I tried multiple time to make a pattern that can validate given string is natural number and split into single number.
..and lack of understanding of regex, the closest thing that I can imagine is..
^([1-9])([0-9])*$ or ^([1-9])([0-9])([0-9])*$ something like that...
It only generates first, last, and second or last-second split-numbers.
I wonder what I need to know to solve this problem.. thanks
You may use a two step solution like
if (preg_match('~\A\d+\z~', $s)) { // if a string is all digits
print_r(str_split($s)); // Split it into chars
}
See a PHP demo.
A one step regex solution:
(?:\G(?!\A)|\A(?=\d+\z))\d
See the regex demo
Details
(?:\G(?!\A)|\A(?=\d+\z)) - either the end of the previous match (\G(?!\A)) or (|) the start of string (^) that is followed with 1 or more digits up to the end of the string ((?=\d+\z))
\d - a digit.
PHP demo:
$re = '/(?:\G(?!\A)|\A(?=\d+\z))\d/';
$str = '1234567890';
if (preg_match_all($re, $str, $matches)) {
print_r($matches[0]);
}
Output:
Array
(
[0] => 1
[1] => 2
[2] => 3
[3] => 4
[4] => 5
[5] => 6
[6] => 7
[7] => 8
[8] => 9
[9] => 0
)
I've a string that follows this pattern [:it]Stringa in italiano[:en]String in english.
I'm trying to use preg_match_all() to capture the locales and the associated strings, ie:
[1] => 'it',
[2] => 'en',
...
[1] => 'Stringa in italiano',
[2] => 'String in english'
The regex that I'm using "/\[:(\w+)](.+?)(?=\[:\w+])/" (https://regex101.com/r/eZ1gT7/400) returns only the first group of data. What I'm doing wrong?
The final formatted segment will not satisfy your lookahead. You will need to include the option of match the position of the end of the string with an alternation. A pipe (|) means "or". A dollar symbol ($) means "end of string".
I am using negated character classes to match between literal square braces. If your \w is sufficient for your project, feel free to keep that portion as you originally posted.
Code: (Demo)
$string = '[:it]Stringa in italiano[:en]String in english';
preg_match_all('~\[:([^]]+)](.+?)(?=$|\[:[^]]+])~', $string, $m);
var_export($m);
Output:
array (
0 =>
array (
0 => '[:it]Stringa in italiano',
1 => '[:en]String in english',
),
1 =>
array (
0 => 'it',
1 => 'en',
),
2 =>
array (
0 => 'Stringa in italiano',
1 => 'String in english',
),
)
Hello i have small problem with my regular expression.
For simple:
$pattern='/^(a([0-9]|[a-z])?|b(\=|\?)?)$/';
$subject='b=';
returns array:
Array
(
[0] => b=
[1] => b=
[2] =>
[3] => =
)
Index number 2 in this array is from a(...)? - my question: can i avoid this field in my result? I have very long pattern and my array is in 90% empty. Can i remove this empty fields by some magic characters?
Edit:
In my pattern i have something like that:
n(o|h)?(\+|\-|\(([+]?[0-9]+);([+]?[0-9]+)\))?
It will search strings like no+ or n(12;15). Can i do it simpler? And i have more text like this, it means i have something like that:
/^(n(o|h)?(\+|\-|\(([+]?[0-9]+);([+]?[0-9]+)\))?|i(o|h)?(\+|\-|\(([+]?[0-9]+);([+]?[0-9]+)\))?)$/
Regards
After reading your pattern, I assume that you can make it simpler with this version:
\A([in][oh]?)([+-]|\(\+?[0-9]+;\+?[0-9]+\))\z
demo
Note that i don't know exactly the captures you need, but you can add them as you want.
details:
\A # anchor for the start of the string
( # capture group 1:
[in] # a 'i' or a 'n'
[oh]? # a 'o' or a 'h' (optional)
)
( # capture group 2:
[+-] # a '+' or a '-'
| # OR
\(\+?[0-9]+;\+?[0-9]+\)
)
\z # anchor for the end of the string
Let's take an example of following string:
$string = "length:max(260):min(20)";
In the above string, :max(260):min(20) is optional. I want to get it if it is present otherwise only length should be returned.
