Shortest way to get matched patterns from a string with regex - php

Question

I have pretty long string to parse, that looks like that (part of it)
$string = 'FIRM_ID = MC0356400000; TAG = EQTV; CURR_CODE = SUR; CLIENT_CODE = FR334; LIMIT_KIND = 1; OPEN_BALANCE = 4822.84; OPEN_LIMIT = 0.00; LEVERAGE = 0;'
I need to get values for php variables from that string, which I do with preg_match:
preg_match("/FIRM_ID = (.*?);/", $string, $m);
$firm_id = trim($m[1]);
preg_match("/CLIENT_CODE = (.*?);/", $string, $m);
$client_code = trim($m[1]);
... and so on
I was wondering is there a way to do the same in one line? May be with preg_replace or other functions, so I would not have to declare $m variable first and then take out from that [1] element.
So the code supposed to look like
$firm_id = somefunction($string);
$client_code = somefunction($string);
Its not practical question, more theoretical. I know how to get result that I need, I want to know if there is a simpler and more elegant way.
Thanks.

Answer 1

If you remove spaces and replace ; with &, you can do this:
parse_str(str_replace([' ', ';'], ['', '&'], $string), $result);
Which yields an easy to use associative array:
Array
(
[FIRM_ID] => MC0356400000
[TAG] => EQTV
[CURR_CODE] => SUR
[CLIENT_CODE] => FR334
[LIMIT_KIND] => 1
[OPEN_BALANCE] => 4822.84
[OPEN_LIMIT] => 0.00
[LEVERAGE] => 0
)
So just echo $result['FIRM_ID'];

Answer 2

Match and capture key-value pairs and then combine into an array:
$re = '/(\w+)\s*=\s*([^;]*)/';
$str = 'FIRM_ID = MC0356400000; TAG = EQTV; CURR_CODE = SUR; CLIENT_CODE = FR334; LIMIT_KIND = 1; OPEN_BALANCE = 4822.84; OPEN_LIMIT = 0.00; LEVERAGE = 0;';
preg_match_all($re, $str, $matches);
print_r(array_combine($matches[1],$matches[2]));
See the PHP demo, result:
Array
(
[FIRM_ID] => MC0356400000
[TAG] => EQTV
[CURR_CODE] => SUR
[CLIENT_CODE] => FR334
[LIMIT_KIND] => 1
[OPEN_BALANCE] => 4822.84
[OPEN_LIMIT] => 0.00
[LEVERAGE] => 0
)
The regex is
/(\w+)\s*=\s*([^;]*)/
See is demo online.
Details:
(\w+) - Group 1: one or more word chars
\s*=\s* - a = enclosed with optional whitespace(s)
([^;]*) - Group 2: zero or more chars other than ;.
To "initialize" the variables each at a time, you may use a
$var_name = 'FIRM_ID';
$re = '/' . $var_name . '\s*=\s*\K[^;]*/';
$str = 'FIRM_ID = MC0356400000; TAG = EQTV; CURR_CODE = SUR; CLIENT_CODE = FR334; LIMIT_KIND = 1; OPEN_BALANCE = 4822.84; OPEN_LIMIT = 0.00; LEVERAGE = 0;';
preg_match($re, $str, $m);
print_r($m);
See the PHP demo.
The \K is the match reset operator that omits all text matched so far within the current match iteration.

Answer 3

You can also use list function after preg_match_all :
preg_match_all('/(\w[\w-]*)\h*=\h*([^;\h]+);/', $string, $matches);
list($firmId, $tag, $currCode, $clientCode, $limitKind, $openBalance, $openLimit, $leverage) = $matches[2];
echo $firmId;
//=> MC0356400000
echo $tag;
//=> EQTV
echo $clientCode;
//=> FR334
echo $openBalance;
//=> 4822.84