the first class from the second and setting the page. Why you would want to do that I'm not sure.
if I were writing the class it would look like this.
class globals
{
public $page;
public function __construct()
{
}
public function set_page($value)
{
$this->page = $value; // Maybe from a database
}
public function get_page()
{
return $this->page;
}
}
Actually I would probably set page to private not public. As public I guess you don't need a get function.
for using methods of the class without object you must use static definition. but anyway you put value for one class object and try to get it from another...
Perhaps this will help you continue on your coarse:
class globals
{
public static $page;
public function set_page($value)
{
self::$page = $value; // Maybe from a database
}
}
class get extends globals
{
public function page()
{
$globals = new globals();
return parent::$page;
}
}
$globals = new globals();
$globals->set_page('My value');
echo get::page();
?>
Is it possible to encapsulate, a variable or function let say, in PHP without wrapping them in a class? What I was doing is:
//Include the file containing the class which contains the variable or function
include('SomePage.php');
//Instantiate the class from "SomePage.php"
$NewObject = new SomeClassFromSomePage();
//Use the function or variable
echo $NewObject->SomeFuncFromSomeClass();
echo $NewObject->SomeVarFromSomeClass;
My intention is to avoid naming conflict. This routine, although it works, makes me tired. If I cannot do it without class, it is possible not to instantiate a class? and just use the variable or function instantly?
To use class methods and variables without instantiating, they must be declared static:
class My_Class
{
public static $var = 123;
public static function getVar() {
return self::var;
}
}
// Call as:
My_Class::getVar();
// or access the variable directly:
My_Class::$var;
With PHP 5.3, you can also use namespaces
namespace YourNamespace;
function yourFunction() {
// do something...
}
// While in the same namespace, call as
yourFunction();
// From a different namespace, call as
YourNamespace\yourFunction();
PHP Namespaces were made to archive the exact same goal:
<?php // foo.php
namespace Foo;
function bar() {}
class baz {
static $qux;
}
?>
When using call namespaced functions like this:
<?php //bar.php
include 'foo.php';
Foo\bar();
Foo\baz::$qux = 1;
?>
This is a way to encapsulate without Class
<?php
(function (){
$xyz = 'XYZ';
})();
echo $xyz; // warning: undefined
Encapsulation Alternative
With this method you can minimize unintentional using array key(uses it instead of variables). Can also use value stored in array anywhere after assigning. Shorter array key area length with variable in keys, inside encapsulation function; outside encapsulation function, variables can be used in keys but otherwise long discriptive keys. Nested encapsulation can also be used.
Example
<?php
define('APP', 'woi49f25gtx');
(function () {
$pre = 'functions__math__'; // "functions" is main category, "math" is sub.
$GLOBALS[APP][$pre . 'allowedNumbers'] = [3,5,6];
$GLOBALS[APP][$pre . 'square'] = function ($num) {
return $num * $num;
};
$GLOBALS[APP][$pre . 'myMathFunction'] = function ($num) use ($pre) {
if(in_array($num,$GLOBALS[APP][$pre . 'allowedNumbers'])) return 'not allowed';
return $GLOBALS[APP][$pre . 'square']($num);
};
})();
echo $GLOBALS[APP]['functions__math__myMathFunction'](4);
Is it possible to run a function when referring to a variable in a php class rather than simply returning its value, similar to javascript's ability for a variable to hold a method?
class LazyClassTest()
{
protected $_lazyInitializedVar;
public function __construct()
{
/* // How can this call and return runWhenReferrenced() when
// someone refers to it outside of the class:
$class = new LazyClass();
$class->lazy;
// Such that $class->lazy calls $this->runWhenReferrenced each
// time it is referred to via $class->lazy?
*/
$this->lazy = $this->runWhenReferrenced();
}
protected function runWhenReferrenced()
{
if (!$this->_lazyInitializedVar) {
$this->_lazyInitializedVar = 'someValue';
}
return $this->_lazyInitializedVar
}
}
PHP5s magic method __get($key) and __set($key, $value) might be what you need. More information about them is available in the PHP manual.
This sounds like PHP5.3: lambda / closures / anonymous functions
http://php.net/manual/en/functions.anonymous.php:
<?php
$greet = function($name) {
printf("Hello %s\r\n", $name);
};
$greet('World');
$greet('PHP');
?>
You are probably heading in the wrong direction. You normally want to define a getter getLazyVar(). There is a reason why people always make properties protected and defined getters / setters: So they can pre- or postprocess the values.
I'm trying to pass a parameter from a parent function to a child function while keeping the child function parameterless. I tried the following but it doesn't seem to work.
public static function parent($param)
{
function child()
{
global $param;
print($param) // prints nothing
}
}
You can use lambda functions from PHP 5.3 and on:
public static function parent($param) {
$child = function($param) {
print($param);
}
$child($param);
}
If you need to do it with earlier versions of PHP try create_function.
I think that the global you call in child() does not refer to that scope. Try running it with really global variable.
The right way to do this there would be to create an anonymous function inside your parent function, and then use the ''use'' keyword.
public static function parent($params) {
function() use ($params) {
print($params);
}
}
https://www.php.net/manual/en/functions.anonymous.php
In PHP, how do you use an external $var for use within a function in a class? For example, say $some_external_var sets to true and you have something like
class myclass {
bla ....
bla ....
function myfunction() {
if (isset($some_external_var)) do something ...
}
}
$some_external_var =true;
$obj = new myclass();
$obj->myfunction();
Thanks
You'll need to use the global keyword inside your function, to make your external variable visible to that function.
For instance :
$my_var_2 = 'glop';
function test_2()
{
global $my_var_2;
var_dump($my_var_2); // string 'glop' (length=4)
}
test_2();
You could also use the $GLOBALS array, which is always visible, even inside functions.
But it is generally not considered a good practice to use global variables: your classes should not depend on some kind of external stuff that might or might not be there !
A better way would be to pass the variables you need as parameters, either to the methods themselves, or to the constructor of the class...
Global $some_external_var;
function myfunction() {
Global $some_external_var;
if (!empty($some_external_var)) do something ...
}
}
But because Global automatically sets it, check if it isn't empty.
that's bad software design. In order for a class to function, it needs to be provided with data. So, pass that external var into your class, otherwise you're creating unnecessary dependencies.
Why don't you just pass this variable during __construct() and make what the object does during construction conditional on the truth value of that variable?
Use Setters and Getters or maybe a centralized config like:
function config()
{
static $data;
if(!isset($data))
{
$data = new stdClass();
}
return $data;
}
class myClass
{
public function myFunction()
{
echo "config()->myConfigVar: " . config()->myConfigVar;
}
}
and the use it:
config()->myConfigVar = "Hello world";
$myClass = new myClass();
$myClass->myFunction();
http://www.evanbot.com/article/universally-accessible-data-php/24