On a standard Unix LAMP installation, how can I determine what file extensions will be parsed by PHP?
I'm thinking in terms of shared hosting environments such as GoDaddy, Hostgator, etc... Where LAMP is already installed and root access is not provided. When logging into an unfamiliar environment, how can I determine what file extensions will be parsed by PHP by default?
Is there any "master list" that just shows what extensions PHP or is preconfigured to parse? Or rather which extensions Apache will send to PHP to be parsed?
If using Apache, take a look into its httpd.conf file.
All extensions listed in "AddType application/x-httpd-php" will be send to the PHP interpreter (usually looks like "AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .phtml")
If you can't access these configuration files because your limited by the hosts permissions. You could try the brute force way. Place a file on your server, in (usually 'public_html' or 'www') with each one of the extensions you suspect will work with a little piece of code like.
<?php
echo phpinfo();
?>
If the server returns actual info on your server then that works.
Remember to delete these files after use, dumping phpinfo() to the world is a security risk.
Related
How can I see a webpage with extension php without uploading it to the server?
I want to be able to see php files offline in order to preview a page before uploading it to the server.
My searches revealed that I need to have php installed. My OS is Ubuntu, and I did install php5 and apache2, but I can't figure out how to setup the server in order to see my files which are in /home/user/WWW
Is it possible to have a clear explanation how to setup a server properly and how to make it "see" my webpages? I'm not very advanced in web designing. I just want to design a simple webpage displaying my research. I found that writing in php makes things like header, footer easier to include in every page. On the other side, I really want to preview the files before uploading them...
Change the directory DocumentRoot in httpd.conf and restart your Apache server
#
# DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your
# documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but
# symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations.
#
DocumentRoot "/home/user/WWW"
If you just want to test your PHP without serving a Web page you can run php at a shell prompt with
$ php myScript.php
(see also How can I run a php without a web server?)
As suggested by Ologho Cyril Paul in its comment, XAMPP does the trick. It is easy to install, and its visual launcher has a config button which lets you change the DocumentRoot to your preferred folder. Once the server is active, typing localhost/your_site in your browser leads you to the webpages.
After changing all .html files into .php I found out that it is possible to make php code work in html. Too bad everyone says "it is not possible"... Just make a file called .htaccess in the folder containing your html files and add to it the following line:
AddHandler application/x-httpd-php .html
Now you can write .php code in html. (this was taken from other questions like this)
I'm having a weird situation here.
I'm trying create a PDO object, like this:
$dbh = new PDO('mysql:host='.$hostname.';dbname='.$dbname,$username, $password);
I have rewriting ON in my .htaccess file. when I try to run the script using a URL that will trigger a rewrite rule, it shows me the following error:
Fatal error: Class 'PDO' not found
I have a exception rewrite rule for a directory where the script is, named PHP, like this:
RewriteRule ^(php)($|/) - [L]
if I run the scripting directly from the directory, it runs normally with no erros.
I don't know why this is happening. any clues?
Thank you
Edit: Ok, I saw I've misinterpreted your question a bit, but I still think there is something wrong about the php.ini path. Could you check the phpinfo() output of both web calls. The basic idea of the answer keeps the same as stated below (replace CLI with the second web call ;))
OLD ANSWER
Assuming, that you have one of the more common linux distributions (ubuntu, debian, suse, etc), you might have two (or more) php.ini files. One that is pulled when using the webserver module (which seems to be an apache) and one that is used for the cli env. php supports up to one php.ini per SAPI.
In newer debian and ubuntu systems php extensions are linked in the same manner as the sites-available/enabled in the apache config.
If you have a self compiled php look for a php-cli.ini at the common location for the php.ini (which is /usr/local/share/php by default). If a php-cli.ini is present it will be used instead of the php.ini for cli commands.
(Manual Reference: http://de2.php.net/manual/en/configuration.file.php)
How to find out:
Get the phpinfo() output for the INFO_GENERAL section from you webserver. To achieve this, create a simple php file in a web-accessible directory (e.g. the DocumentRoot). Remember to delete it after you got the information you need! Please adjust the '/var/www' to something that matches your config.
$> echo '<?php phpinfo(INFO_GENERAL);' > /var/www/info.php
Now go to your browser and open http://your.host.name/info.php and look for the config property "Configuration File (php.ini) Path". Note this somewhere or just leave the page open for later reference.
