First of all - thx for ansvers.
I have got 2 arrays:
For example:
['a' => abc, 'b' => cde]
And second one
['fcb' => cde, 'avm' => efg]
Need to have true of 'b' and 'cde'.
How get a certain similarity for this?
I may be falling into a trap; but, you can compute the intersection (common values) and loop them and search for the key:
$result = array_intersect($array1, $array2);
foreach($result as $val) {
echo "$val found in array1 at key: " . array_search($val, $array1)."<br>\n";
echo "$val found in array2 at key: " . array_search($val, $array2)."<br>\n";
}
See Example.
Assuming that you want to do string search on both keys and values based on your requirement that 'b' should match in both cases:
$a = ['a' => 'abc', 'b' => 'cde'];
$b = ['fcb' => 'cde', 'avm' => 'efg'];
function search($needle, $haystack)
{
foreach(array_merge($haystack, array_keys($haystack)) as $value)
{
if (strpos($value, $needle) !== FALSE)
{
return TRUE;
}
}
return FALSE;
}
echo (int) search('b', $a);
echo (int) search('b', $b);
echo (int) search('z', $a);
echo (int) search('z', $b);
echo (int) search('cde', $a);
echo (int) search('cde', $b);
Output:
110011
If I have the following:
$a = array(
"one" => 1,
"two" => 2,
"three" => 3,
"seventeen" => 17
);
foreach ($a as $v) {
echo $v;
}
How can I make it output:
2, 1, 3, 17
Quoting the PHP Manual on Language Operators:
The + operator returns the right-hand array appended to the left-hand
array; for keys that exist in both arrays, the elements from the
left-hand array will be used, and the matching elements from the
right-hand array will be ignored.
$a = array(
"one" => 1,
"two" => 2,
"three" => 3,
"seventeen" => 17
);
$b = array_values($a);
echo implode(', ', array($b[1], $b[0]) + $b), PHP_EOL;
Output:
2, 1, 3, 17
$values = array_values($a);
echo "{$values[1]}, {$values[0]}, "
foreach (array_slice($values, 2) as $v){
echo "$v, "
}
If you care about last comma...
$values = array_values($a);
echo "{$values[1]}, {$values[0]}, "
$lastIndex = count($values) - 1;
foreach (array_slice($values, 2) as $k => $v){
echo $v;
if ($k != $lastIndex){
echo ", ";
}
}
You could probably do something like:
<?php
$my_array = array(...);
$keys = array_keys($my_array);
$second_key = $keys[1]; // if your array can be whatever size, probably want to check that first
echo $my_array[$second_key];
foreach ($my_array as $key => $value) {
if ($key == $second_key) {
continue;
}
echo $value;
}
?>
With an associative array such as that one:
$fruits = array("d"=>"lemon", "a"=>"orange", "b"=>"banana", "c"=>"apple");
I tried accessing to a value using :
$fruits[2];
This gives me a PHP notcie: Undefined offset;
Is there a way around that ?
Thanks
Not if you want to keep it as an associative array. If you want to use numeric key indexes you could do this:
$fruits = array("d"=>"lemon", "a"=>"orange", "b"=>"banana", "c"=>"apple");
$fruits2 = array_values($fruits);
echo $fruits2[2];
Find out more about array_values() at the PHP manual.
UPDATE: to compare two associative arrays as you mentioned in your comment you can do this (if they have the same keys -- if not you should add isset() checks):
foreach (array_keys($arr1) as $key) {
if ($arr1[$key] == $arr2[$key]) {
echo '$arr1 and $arr2 have the same value for ' . $key;
}
}
Or, to avoid the array_keys function call:
foreach ($arr1 as $key => $val) {
if ($val == $arr2[$key]) {
echo '$arr1 and $arr2 have the same value for ' . $key;
}
}
Here is another idea. Without more direct information about your end goal, or larger project I can't speak to any specific implementation.
