PHP MySQL over SSL. Peer certificate did not match - php

Question

I'm trying to use Google Cloud SQL over SSL from GCE(Google Compute Engine) instance. My problem is that I cannot connect to Cloud SQL instance over SSL.
mysql command works normally. I can connect to Cloud SQL instance with certification files.
mysql -uroot -p -h [IP Address] --ssl-ca=/home/user/.cert/server-ca.pem --ssl-cert=/home/user/.cert/client-cert.pem --ssl-key=/home/user/.cert/client-key.pem
However, I got warning and fatal error as followings when I access from PHP program.
<?php
$pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=[IP Address];dbname=testdb', 'root', 'test', array(
PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_KEY =>'/home/user/.cert/client-key.pem',
PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CERT=>'/home/user/.cert/client-cert.pem',
PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA =>'/home/user/.cert/server-ca.pem'
)
);
$stmt = $pdo->query("SHOW TABLES;");
$row = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
print_r($row);
?>　
　
PHP Warning: PDO::__construct(): Peer certificate CN=`[GCP project name]:[Cloud SQL instance name]' did not match expected CN=`[IP Address]' in /tmp/mysql.php on line 7
Fatal error: Uncaught exception 'PDOException' with message 'SQLSTATE[HY000] [2002] ' in /tmp/mysql.php on line 7
I got same error when I used mysqli.
$mysqli = mysqli_init();
mysqli_options($mysqli, MYSQLI_OPT_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT, true);
$mysqli->ssl_set('/home/user/.cert/client-key.pem',
'/home/user/.cert/client-cert.pem',
'/home/user/.cert/server-ca.pem',
NULL,NULL);
$mysqli->real_connect('[IP Address]', 'root', 'test', 'testdb', 3306, NULL, MYSQLI_CLIENT_SSL);
　
PHP Warning: mysqli::real_connect(): Peer certificate CN=`[GCP project name]:[Cloud SQL instance name]' did not match expected CN=`[IP Address]' in /tmp/mysql3.php on line 30
Warning: mysqli::real_connect(): (HY000/2002): in /tmp/mysql3.php on line 30
This question looks be relevant to my case but there is no answer yet. SSL self-signed certifications to connect with Mysql with PHP
Does anyone know about solutions?
Update 1
The bug is reported. https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=71003
Very similar question here. Google Cloud SQL SSL fails peer certificate validation
My PHP version is 5.6.14. I will update to 5.6.16 to use MYSQLI_CLIENT_SSL_DONT_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT.
Update 2
Fixed it when I use mysqli
What I did are as followings:
1 I updated my PHP to 5.6.20
sudo apt-get install php5
2 I put the MYSQLI_CLIENT_SSL_DONT_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT option like this.
$mysqli->real_connect('[IP Address]', 'root', 'test', 'testdb', 3306, NULL, MYSQLI_CLIENT_SSL_DONT_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT);
My application uses both mysqli and PDO for some reasons. I'm now looking for PDO's solution.
Update 3
This bug report shows about PDO's case. Sounds not fixed yet.
https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=71845
This is also related. https://groups.google.com/forum/?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer#!msg/google-cloud-sql-discuss/4HNvmq7MpU4/kuSjhkS2AwAJ
As far as I understand, there is no way to resolve for PDO.
Update 4
Some people blame google's design of CN names (I agree with them actually..)
What's worst is you guys use impossible CN names (:) . If the CN was without colon maybe I can map the ip and the CN in my hosts file so that when peer validation is done it can pass. With the colon, php thinks is host and is port
and Google's staff? understand the problem.
I understand the current situation when connecting by IP is not ideal.
But it seems they provide a solution called 'proxy'.
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/google-cloud-sql-discuss/gAzsuCzPlaU
I'm using Cloud SQL second generation and my applications are hosted GCE. So I think I can use the proxy way. I will try it now.
Update 5
Setup the proxy access. Solved both PDO and mysqli access.
Install the proxy on Ubuntu
$ wget https://dl.google.com/cloudsql/cloud_sql_proxy.linux.amd64
$ mv cloud_sql_proxy.linux.amd64 cloud_sql_proxy
$ chmod +x cloud_sql_proxy
$ sudo mkdir /cloudsql; sudo chmod 777 /cloudsql
$ ./cloud_sql_proxy -dir=/cloudsql -instances=<project name>:us-central1:mydb
PDO
<?php
$pdo = new pdo('mysql:unix_socket=/cloudsql/<project name>:us-central1:mydb;dbname=testdb','root','test');
$stmt = $pdo->query("SHOW TABLES;");
$row = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
print_r($row);
?>
mysqli
$mysqli = mysqli_connect('localhost', 'root', 'test', 'testdb', 3306, '/cloudsql/<project name>:us-central1');
$sql = "SELECT id FROM users";
if ($result = $mysqli->query($sql)) {
while ($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
echo $row["id"] . "\n";
}
$result->close();
}
$mysqli->close();
refs (Japanese)
http://blog.hrendoh.com/connecting-to-google-cloud-sql-using-mysql-client/
http://blog.hrendoh.com/google-appengine-php-using-cloud-sql/