I have following regex but it doesn't work:
/(.*?)(?::(.*?))?/se
It doesn't return anything in the array when I use preg_match function.
Remember, there can be something else than above string. Maybe like this:
$string = "number:disallow(negative)";
Is there any problem in my regex or PHP won't return anything? Dumping preg_match returns int 1 which means the string matches the regex.
Fully Dumped:
int 1
array (size=2)
0 => string '' (length=0)
1 => string '' (length=0)
You're using single character (.) matching in the case of being lazy, at the very beginning. So it stops at the zero position. If you change your preg_match function to preg_match_all you'll see the captured groups.
Another problem is with your Regular Expression. You're killing the engine. Also e modifier is deprecated many many decades before!!! and yet it was used in preg_replace function only.
Don't use s modifier too! That's not needed.
This works at your case:
/([^:]+)(:.*)?/
Online demo
I tried to prepare a regex which can probably solve your issue and also add some value to it
this regex will not only match the optional elements but will also capture in key value pair
Regex
/(?<=:|)(?'prop'\w+)(?:\((?'val'.+?)\))?/g
Test string
length:max(260):min(20)
length
number:disallow(negative)
Result
MATCH 1
prop [0-6] length
MATCH 2
prop [7-10] max
val [11-14] 260
MATCH 3
prop [16-19] min
val [20-22] 20
MATCH 4
prop [24-30] length
MATCH 5
prop [31-37] number
MATCH 6
prop [38-46] disallow
val [47-55] negative
try demo here
EDIT
I think I understand what you meant by duplicate array with different key, it was due to named captures eg. prop & val
here is the revision without named capturing
Regex
/(?<=:|)(\w+)(?:\((.+?)\))?/
Sample code
$str = "length:max(260):min(20)";
$str .= "\nlength";
$str .= "\nnumber:disallow(negative)";
preg_match_all("/(?<=:|)(\w+)(?:\((.+?)\))?/",
$str,
$matches);
print_r($matches);
Result
Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[0] => length
[1] => max(260)
[2] => min(20)
[3] => length
[4] => number
[5] => disallow(negative)
)
[1] => Array
(
[0] => length
[1] => max
[2] => min
[3] => length
[4] => number
[5] => disallow
)
[2] => Array
(
[0] =>
[1] => 260
[2] => 20
[3] =>
[4] =>
[5] => negative
)
)
try demo here
This is the content piece:
This is content that is a sample.
[md] Special Content Piece [/md]
This is some more content.
What I want is a preg_match_all expression such that it can fetch and give me the following from the above content:
[md] Special Content Piece [/md]
I have tried this:
$pattern ="/\[^[a-zA-Z][0-9\-\_\](.*?)\[\/^[a-zA-Z][0-9\-\_]\]/";
preg_match_all($pattern, $content, $matches);
But it gives a blank array. Could someone help?
$pattern = "/\[md\](.*?)\[\md\]/";
generally
$pattern = "/\[[a-zA-Z0-9\-\_]+\](.*?)\[\/[a-zA-Z0-9\-\_]+\]/";
or even better
$pattern = "/\[\w+\](.*?)\[\/\w+\]/";
and to match the start tag with the end tag:
$pattern = "/\[(\w+)\](.*?)\[\/\1\]/";
(Just note that the "tag" name is then returned in the match array.)
You can use this:
$pattern = '~\[([^]]++)]\K[^[]++(?=\[/\1])~';
explanation:
~ #delimiter of the pattern
\[ #literal opening square bracket (must be escaped)
( #open the capture group 1
[^]]++ #all characters that are not ] one or more times
) #close the capture group 1
] #literal closing square bracket (no need to escape)
\K #reset all the match before
[^[]++ #all characters that are not [ one or more times
(?= #open a lookahead assertion (this doesn't consume characters)
\[/ #literal opening square bracket and slash
\1 #back reference to the group 1
] #literal closing square bracket
) #close the lookhead
~
Interest of this pattern:
The result is the whole match because i have reset all the match before \K and because the lookahead assertion, after what you are looking for, don't consume characters and is not in the match.