<?php
$fruit = array('a' => 'apple', 'b' => 'banana', 'c' => 'cranberry');
$flavors = array( 'a' => 'crisp', 'b' => 'mushy', 'c' => 'tart' );
reset($fruit);
reset($flavors);
while (list($key, $val) = each($fruit))
{
list( $flavorKey, $attribute ) = each( $flavors );
echo "{$key} => {$val}<br>\n";
echo "{$attribute}<br><br>\n";
}
[edit based on comment about array_count_values]
<?
$words = explode( " ", 'the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy yellow dog' );
$words2 = explode( " ", 'the fast fox jumped over the yellow river' );
$counts = array_count_values( $words );
$counts2 = array_count_values( $words2 );
foreach( $counts as $word => $count )
{
if ( array_key_exists( $word, $counts2 ) && $counts2[$word] == $counts[$word] )
{
echo $word . ' matched.<br>';
}
}
Please help me to translate this pseudo-code to real php code:
foreach ($arr as $k => $v)
if ( THIS IS NOT THE LAST ELEMENT IN THE ARRAY)
doSomething();
Edit: the array may have numerical or string keys
you can use PHP's end()
$array = array('a' => 1,'b' => 2,'c' => 3);
$lastElement = end($array);
foreach($array as $k => $v) {
echo $v . '<br/>';
if($v == $lastElement) {
// 'you can do something here as this condition states it just entered last element of an array';
}
}
Update1
as pointed out by #Mijoja the above could will have problem if you have same value multiple times in array. below is the fix for it.
$array = array('a' => 1, 'b' => 2, 'c' => 3, 'd' => 2);
//point to end of the array
end($array);
//fetch key of the last element of the array.
$lastElementKey = key($array);
//iterate the array
foreach($array as $k => $v) {
if($k == $lastElementKey) {
//during array iteration this condition states the last element.
}
}
Update2
I found solution by #onteria_ to be better then what i have answered since it does not modify arrays internal pointer, i am updating the answer to match his answer.
$array = array('a' => 1, 'b' => 2, 'c' => 3, 'd' => 2);
// Get array keys
$arrayKeys = array_keys($array);
// Fetch last array key
$lastArrayKey = array_pop($arrayKeys);
//iterate array
foreach($array as $k => $v) {
if($k == $lastArrayKey) {
//during array iteration this condition states the last element.
}
}
Thank you #onteria_
Update3
As pointed by #CGundlach PHP 7.3 introduced array_key_last which seems much better option if you are using PHP >= 7.3
$array = array('a' => 1,'b' => 2,'c' => 3);
$lastKey = array_key_last($array);
foreach($array as $k => $v) {
echo $v . '<br/>';
if($k == $lastKey) {
// 'you can do something here as this condition states it just entered last element of an array';
}
}
This always does the trick for me
foreach($array as $key => $value) {
if (end(array_keys($array)) == $key)
// Last key reached
}
Edit 30/04/15
$last_key = end(array_keys($array));
reset($array);
foreach($array as $key => $value) {
if ( $key == $last_key)
// Last key reached
}
To avoid the E_STRICT warning mentioned by #Warren Sergent
$array_keys = array_keys($array);
$last_key = end($array_keys);
$myarray = array(
'test1' => 'foo',
'test2' => 'bar',
'test3' => 'baz',
'test4' => 'waldo'
);
$myarray2 = array(
'foo',
'bar',
'baz',
'waldo'
);
// Get the last array_key
$last = array_pop(array_keys($myarray));
foreach($myarray as $key => $value) {
if($key != $last) {
echo "$key -> $value\n";
}
}
// Get the last array_key
$last = array_pop(array_keys($myarray2));
foreach($myarray2 as $key => $value) {
if($key != $last) {
echo "$key -> $value\n";
}
}
Since array_pop works on the temporary array created by array_keys it doesn't modify the original array at all.
