I'm new to OOP PHP and have been following Laracasts OOP Bootcamp. I have reached a certain part of the tutorial where I'm having trouble. I have the following file (ignore that conventions were not followed, as it is the learning phase):
<?php
class Person
{
protected $name;
public function __construct($name)
{
$this->name = $name;
}
}
class Staff
{
protected $members = [];
public function __constructor($members = [])
{
$this->members = $members;
}
public function add(Person $person)
{
$this->members[] = $person;
}
public function members()
{
return $this->members;
}
}
class Business
{
protected $staff;
public function __construct(Staff $staff)
{
$this->staff = $staff;
}
public function hire(Person $person)
{
$this->staff->add($person);
}
public function getStaffMembers()
{
return $this->staff->members();
}
}
$jeffrey = new Person('Jeffrey Way');
$staff = new Staff([$jeffrey]);
$laracasts = new Business($staff);
$laracasts->hire(new Person('Jane Doe'));
var_dump($laracasts->getStaffMembers());
Unfortunately, the var_dump is only giving me one staff member:
array(1) {
[0]=>
object(Person)#4 (1) {
["name":protected]=>
string(8) "Jane Doe"
}
}
I have tried adding [] to the line $this->members = $members; under Staff class but it's still giving me the same output. I've also double checked the files, I should be expecting two members instead of one.
Can someone tell me where I went wrong?
Thanks for your time.
Your code is correct except for one line - the constructor for the class Staff is defined incorrectly. Replace
public function __constructor($members = [])
with
public function __construct($members = [])
Because of this mistake, the line $staff = new Staff([$jeffrey]); has no effect to the initialization of your internal $members array.
Related
Haven't found an answer yet but I'm sure there must be one: how do I prevent an object recursion/loop when objects reference each other? An example:
class Patient {
private $Issues = array();
[...]
public function __construct($id) {
[ Get data from DB ]
while ($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
$this->Issues[$row['idIssue']] = new Issue($row['idIssue']);
}
[...]
}
}
class Issue {
private $Patient;
[...]
public function __construct($id) {
[ Get data from DB ]
$this->Patient = new Patient($row['idPatient']); <-- Leads to recursion as the patient will load all it's Issues() etc. etc.
[...]
}
}
How do I prevent this? I could use the id of the Patient() instead of the real object but that feels like a hack. Is there a way to use the real object?
Do not recreate object. Just pass the instance of the master object to the detail constructor. E.g.:
class Patient {
private $Issues = array();
[...]
public function __construct($id) {
[ Get data from DB ]
while ($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
$this->Issues[$row['idIssue']] = new Issue($row['idIssue'], $this);
}
[...]
}
}
class Issue {
private $Patient;
[...]
public function __construct($id, Patient $patient) {
[ Get data from DB ]
$this->Patient = $patient
[...]
}
}
You can (should !) separate the DB connection/queries from the entities definitions and pass references to relations, otherwise, you can't mock entities, plus mixing DB connection and entities definition goes against the separation of concerns :
// somewhere in your code
$idPatient = 42;
$patient = new Patient();
$patient->setId($idPatient);
// get datas from DB
while ($row = $result->fetch_assoc())
{
$issue = new Issue();
$issue->setId($row['idIssue'])
->setPatient($patient);
$patient->addIssue($issue);
// or, shorter way :
// $patient->addIssues((new Issue())->setId($row['idIssue'])
// ->setPatient($patient));
}
class Patient {
private $Issues = array();
private $Id;
public function addIssue(Issue $issue): self
{
$this->Issues[] = $issue;
return $this;
}
public function setId(int $id): self
{
$this->Id = $id;
return $this;
}
}
class Issue {
private $Patient;
private $Id;
public function addPatient(Patient $patient): self
{
$this->Patient = $patient;
return $this;
}
public function setId(int $id): self
{
$this->Id = $id;
return $this;
}
}
I wrote a class
class User {
private $cars = array(); //store class Car 's object
public function getCars()
{
return $this->cars;
}
public function setCars($cars)
{
$this->cars = $cars;
}
}
class Car{
private $model;
public function getModel()
{
return $this->model;
}
public function setModel($model)
{
$this->model = $model;
}
}
$user = new User();
$cars = $user->getCars();
$cars[0]->getModel();
When I try to access getModel() php report "Call to undefined method stdClass::getModel()" .