The character classes are defined in negative and therefore are shorter to write and permissive (you don't care about what characters must be inside)
The pattern checks if the opening and closing tags are the same with the system of capture group\back reference.
Limits:
This expression don't deal with nested structures (you don't ask for). If you need that, please edit your question.
For nested structures you can use:
(?=(\[([^]]++)](?<content>(?>[^][]++|(?1))*)\[/\2]))
If attributes are allowed in your bbcode:
(?=(\[([^]\s]++)[^]]*+](?<content>(?>[^][]++|(?1))*)\[/\2]))
If self-closing bbcode tags are allowed:
(?=((?:\[([^][]++)](?<content>(?>[^][]++|(?1))*)\[/\2])|\[[^/][^]]*+]))
Notes:
A lookahead means in other words: "followed by"
I use possessive quantifiers (++) instead of simple gready quantifiers (+) to inform the regex engine that it doesn't need to backtrack (gain of performance) and atomic groups (ie:(?>..)) for the same reasons.
In the patterns for nested structures slashes are not escaped, to use them you must choose a delimiter that is not a slash (~, #, `).
The patterns for nested structures use recursion (ie (?1)), you can have more informations about this feature here and here.
Update:
If you're likely to be working with nested "tags", I'd probably go for something like this:
$pattern = '/(\[\s*([^\]]++)\s*\])(?=(.*?)(\[\s*\/\s*\2\s*\]))/';
Which, as you probably can tell, is not unlike what CasimiretHippolyte suggested (only his regex, AFAIKT, won't capture outer tags in a scenario like the following:)
his is content that is a sample.
[md] Special Content [foo]Piece[/foo] [/md]
This is some more content.
Whereas, with this expression, $matches looks like:
array (
0 =>
array (
0 => '[md]',
1 => '[foo]',
),
1 =>
array (
0 => '[md]',
1 => '[foo]',
),
2 =>
array (
0 => 'md',
1 => 'foo',
),
3 =>
array (
0 => ' Special Content [foo]Piece[/foo] ',
1 => 'Piece',
),
4 =>
array (
0 => '[/md]',
1 => '[/foo]',
),
)
A rather simple pattern to match all substrings looking like this [foo]sometext[/foo]
$pattern = '/(\[[^\/\]]+\])([^\]]+)(\[\s*\/\s*[^\]]+\])/';
if (preg_match_all($pattern, $content, $matches))
{
echo '<pre>';
print_r($matches);
echo '</pre>';
}
Output:
array (
0 =>
array (
0 => '[md] Special Content Piece [/md]',
),
1 =>
array (
0 => '[md]',
),
2 =>
array (
0 => ' Special Content Piece ',
),
3 =>
array (
0 => '[/md]',
),
)
How this pattern works: It's devided into three groups.
The first: (\[[^\/\]]+\]) matches opening and closing [], with everything inbetween that is neither a closing bracket nor a forward slash.
The second: '([^]]+)' matches every char after the first group that is not [
The third: (\[\s*\/\s*[^\]]+\]) matches an opening [, followed by zero or more spaces, a forward slash, again followed by zero or more spaces, and any other char that isn't ]
If you want to match a specific end-tag, but keeping the same three groups (with a fourth), use this (slightly more complex) expression:
$pattern = '/(\[\s*([^\]]+?)\s*\])(.+?)(\[\s*\/\s*\2\s*\])/';
This'll return:
array (
0 =>
array (
0 => '[md] Special Content Piece [/md]',
),
1 =>
array (
0 => '[md]',
),
2 =>
array (
0 => 'md',
),
3 =>
array (
0 => ' Special Content Piece ',
),
4 =>
array (
0 => '[/md]',
),
)
Note that group 2 (the one we used in the expression as \2) is the "tagname" itself.