$ php test.php
test1 -> foo
test2 -> bar
test3 -> baz
0 -> foo
1 -> bar
2 -> baz
Why not this very simple method:
$i = 0; //a counter to track which element we are at
foreach($array as $index => $value) {
$i++;
if( $i == sizeof($array) ){
//we are at the last element of the array
}
}
I know this is old, and using SPL iterator maybe just an overkill, but anyway, another solution here:
$ary = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 'last');
$ary = new ArrayIterator($ary);
$ary = new CachingIterator($ary);
foreach ($ary as $each) {
if (!$ary->hasNext()) { // we chain ArrayIterator and CachingIterator
// just to use this `hasNext()` method to see
// if this is the last element
echo $each;
}
}
My solution, also quite simple..
$array = [...];
$last = count($array) - 1;
foreach($array as $index => $value)
{
if($index == $last)
// this is last array
else
// this is not last array
}
If the items are numerically ordered, use the key() function to determine the index of the current item and compare it to the length. You'd have to use next() or prev() to cycle through items in a while loop instead of a for loop:
$length = sizeOf($arr);
while (key(current($arr)) != $length-1) {
$v = current($arr); doSomething($v); //do something if not the last item
next($myArray); //set pointer to next item
}
Simple approach using array_keys function to get the keys and get only first key [0] of reversed array which is the last key.
$array = array('a' => 1,'b' => 2,'c' => 3);
$last_key = array_keys(array_reverse($array, true))[0];
foreach($array as $key => $value) {
if ($last_key !== $key)
// THIS IS NOT THE LAST ELEMENT IN THE ARRAY doSomething();
}
NOTE: array_reverse reverse array take two arguments first array we want be reversed and second parameter true, to reverse the array and preserves the order of keys.
Example:
$arr = array(
'apple' => 'sweet',
'grapefruit' => 'bitter',
'pear' => 'tasty',
'banana' => 'yellow'
);
I want to switch the positions of grapefruit and pear, so the array will become
$arr = array(
'apple' => 'sweet',
'pear' => 'tasty',
'grapefruit' => 'bitter',
'banana' => 'yellow'
)
I know the keys and values of the elements I want to switch, is there an easy way to do this? Or will it require a loop + creating a new array?
Thanks
Just a little shorter and less complicated than the solution of arcaneerudite:
<?php
if(!function_exists('array_swap_assoc')) {
function array_swap_assoc($key1, $key2, $array) {
$newArray = array ();
foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
if ($key == $key1) {
$newArray[$key2] = $array[$key2];
} elseif ($key == $key2) {
$newArray[$key1] = $array[$key1];
} else {
$newArray[$key] = $value;
}
}
return $newArray;
}
}
$array = $arrOrig = array(
'fruit' => 'pear',
'veg' => 'cucumber',
'tuber' => 'potato',
'meat' => 'ham'
);
$newArray = array_swap_assoc('veg', 'tuber', $array);
var_dump($array, $newArray);
?>
Tested and works fine
Here's my version of the swap function:
function array_swap_assoc(&$array,$k1,$k2) {
if($k1 === $k2) return; // Nothing to do
$keys = array_keys($array);
$p1 = array_search($k1, $keys);
if($p1 === FALSE) return; // Sanity check...keys must exist
$p2 = array_search($k2, $keys);
if($p2 === FALSE) return;
$keys[$p1] = $k2; // Swap the keys
$keys[$p2] = $k1;
$values = array_values($array);
// Swap the values
list($values[$p1],$values[$p2]) = array($values[$p2],$values[$p1]);
$array = array_combine($keys, $values);
}
if the array comes from the db, add a sort_order field so you can always be sure in what order the elements are in the array.
This may or may not be an option depending on your particular use-case, but if you initialize your array with null values with the appropriate keys before populating it with data, you can set the values in any order and the original key-order will be maintained. So instead of swapping elements, you can prevent the need to swap them entirely:
$arr = array('apple' => null,
'pear' => null,
'grapefruit' => null,
'banana' => null);
...