Is there the best practice to deal with such case?
Edit:I filled the getter and setter. In fact, It's generated by phpstorm.
Edit:I tried again and it works well with the demo code below. The original code is too complicated to show. Maybe I caused by my misunderstanding of copying by value and by reference of array.
Please ignore this question. sorry.
class User {
private $cars = array(); //store class Car 's object
public function getCars()
{
return $this->cars;
}
public function setCars($cars)
{
$this->cars = $cars;
}
}
class Car{
private $model;
public function getModel()
{
return $this->model;
}
public function setModel($model)
{
$this->model = $model;
}
}
$user = new User();
$car = new Car();
$car->setModel("Ford");
$arr = $user->getCars();
array_push($arr,$car);
$user->setCars($arr);
foreach($user->getCars() as $car) {
var_dump($car->getModel());
}
You haven't shown your [Getter Setter ] code. You need to create one with something like:
public function setCars($val){
$this->cars = $val;
}
public function getCars(){
return $this->cars;
}
The same applies for getModel()
I'm trying to figure out the best way to iterate over an object's properties so I can build a sql query for an insert or update. I also am looking to be able to omit certain fields in the iteration.
Below is an example object where I would like to grab name and age but omit employer because that is a join from another table.
class person
{
private $_name, $_age, $_employer;
public function get_name()
{
return $this->_name;
}
public function get_age()
{
return $this->_age;
}
public function get_employer()
{
return $this->_employer;
}
}
I could cast an object as an array to get the properties but I still don't have a good way to omit certain properties.
$personObj = new person();
foreach((array)$personObj as $k => $v)
{
$sql .= "...";
}
Hope this gives you a hint
class person
{
private $_name = 'dude';
private $_age = '27';
private $_employer = 'yes';
public function get_name()
{
return $this->_name;
}
public function get_age()
{
return $this->_age;
}
public function get_employer()
{
return $this->_employer;
}
}
$person = new person();
$required = array('name','age');
foreach($required as $req)
{
$func = "get_{$req}";
echo $person->$func();
}
https://3v4l.org/vLdAN
I've been doing a project in PHP for the last few hours and I have encountered into a problem.
The problem is I don't know how to access private variables in a class and I can't find it online.
Example:
<?php
class Example{
private $age;
public function __construct() {
$age = 14;
$this->checkAge();
}
private function checkAge() {
if($this->$age > 12)
echo "welcome!";
}
}
$boy = new Example();
?>
As far as I know, I should be able to access the variable with $this->$age but it isn't working.
Thank you.
EDIT: Got it working with help of the awesome stackoverflooooooooow community, this is how a working one looks.
<?php
class Example{
private $age;
public function __construct() {
$this->age = 14;
$this->checkAge();
}
private function checkAge() {
if($this->age > 12)
echo "welcome!";
}
}
$boy = new Example();
?>
Look at this approach.
first: create Entity that stores and retrieves data inside of private $attributes array, and with magic __set(), __get() You can also do like: $object->variable = 123
second: extend Entity with Human class and add some function specific to child class (for example hasValidAge()):
<?php
class Entity {
private $attributes;
public function __construct($attributes = []) {
$this->setAttributes($attributes);
}
public function setAttribute($key, $value) {
$this->attributes[$key] = $value;
return $this;
}
public function setAttributes($attributes = []) {
foreach($attributes AS $key => $value) {
$this->setAttribute($key, $value);
}
}
public function getAttribute($key, $fallback = null) {
return (isset($this->attributes[$key]))?
