I am using apache server for deploying php web application and creating one directory using following code.
<?php
mkdir (tmpdir);
?>
but i found its user is www-data.
drwxr-xr-x 2 www-data www-data 54 Mar 20 15:22 tmpdir
but i chnaged the username to user using follwoing command
sudo chown -R user:user /var/www
resatrted the apache server but still same user exists.May i know, how can i change the user?
You will find in httpd.conf User and Group change its values to what you want
Please read this link
Related
I want to allow for Apache to upload files to user home directory /homw/username/upload_files which is outside the webserver root /var/www/website/
my apache server is currently running under user "www-data".
I changed the group owner of the target folder /homw/username/upload_files to www-data , and changed the permission to rwx
drwxrwxrwx 2 www-data www-data 6 Dec 6 09:46 upload_files
However, I am not able to figure out how to allow for apache to upload files to user's home directory.
I suggest one of the following approaches and both working with me.
1- Change Ownership of full path /home/username/upload_files to apache user www-data and give owner-write permission.
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /homw/username/upload_files
please note that this will change owner of home directory including all entire folders to www-data
2- So, I prefer to move the upload_files to root directory and change the owner to www-data
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /upload_files
I don't have too much experiences with servers but I've tried to do something ;)
I have my WP webpage on amazon EC2 and
I wanted to edit some settings in php.ini through filezilla (sftp) But I had to set permissions to my user:
sudo chown -R ec2-user:ec2-user /etc
But now I can't even restart apache or set back permissions to root
If i try to do something like this:
sudo chown -R root:root /etc
or
sudo systemctl restart apache2.service
I see this information:
"sudo: /etc/sudo.conf is owned by uid 500, should be 0 sudo: /etc/sudoers is owned by uid 500, should be 0 sudo: no valid sudoers sources found, quitting sudo: unable to initialize policy plugin"
What can I do?
You should never do sudo chown -R ec2-user:ec2-user /etc. You have modified the permission settings of your entire /etc directory.
/etc is a very important folder for your operating system that's why you're getting the error.
launch a new instance and backup your source code from your previous instance and re-upload the code. let me know if you have any issues.
I'm not understanding why you can't modify your php.ini file? You need to ssh into the server and edit the file. If you can't do that, you need to move the file to the ftp folder where it's permissible, modify the file and put the file back to it's original location and restart apache.
Furthermore, I recommend you use Ubuntu for your Wordpress server rather than using Centos or Amazon Flavour of Linux.
log into putty as ec2-user
sudo su
[root#ip-yoursite- home]
now for php 5.0 sudo vim /etc/php.ini
for php 7.0 use sudo vim /etc/php-7.0.ini
press i and now search for upload_max_filesize =100M , post_max_size=100M
(change as per your requirement)
press esc ,now save and exit use this command:wq
restart your apache server
sudo service httpd restart
The short answer is that chown -R is recursive and there are lots of utilities and other files and programs required for various operations, including sudo and su. Root is a special user with uid 0, and that user has greater permissions, and the ability to perform certain operations, that ec2-user cannot. This means that undoing what you have done is not simple or straightforward.
This is why the answers provided so far focus on a reinstallation of the operating system, which is what I would also recommend. It is likely faster.
Another part of this answer is to not try and sftp into the server to change core files. It would require having an sftp login land at the root (or /etc) directory, and that is not a common configuration.
Instead, use sftp or scp to copy changed files to a user directory, and them move them from a command prompt (ssh/bash shell). For simple textfile editing, it is easier to use a command line text editor such as nano which is more user friendly than some of the older editors.
As well, the file itself does not nor should it have its permissions changed, rather, once logged in, use sudo or su to perform the operations. Example:
ssh ec2-user#host.domain.tld
sudo su
nano /etc/php.ini
Imagine that you have a series of boxes, each with two numbers inside. These numbers are mostly 0:0 but could be any whole numbers up to 2^31-2.