$arr['apple'] = 'sweet';
$arr['grapefruit'] = 'bitter'; // set grapefruit before setting pear
$arr['pear'] = 'tasty';
$arr['banana'] = 'yellow';
print_r($arr);
>>> Array
(
[apple] => sweet
[pear] => tasty
[grapefruit] => bitter
[banana] => yellow
)
Not entirely sure if this was mentioned, but, the reason this is tricky is because it's non-indexed.
Let's take:
$arrOrig = array(
'fruit'=>'pear',
'veg'=>'cucumber',
'tuber'=>'potato'
);
Get the keys:
$arrKeys = array_keys($arrOrig);
print_r($arrKeys);
Array(
[0]=>fruit
[1]=>veg
[2]=>tuber
)
Get the values:
$arrVals = array_values($arrOrig);
print_r($arrVals);
Array(
[0]=>pear
[1]=>cucumber
[2]=>potato
)
Now you've got 2 arrays that are numerical. Swap the indices of the ones you want to swap, then read the other array back in in the order of the modified numerical array. Let's say we want to swap 'fruit' and 'veg':
$arrKeysFlipped = array_flip($arrKeys);
print_r($arrKeysFlipped);
Array (
[fruit]=>0
[veg]=>1
[tuber]=>2
)
$indexFruit = $arrKeysFlipped['fruit'];
$indexVeg = $arrKeysFlipped['veg'];
$arrKeysFlipped['veg'] = $indexFruit;
$arrKeysFlipped['fruit'] = $indexVeg;
print_r($arrKeysFlipped);
Array (
[fruit]=>1
[veg]=>0
[tuber]=>2
)
Now, you can swap back the array:
$arrKeys = array_flip($arrKeysFlipped);
print_r($arrKeys);
Array (
[0]=>veg
[1]=>fruit
[2]=>tuber
)
Now, you can build an array by going through the oringal array in the 'order' of the rearranged keys.
$arrNew = array ();
foreach($arrKeys as $index=>$key) {
$arrNew[$key] = $arrOrig[$key];
}
print_r($arrNew);
Array (
[veg]=>cucumber
[fruit]=>pear
[tuber]=>potato
)
I haven't tested this - but this is what I'd expect. Does this at least provide any kind of help? Good luck :)
You could put this into a function $arrNew = array_swap_assoc($key1,$key2,$arrOld);
<?php
if(!function_exists('array_swap_assoc')) {
function array_swap_assoc($key1='',$key2='',$arrOld=array()) {
$arrNew = array ();
if(is_array($arrOld) && count($arrOld) > 0) {
$arrKeys = array_keys($arrOld);
$arrFlip = array_flip($arrKeys);
$indexA = $arrFlip[$key1];
$indexB = $arrFlip[$key2];
$arrFlip[$key1]=$indexB;
$arrFlip[$key2]=$indexA;
$arrKeys = array_flip($arrFlip);
foreach($arrKeys as $index=>$key) {
$arrNew[$key] = $arrOld[$key];
}
} else {
$arrNew = $arrOld;
}
return $arrNew;
}
}
?>
WARNING: Please test and debug this before just using it - no testing has been done at all.
There is no easy way, just a loop or a new array definition.
Classical associative array doesn't define or guarantee sequence of elements in any way. There is plain array/vector for that. If you use associative array you are assumed to need random access but not sequential. For me you are using assoc array for task it is not made for.
yeah I agree with Lex, if you are using an associative array to hold data, why not using your logic handle how they are accessed instead of depending on how they are arranged in the array.
If you really wanted to make sure they were in a correct order, trying creating fruit objects and then put them in a normal array.
There is no easy way to do this. This sounds like a slight design-logic error on your part which has lead you to try to do this when there is a better way to do whatever it is you are wanting to do. Can you tell us why you want to do this?
