sql updating whole data in database - php

Question

I have written code to add and update users and also I want to add and update categories they can work in. The added users will go in users table and the categories they can access goes in the category_permitted table. I have the following code for adding and updating tables:
if ($user_info) {
if ($act == "add") {
if ($user_info) {
$array = array(
'user_id' => $user_info,
'category_id' => $temp['cat_access']
);
$category_permitted->addCategoryAccess($array);
}
} else {
if ($user_info) {
$array = array(
'user_id' => $id,
'category_id' => $temp['cat_access']
);
$deleteold = $category_permitted->deleteCategoryAccess($id);
$category_permitted->addCategoryAccess($array);
}
}
}
This my function to add and update category access:
public function addCategoryAccess($data, $is_die = false){
return $this->insert($data, $is_die);
}
public function updateCategoryAccess($data, $id, $is_die = false){
$args = array(
'where' => array('user_id' => $id),
);
return $this->update($data, $args, $is_die);
}
And this is the data in database table .
My update function is updating all data of the column category_id with the number being added while updating category access for the user.
I want to leave 2 and 3 as it is and add another category id which is 1 but after running the update code it updates the data like this. Do I have to add another condition to WHERE CLAUSE to get the expected output?

Answer 1

To update only one row you need an unique identifier for that row.
If the column id is the primary key, you can use that column to update only the corresponding row.
$args = array(
'where' => array('id' => $category_permitted_id),
);
As an alternative, if you know which category is changing, and the relation (user_id,category_id) is unique, you can add the changing category to the where.
$args = array(
'where' => array(
'user_id' => $user_id,
'category_id' => $category_id
),
);
Please note that i don't know your Database abstraction layer and i'm implying that you can simply add another entry in the array to put conditions in 'AND', this could be wrong in your case.
Managing relationships this way takes a bit of effort, and in my opinion is not worth it.
If you are able to modify the application logic, i suggest you to switch to using only insert/delete, like so:
Add a permitted category: Just add it creating a new record with insert
Remove a permitted category: Remove it trough a delete function
Change a permitted category to another: Delete the one that is changing and add the new one

Answer 2

Doing this in my code worked for me. I called the function $deleteold = $category_permitted->deleteCategoryAccess($id); just before the for loop to avoid deleting the previous data being deleted in every iteration.
if ($user_info) {
$cat_access = (isset($_POST['cat_access']) && !empty($_POST['cat_access'])) ? ($_POST['cat_access']) : $_SESSION['cat_access'];
$value = array();
if (!empty( $cat_access ) && is_array( $cat_access ) ) {
foreach( $cat_access as $key => $item ) {
$value[] = filter_var( $item, FILTER_SANITIZE_NUMBER_INT );
}
}
$categoryData = $value;
$temp = array();
if ($categoryData) {
$count = count($categoryData);
if ($count > 0) {
$deleteold = $category_permitted->deleteCategoryAccess($id);
for($i=0; $i<$count; $i++){
$temp =array(
'cat_access' => $categoryData[$i]
);
if ($act == "add") {
if ($user_info) {
$array = array(
'user_id' => $user_info,
'category_id' => $temp['cat_access']
);
$category_permitted->addCategoryAccess($array);
}
} else {
if ($user_info) {
$array = array(
'user_id' => $id,
'category_id' => $temp['cat_access']
);
$category_permitted->addCategoryAccess($array);
}
}
}
}
}
}