The numbers are independent, so 0:0 and 0:42 are both possible. Your -R flag recursively changes all of these numbers in all of the boxes to the same pair.
This loses information. (Without a backup) there is no easy way to know what the numbers in the boxes were before you ran the command.
If you have a matching, (or very similar) server you might be able to restore most of the permissions using rsync, or use a script to record the uid:gid of each file on the working server into a log file and then use that to correct the permissions on the broken server.
ls -n
will show you the numerical values for uid and gid (3rd and 4th column on my linux servers.)
There are two options.
Create a new instance on Amazon. Check the file permissions on the new machine.
cd /etc
ls -lrt
This should give result like this
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2064 Nov 24 2006 netscsid.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1343 Jan 10 2007 wodim.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 624 Aug 8 2007 mtools.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2570 Aug 5 2010 locale.alias
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 356 Jan 2 2012 bindresvport.blacklist
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 349 Jun 26 2012 zsh_command_not_found
Set the same permission on old EC2 instance one by one.
Example
chown -R root:root netscsid.conf
You could create a new setup.
PS: for future, You could use this command for changes in php.ini file rather than changing owner or permission.
sudo vim /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini
No need to change ownership of the folder that contains the php.ini file.
Aim: Grant permission to user 'ec2-user' so that FileZilla can write to /etc folder which contains the php.ini file.
Doing this we can rename the original php.ini file and replace the php.ini file with a modified copy.
Steps:
Login to ec2 instance via 'Putty'
Navigate to the folder that has the php.ini file
example:
cd ../
Use:
ls -l
to list files nd folders with their permissions
Look for the line that shows the folder that contains the php.ini file
somthinng like this:
drwxr-xr-x 80 root root 4096 Jul 11 08:15 etc
Change permissions of this folder:
sudo chmod 777 etc
(NOTE:Change it back to the original permissions later)
Use:
ls -l
to see the change
Restart Apache:
sudo service httpd restart
Now FileZilla will have permission to that folder,
rename the origial php.ini file to revert back in future
replace the php.ini file with a modifided copy
Check ur site(a page which has errors) after a minute, the errors will be displayed.
I have a PHP script application installed on a cloud server.
One of the function is the "PDF Preview", which is currently not working properly.
I contacted the PHP script owner, and he asked me to make sure:
1. dompdf/lib/font/ folder has write permissions (777)
2. the owner of the folder is the Apache user (mostly it is www-data)
For the 1st one, I tried to change the directory permission directly in the FileZilla interface. But it always changes back to 775 after I refresh...
For the 2nd one, I have no idea what it means... I contacted the technical support of my cloud server service. He said it's an App related issue, not server.
Can anyway give me some direction please? Should I use SSH? or anything else?
Really appreciated your help...
Erin
If you have SSH access, it is easier.
1) SSH in and CD into your web directory (likely public_html)
2) run the command chmod -R 777 dompdf/lib/font/
However permission 755 is likely fine...
3) Run ls -l. It will likely look like this:
-rw-r--r-- 1 erin erin 395 Aug 21 2013 index.php
The first 'erin' is the user and the second 'erin' is the group.
There may be other files that have the correct group (such as www or apache). Try and match other files in the public_html directory:
To change the owner: chown apache dompdf/lib/font/
To change the group: chgrp apache dompdf/lib/font/
If you're on shared hosting you might not have access to do this. I'm guessing it's more likely a path or configuration issue than a permissions issue, but give this a shot.
As far as I know you cannot change the owner of a file/directory via FTP. You can via SSH.
The command to change file permissions:
chmod 777 filename.php
To change a directory's permissions:
chmod -R 777 dirname/
To change the owner of a file:
chown www-data filename.php
To change the owner of a directory:
chown -R www-data dirname/
To change the group of a file:
chgrp www-data filename.php
To change the group of a directory:
chgrp -R www-data dirname/
Make sure you are in the file's directory when changing file permissions and ownership with the above commands. Otherwise you'll have to update the path.