You say that I know the keys and values of the elements I want to switch which makes me think that what you really want is a sorting function since you can easily access the proper elements anytime you want as they are.
$value = $array[$key];
If that is the case then I would use sort(), ksort() or one of the many other sorting functions to get the array how you want. You can even use usort() to Sort an array by values using a user-defined comparison function.
Other than that you can use array_replace() if you ever need to swap values or keys.
Here are two solutions. The first is longer, but doesn't create a temporary array, so it saves memory. The second probably runs faster, but uses more memory:
function swap1(array &$a, $key1, $key2)
{
if (!array_key_exists($key1, $a) || !array_key_exists($key2, $a) || $key1 == $key2) return false;
$after = array();
while (list($key, $val) = each($a))
{
if ($key1 == $key)
{
break;
}
else if ($key2 == $key)
{
$tmp = $key1;
$key1 = $key2;
$key2 = $tmp;
break;
}
}
$val1 = $a[$key1];
$val2 = $a[$key2];
while (list($key, $val) = each($a))
{
if ($key == $key2)
$after[$key1] = $val1;
else
$after[$key] = $val;
unset($a[$key]);
}
unset($a[$key1]);
$a[$key2] = $val2;
while (list($key, $val) = each($after))
{
$a[$key] = $val;
unset($after[$key]);
}
return true;
}
function swap2(array &$a, $key1, $key2)
{
if (!array_key_exists($key1, $a) || !array_key_exists($key2, $a) || $key1 == $key2) return false;
$swapped = array();
foreach ($a as $key => $val)
{
if ($key == $key1)
$swapped[$key2] = $a[$key2];
else if ($key == $key2)
$swapped[$key1] = $a[$key1];
else
$swapped[$key] = $val;
}
$a = $swapped;
return true;
}
fwiw here is a function to swap two adjacent items to implement moveUp() or moveDown() in an associative array without foreach()
/**
* #param array $array to modify
* #param string $key key to move
* #param int $direction +1 for down | -1 for up
* #return $array
*/
protected function moveInArray($array, $key, $direction = 1)
{
if (empty($array)) {
return $array;
}
$keys = array_keys($array);
$index = array_search($key, $keys);
if ($index === false) {
return $array; // not found
}
if ($direction < 0) {
$index--;
}
if ($index < 0 || $index >= count($array) - 1) {
return $array; // at the edge: cannot move
}
$a = $keys[$index];
$b = $keys[$index + 1];
$result = array_slice($array, 0, $index, true);
$result[$b] = $array[$b];
$result[$a] = $array[$a];
return array_merge($result, array_slice($array, $index + 2, null, true));
}
There is an easy way:
$sourceArray = array(
'apple' => 'sweet',
'grapefruit' => 'bitter',
'pear' => 'tasty',
'banana' => 'yellow'
);
// set new order
$orderArray = array(
'apple' => '', //this values would be replaced
'pear' => '',
'grapefruit' => '',
//it is not necessary to touch all elemets that will remains the same
);
$result = array_replace($orderArray, $sourceArray);
print_r($result);
and you get:
$result = array(
'apple' => 'sweet',
'pear' => 'tasty',
'grapefruit' => 'bitter',
'banana' => 'yellow'
)
function arr_swap_keys(array &$arr, $key1, $key2, $f_swap_vals=false) {
// if f_swap_vals is false, then
// swap only the keys, keeping the original values in their original place
// ( i.e. do not preserve the key value correspondence )
// i.e. if arr is (originally)
// [ 'dog' => 'alpha', 'cat' => 'beta', 'horse' => 'gamma' ]
// then calling this on arr with, e.g. key1 = 'cat', and key2 = 'horse'
// will result in arr becoming:
// [ 'dog' => 'alpha', 'horse' => 'beta', 'cat' => 'gamma' ]
//
// if f_swap_vals is true, then preserve the key value correspondence
// i.e. in the above example, arr will become:
// [ 'dog' => 'alpha', 'horse' => 'gamma', 'cat' => 'beta' ]
//
//
$arr_vals = array_values($arr); // is a (numerical) index to value mapping
$arr_keys = array_keys($arr); // is a (numerical) index to key mapping
$arr_key2idx = array_flip($arr_keys);
$idx1 = $arr_key2idx[$key1];
$idx2 = $arr_key2idx[$key2];
swap($arr_keys[$idx1], $arr_keys[$idx2]);
if ( $f_swap_vals ) {
swap($arr_vals[$idx1], $arr_vals[$idx2]);
}
$arr = array_combine($arr_keys, $arr_vals);
}
function swap(&$a, &$b) {
$t = $a;
$a = $b;
$b = $t;
}
Well it's just a key sorting problem. We can use uksort for this purpose. It needs a key comparison function and we only need to know that it should return 0 to leave keys position untouched and something other than 0 to move key up or down.