On your cli this is also quite easy. The example below is a snip from my shell.
mmueller#bsd ~$ php -i | grep ini
Configuration File (php.ini) Path => /usr/local/etc/php/5.5
Loaded Configuration File => /usr/local/etc/php/5.5/php.ini
[... omitted the tail]
Compare the two paths and see if they are different.
To see why this happens, please take a look at the 'Configure Command' section. You mighty find three important configure arguments. Those three influence where php looks for it's configuration.
'--sysconfdir=/usr/local/etc/php/5.5'
'--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/etc/php/5.5'
'--with-config-file-scan-dir=/usr/local/etc/php/5.5/conf.d'
If you want to ensure the same configuration, you can do one of the following things:
Just add extension=pdo_mysql to the webserver version and see if that is enough
Remove the additional CLI config (if present), this will make php use the php.ini for all SAPIs (make a backup of the file before you do that!). Then you need to merge the rules into the php.ini that you need. (In your case there seems to be an extension=pdo_mysql missing)
Check the webserver php.ini for anything that you do not want to have in the cli version, then copy the webserver php.ini over the CLI php.ini (Do a backup first).
Delete the cli or webserver php.ini, symlink the other php.ini to the place of the deleted one. (not the best way, but I've seen that a lot on customer servers).
Solve it.
There was a empty php.ini in the public_html, I deleted it, and it worked.
thank u all
I am trying to setup a basic apache 2 webserver just for testing purposes. I have apache 2 installed on Ubuntu 11.10. I can access the root directory on the webserver just fine by going to "localhost" in my browser. This is all located in the default directory: /var/www. However, the problem starts whenever I try to access the subdirectories of my webserver. So, for example if I goto "localhost/phpproject/", which has an index.php file listed in it (and I did test to make sure PHP was working correctly), all it seems to want to do in my browser is attempt to download a file when I type in the address instead of actually displaying anything.
I even tried to give full permissions on the subdirectory to make sure it wasn't just a permissions-related problem. Any ideas?
First of all, you shouldn't be keeping your development files in /var/www folder. Configure your apache to keep your web files within your home directory. In doing so, you don't have to have sudo privilege to edit files in /var/www. If you want to follow my setup, create a directory called www in your home folder /home/yourname/www. Look at my config of /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default
http://pastebin.com/3gcE59Lh
It works good for me.
If you change your config like this, make sure to restart apache [sudo service apache2 restart]
Make sure that you installed PHP correctly and registered PHP in your Apache configuration.
This is the key here, it looks like it's sending you the index.php file, test a PHP file in the main folder behind this sub-directory and see if it tries to download it.
File Could just be:
<?php
phpinfo();
See if putting that in index.php in the parent folder gives you a phpinfo page or tries to download index.php.
If it tries to download it it's just that PHP is not configured in apache to handle files that end in .php
To configure it, add the following lines to your httpd.conf file
LoadModule php4_module modules/libphp4.so
#
# Cause the PHP interpreter handle files with a .php extension.
#
<Files *.php>
SetOutputFilter PHP
SetInputFilter PHP
LimitRequestBody 9524288
</Files>
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
Make sure that you installed PHP correctly and registered PHP in your apache configuration.
The manual should explain the required installation steps in detail.
in Ubuntu you should install the LAMP option using tasksel at the CL. That will give you Apache, MySQL and PHP all working together. It sounds like you may have installed them separatley and have not configured PHP correctly. mime types determine the servers handling of specific file types.
apesa#ubunt$ sudo tasksel
Follow the prompts
EDIT:
We used to make all the config changes in httpd.conf. If you used package manager, like you did then you will have a distributed configuration environment. You will need to go to etc/apache2/mods enabled and look in the php.conf file. There are directions inside. It sounds like you need to make sure the web server understands the directories and FS locations. Look at #Chrispy example. You won't be using the first line as the php module in your env are loaded via php.load and the config is done in php.conf. That AddType directive is important and tells the server to exec your file instead of serving it. have a look. BTW, the Apache Project supports one of the best listservers out there at URL:http://httpd.apache.org/userslist.html
I want to create a Chrome app, but I have the same problem as this guy. When I add the .php extension and I run the app, it downloads the file.Should I do something more? I have installed PHP (if that means to download and extract the file in the same folder with my app, I'd be wrong). I'm a beginner... :(
EDIT
Some of you told me to install Apache or IIS. I said earlier that I want to create a Chrome app.