$this->attributes[$key] : $fallback;
}
public function __get($key) {
return $this->getAttribute($key);
}
public function __set($key, $value) {
$this->setAttribute($key, $value);
}
}
class Human extends Entity {
public function __construct($attributes = []) {
$this->setAttributes($attributes);
$this->checkAge();
}
public function hasValidAge() {
return ($this->getAttribute('age') > 12)? true : false;
}
}
$boy = new Human(['name' => 'Mark', 'age' => 14]);
if($boy->hasValidAge()) {
echo "Welcome ".$boy->name."!";
}
?>
p.s. I've removed echo "Welcome!" part from constructor because it's not cool to do echo from model object, in our example Human is model of Entity.
Let's say I have this:
class "classname"
{
....
public function section($id)
{
// variable method name
$this->section->$id = new stdClass();
return $this;
}
public function subsection()
{
// $id is not available here
$this->section->$id->subsection = array();
return $this;
}
....
}
When I call:
$classname->section("test")
->subsection();
It is not working because $id is not global nor set in the second chainlink. Do I have to pass it manually to ->subsection($id) or is there a more generic/cleaner way to get it there?
What I try to accomplish here is to create an (big) object with multiple sections. In these sections objects and/or array's so there are more (chained) methods involved.
You can act like this way:
class Foo
{
protected $section;
private $lastUsedId = null;
public function __construct()
{
$this->section = new StdClass();
}
public function section($id)
{
// variable method name
$this->section->$id = new StdClass();
$this->lastUsedId = $id;
return $this;
}
public function subsection()
{
// $id is not available here
$this->section->{$this->lastUsedId}->subsection = array();
return $this;
}
}
so
$obj = (new Foo())
->section('one')
->subsection()
->section('two')
->subsection();
will produce valid result like
object(Foo)#1 (2) {
["section":protected]=>
object(stdClass)#2 (2) {
["one"]=>
object(stdClass)#3 (1) {
["subsection"]=>
array(0) {
}
}
["two"]=>
object(stdClass)#4 (1) {
["subsection"]=>
array(0) {
}
}
}
["lastUsedId":"Foo":private]=>
string(3) "two"
}
Note, that it isn't a good idea to use chaining like this way - it's difficult to read, and, besides, having method that actually changes data, but looks like getter, is confusing.
The problem you're facing is not because of chaining methods. It occurs either because you haven't declared the property $section or if you've declared it it has no property $id.
One possibility would be to define $section on the fly in the same way you're doing it with $id, i.e.
public function section($id) {
$this->section = new stdClass();
$this->section->id = new stdClass();
return $this;
}
or
class Classname {
private $section;
public function __construct() {
$this->section = new stdClass();
}
public function section($id) {
$this->section->id = new stdClass();
return $this;
}
}
or
class Classname {
private $section;
public function __construct() {
$this->section = new B();
}
public function section($id) {
$this->section->id = new stdClass();
return $this;
}
}
class B {
private $id;
}
Consider using 2 classes to accomplish what you want. Here is an example
class Document
{
private $sections = array();
public function addSection(Section $section)
{
$this->sections[] = $section;
}
public function getSections()
{
print_r($this->sections);
}
}
class Section {
private $id;
private $subsection;
public function setId($id)
{
$this->id = $id;
return $this;
}
public function setSubsection()
{
$this->subsection = array();
return $this;
}
}
$section1 = new Section;
$section1->setId(1)->setSubsection();
$section2 = new Section;
$section2->setId(2)->setSubsection();
$document = new Document;
$document->addSection($section1);
$document->addSection($section2);
$document->getSections();
will output
Array (
[0] => Section Object ([id:protected] => 1 [subsection:protected] => Array( ))
[1] => Section Object ([id:protected] => 2 [subsection:protected] => Array( )))