If you are updating directories, be sure to be above the directory you wish to update.
Hope this helps.
P. S. To view the current permissions / owner / group of a file or directory, use the ls -la command.
Do not use the database user as the UNIX user. Use www-data.
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www
There is a difference between the database user and the Apache user. The Apache User is the only one who can actually read the files. The database user is only meant for giving/taking database read/write permissions.
In addition, keep the default permissions from the webapp install. Do not change those, except for the owning user/group. If you are instructed by the webapp, change permissions.
If you are more concerned about security, you could instead run the following commands:
sudo chown -R $USER:www-data /var/www
sudo chmod -R 640 /var/www
This makes the actual files owned by your user, so that only you (and root) can modify them. The reason www-data is referenced is so that Apache can still READ the files, but not actually write to them.
The 640 allows you (the file owner) to read and write, while allowing the www-data group to read files. It also blocks anyone else from possibly reading the file contents.
(The above is only one possible (untested) method. More good ways are available here.)
My PHP runs "exec" under the user "www-data"
my git repository is owned by "admin"
so it cannot access.
If I change ownership to "www-data" it passes the access problem but I can't create SSH keys because www-data is not a "real" user. I don't even know what that is. where is the home folder for such user?
also, when i change the ownership to "www-data" I cannot use git as admin on that machine anymore. gives me error: cannot open .git/FETCH_HEAD: Permission denied
Where is the home fold for user www-data ?
how can I get it to be able to use git with SSH keys set up?
Transferring ownership to www-data is the right decision. I mean www-data is indeed the owner and since it needs full read/write permissions to that folder anyway - do it!.
The following information is at least true for Debian based systems
www-data is a real user. Also it has a home dir. You can find it using:
cat /etc/passwd | awk -F: '/www-data/{print $6}'
On Debian/Ubuntu it is /var/www for example.
To make the github access possible you can create keys for www-data and place them in /var/www/.ssh. !!!Make sure that this folder is not accessible from web!!!. Then create a machine-user on github add use the public key for www-data.
Creating the keys:
sudo -u www-data ssh-keygen -t rsa
Once you are finished, create a new user on github, name it your-app-machine-user (or whatever), copy /var/www/.ssh/id_rsa.puband add it to that github account.
Read access for www-data should work now.
Try: chown -R www-data:www-data .git/
I just moved magento from local to server and Im getting the following error, I was just wondering if someone could help me solve this,
UID of script "/home/.../public_html/index.php" is smaller than min_uid
what I did was to make a database dump and transfer it to server,
create a backup of the all the magento files and transfer and expand to server,
change the core_config table in the database.
Thanks in advance.
That looks like an suPHP issue to me.
Change the user and group of your script to the user running your webserver process. So if you're running an Apache with user www-data for example, change to:
chown www-data:www-data /home/.../public_html/index.php
Or change all your files at once by:
chown -R www-data:www-data /home/.../public_html/
If you're still running into this issue after changing user and group, then your suPHP is probably working with the default min_uid = 100, but the UID of www-data is below this 100.
To fix this you can change the min_uid in suPHP's config to match the UID of www-data:
vi /etc/suphp/suphp.conf
min_uid = <UID of www-data>
If your script is owned by root, you should change the ownership back to yourself:
chown -R user /home/user/public_html
This will change the owner of all of the files contained in /home/user/public_html and all subdirectories to user.
I had same problem, and fixed it with logged in Ftp and uploaded files with cpanel account of this site. Not root or admin account. You must create or edit your files with this account.
What I did to fix this problem:
chown -R user:user /home/dibs/public_html
and made the php files to chmod 700
as far as i am getting just disable the suPHP mode in apache2,
by typing this command on terminal :
sudo a2dismod suphp
if you want to enable it again :
sudo a2enmod suphp