Do I need to install Apache? Where would I run it (I don't have a local host, Chrome extensions and apps use the "chrome-extension://" prefix, which means it is hosted on the browser). What about more information (you've all been helpful by now)?
EDIT 2
It turns out that Google Chrome doesn't allow developers toto run PHP inside Chrome apps.
Thanks for your help!
This means the server is either missing the PHP plugin (either CGI or otherwise) or the the server doesn't recognize that it must pass a file with the extension in to PHP for pre-processing.
If you're on a host out of your control (e.g. using GoDaddy) then make sure they allow PHP (some of the free hosts won't have PHP as they deam it an unnecessary security risk). If it's your own server, make sure you installed PHP and it's enabled.
If it DOES has PHP installed, but you're not getting it to parse, you'll need to bind the .php extension to the PHP handler using either an .htaccess file or the config.
For apache, your http.conf needs the following (assuming you already have PHP plugin):
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
Or for something more broad, place an .htaccess file with the above code in your hosted directory.
EDIT
You mentioned you installed PHP. I'm going to assume you're using Apache, as IIS now has a Web Extensions installer that would (typically) take care of the "hard part" for you. So, having said that, open your http.conf (Usually located in C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Apache2.2\conf\ [using 2.2 as a demo version]). Within that file, at the bottom, add the following [replacing files paths to those that correlate to your own install]:
LoadModule php5_module "C:/php/php5apache2_2.dll"
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
PHPIniDir "C:/php"
A better reference can be found by googling "install PHP [version] on [webserver]". Here's just one of the results I was able to locate.
Do you have a server installed on your machine? PHP is a server-side script & unlike Javascript you cannot run it without a server.
PHP files are server side code only. So you need to install a local server like APACHE to get the PHP script to execute.
PHP must be run on a web server, not your desktop. Install PHP on your webserver, then open the PHP file from a web browser via: http://localhost/yourfile.php
You need an Apache server on your computer. download xampp: http://www.apachefriends.org/en/xampp.html and put your files in the htdocs folder.
EDIT:
This will explain how to install a PHP environment: http://www.tanguay.info/web2008/tutorial.php?idCode=phpDevelopmentQuick
Do all php include files have to be in an include directory, or is that just an organizational convenience?
Can I include files from any directory using the path to that directory?
Do html files that contain php includes have to have a php extension?
If so, I guess that would mean all of my html docs would be php if they all have the menus I am planning to "include". Is that acceptable protocol to have every file on your site be a php file?
A bow in humble reverence...
p.s. is there a good bible on this topic!?
You don't need to have your php includes anywhere particular, or have any file extension...
Calling include('/path/to/your/file/with/any/extension.extension'); should include it as a php file
Normally safer to call files with php code in with a php extension tho.
If you put PHP in a .html file and include() it, it should work. However if someone requests the .html file directly from the server they could be able to see all your PHP code un-processed which is dangerous. Therefore if you are doing this then either put these files in a non-web-accessible directory (e.g. above the document root) or change your web server configuration so that .html files are treated as PHP.
You should be able to include() any file but you may get problems accessing some directories if there is an open_basedir restriction in PHP (which you will probably find on most webhosts)
You can include files from anywhere on the server (depending on file access privileges and security restrictions, of course).
Using an includes directory helps keep things well organized, but is not required.
If a file contains PHP code, it should be saved as a .php file - otherwise if it is called directly the code will not run. This leaves you with a file which behaves differently depending on how it is accessed, which is probably not what you wanted and could be a security threat.
To get around this, I have seen some people override file-types so the server treats all .html files as PHP scripts - I do not recommend this, as it will slow processing of all files even if they do not include any PHP. Follow the Principle of Least Surprise - let your HTML files be .html and your PHP files be .php - and everyone will be happier.
James Musser:
I think you are referring to Apache SSI includes now
(see http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/howto/ssi.html#standard-footer)
Not knowing the answer, I tried it, and here are my results
Extension Call method PHP runs
.html browser no
.html Apache #include no
.html PHP include() yes
.php browser yes
.php Apache #include yes
.php PHP include() yes
(Testing done with WinXP, Apache 2.2.3, PHP 5.2.26 and CentOS 5.2, Apache 2.2.3, PHP 5.1.16)
So your answer is YES - if you wish to call a PHP script through an Apache SSI #include, the script must have a .php extension (or some other extension, ie .php4 .php5 etc, which is registered with Apache as being a PHP script), otherwise it will NOT run.