Answer 1

For PDO connections that don't use Google cloud or cannot benefit from the proxy solution, they have fixed the bug and it is merged now.
There is now a constant for this (starting April 2017):
PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT => false,
http://git.php.net/?p=php-src.git;a=commit;h=247ce052cd0fc7d0d8ea1a0e7ea2075e9601766a

Answer 2

In short, use Cloud SQL Proxy if you need to access from both PDO and mysqli. You have no choice.
https://cloud.google.com/sql/docs/sql-proxy

Answer 3

For mysqli, adding:
MYSQLI_CLIENT_SSL_DONT_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT
to real_connect() solved my instance of this issue.
Example (replace host, user, password and database as needed):
$db_connection->real_connect('ip address or host', 'user', 'password', 'database', 3306, NULL, MYSQLI_CLIENT_SSL_DONT_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT);
Full php mysqli SSL connection script:
// check if openssl is enabled on server
if(!extension_loaded('openssl')) {
throw new Exception('This app needs the Open SSL PHP extension and it is missing.');
}
// start connection
$db_connection = mysqli_init();
// set ssl config (update with your certs location)
$db_connection->ssl_set('/etc/my.cnf.d/certs/client-key.pem','/etc/my.cnf.d/certs/client-cert.pem', '/etc/my.cnf.d/certs/ca-cert.pem', NULL, NULL);
// connect (update with your host, db and credentials)
$db_connection->real_connect('ip address or host', 'user', 'password', 'database', 3306, NULL, MYSQLI_CLIENT_SSL_DONT_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT);

Answer 4

Example in CakePHP 3.5.x + PHP 7.1.x + SQL Google Cloud + SSL
Change file in: config/app.php
...
...
/**
* The test connection is used during the test suite.
*/
'default' => [
'className' => 'Cake\Database\Connection',
'driver' => 'Cake\Database\Driver\Mysql',
'persistent' => false,
'host' => 'xx.xxx.xxx.xxx',
//'port' => 'non_standard_port_number',
'username' => 'user_name_x',
'password' => 'pass_x',
'database' => 'bd_name_x',
'encoding' => 'utf8',
'timezone' => 'UTC',
'cacheMetadata' => true,
'quoteIdentifiers' => false,
'log' => false,
'flags' => [
PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_KEY => CONFIG.'client-key.pem',
PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CERT => CONFIG.'client-cert.pem',
PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA => CONFIG.'server-ca.pem',
PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT => false
],
//'ssl_key' => CONFIG.'client-key.pem',
//'ssl_cert' => CONFIG.'client-cert.pem',
//'ssl_ca' => CONFIG.'server-ca.pem',
//'init' => ['SET GLOBAL innodb_stats_on_metadata = 0'],
],
],
...
...
Example PHP Pure + PDO + SSL:
$ssl_key = CONFIG.'client-key.pem';
$ssl_cert = CONFIG.'client-cert.pem';
$ssl_ca = CONFIG.'server-ca.pem';
$pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx;dbname=db_name_x', 'user_name_x', 'pass_x', array(
PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_KEY => '/path/full/client-key.pem',
PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CERT => '/path/full/client-cert.pem',
PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA => '/path/full/server-ca.pem',
PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT => false
)
);
$statement = $pdo->query("SHOW TABLES;");
var_dump($statement);
$row = $statement->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
echo json_encode($row);
exit();

Answer 5

I had the same problem with a MySQL database hosted at compose cluster.
After searching and testing for hours, I found out that the best solution is to disable testing the certificate provided by the server by using the MYSQLI_CLIENT_SSL_DONT_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT flag.
I haven't tested it with PDO but with the mysqli interface it is working for me.
In general this problem would appear with a database hosted at a cluster server.