Notice that it will only work if your keys you want to swap are next to each other.
<?php
$arr = array(
'apple' => 'sweet',
'grapefruit' => 'bitter',
'pear' => 'tasty',
'banana' => 'yellow'
);
uksort(
$arr,
function ($k1, $k2) {
if ($k1 == 'grapefruit' && $k2 == 'pear') return 1;
else return 0;
}
);
var_dump($arr);
I'll share my short version too, it works with both numeric and associative arrays.
array array_swap ( array $array , mixed $key1 , mixed $key2 [, bool $preserve_keys = FALSE [, bool $strict = FALSE ]] )
Returns a new array with the two elements swapped. It preserve original keys if specified. Return FALSE if keys are not found.
function array_swap(array $array, $key1, $key2, $preserve_keys = false, $strict = false) {
$keys = array_keys($array);
if(!array_key_exists($key1, $array) || !array_key_exists($key2, $array)) return false;
if(($index1 = array_search($key1, $keys, $strict)) === false) return false;
if(($index2 = array_search($key2, $keys, $strict)) === false) return false;
if(!$preserve_keys) list($keys[$index1], $keys[$index2]) = array($key2, $key1);
list($array[$key1], $array[$key2]) = array($array[$key2], $array[$key1]);
return array_combine($keys, array_values($array));
}
For example:
$arr = array_swap($arr, 'grapefruit', 'pear');
I wrote a function with more general purpose, with this problem in mind.
array with known keys
specify order of keys in a second array ($order array keys indicate key position)
function order_array($array, $order) {
foreach (array_keys($array) as $k => $v) {
$keys[++$k] = $v;
}
for ($i = 1; $i <= count($array); $i++) {
if (isset($order[$i])) {
unset($keys[array_search($order[$i], $keys)]);
}
if ($i === count($array)) {
array_push($keys, $order[$i]);
} else {
array_splice($keys, $i-1, 0, $order[$i]);
}
}
}
foreach ($keys as $key) {
$result[$key] = $array[$key];
}
return $result;
} else {
return false;
}
}
$order = array(1 => 'item3', 2 => 'item5');
$array = array("item1" => 'val1', "item2" => 'val2', "item3" => 'val3', "item4" => 'val4', "item5" => 'val5');
print_r($array); -> Array ( [item1] => val1 [item2] => val2 [item3] => val3 [item4] => val4 [item5] => val5 )
print_r(order_array($array, $order)); -> Array ( [item3] => val3 [item5] => val5 [item1] => val1 [item2] => val2 [item4] => val4 )
I hope this is relevant / helpful for someone
Arrays in php are ordered maps.
$arr = array('apple'=>'sweet','grapefruit'=>'bitter','
pear'=>'tasty','banana'=>'yellow');
doesn't mean that that the first element is 'apple'=>'sweet' and the last - 'banana'=>'yellow' just because you put 'apple' first and 'banana' last. Actually, 'apple'=>'sweet' will be the first and
'banana'=>'yellow' will be the second because of alphabetical ascending sort order.