I have a .sh file generating an openssl sha256 key
$(echo -n ${DATA} | openssl sha256 -binary | base64)
And need to generate same key to compare it to using sha256 in my php file, the old one is sha1.
This is my php code right now, which outputs fine sha1 string.
$params['Code'] = base64_encode(sha1($params['Product'] . $params['Model'] . $params['Number'],true));
I changed sha1 to sha256, and I get internal server error.
It seems you want to use this:
$data = $params['Product'] . $params['Model'] . $params['Number'];
$params['Code'] = base64_encode(hash('sha256', $data, true));
but I also fail to understand why this is difficult to arrive at, given the first comment by Magnus Eriksson.
Note that we have no way to verify that this will result in the same output, as you expect.
Related
I'm attempting to run a bash command in a php script. Unfortunately, because the command contains a pipe to another command, it doesn't seem to work as simple as writing the actual bash command into proc_open, popen, or shell_exec. I'm trying to use openssl to decrypt an encrypted password. I have the encrypted password in a database and after I retrieve it I need to echo the encrypted pw and pipe it to openssl. This is the exact command I need to run in its basic bash format:
echo $encryptedPassword | openssl enc -base64 -d -aes-256-cbc -salt -pass pass: password -pbkdf2
Where password is the password I have chosen to use as a salt to encrypt it in the beginning which I'm obviously not going to put in the forum. I've tried to use proc_open, popen, and shell_exec and none of the info I've found online seems to work. There's very little information online for chaining commands within php which leads me to believe this may not be possible and I may have to take another approach. It seems there is a php openssl plugin, however my company is trying to keep things as basic as possible without installing additional components. I also feel like this would be good information to know for other command chaining as there won't always be a plugin to use.
Any help would be greatly appreciated.
With the following command:
note: please notice the use of printf %s instead of echo (which adds a newline at the end).
printf %s 'stringPassword' |
openssl enc -base64 -aes-256-cbc -salt -pass pass:'password' -pbkdf2
You get:
U2FsdGVkX1/PdBwO5rCJrbn5dZ5cHb9w1lH2E1LECBw=
For deciphering it you have to:
base64-decode the output of openssl.
Get the salt, which is bytes 9-16 of the base64-decoded string.
Derive a 48 bytes key using PBKDF2 with the given password, the salt and 10000 iterations of sha256 hashing (default of openssl -pbkdf2).
Get the encryption key (which is bytes 1-32) and the iv (which is bytes 33-48) from the derived key.
Get the ciphered text, which is bytes 17 through the end of the base64-decoded string.
Decrypt the ciphered text using aes-256-cbc, the encryption key and the iv.
Now, let's try to decipher it with php:
function decrypt($data, $passphrase) {
$d = unpack(
'x8/a8salt/a*data',
base64_decode( $data, true )
);
$k = unpack(
'a32key/a16iv',
openssl_pbkdf2( $passphrase, $d['salt'], 48, 10000, 'sha256' )
);
return openssl_decrypt(
$d['data'],
'aes-256-cbc',
$k['key'],
OPENSSL_RAW_DATA,
$k['iv']
);
}
var_dump( decrypt('U2FsdGVkX1/PdBwO5rCJrbn5dZ5cHb9w1lH2E1LECBw=', 'password') );
string(14) "stringPassword"
ASIDE: answering OP's initial question.
For calling the openssl command in a pipe inside php you can use shell_exec, but you SHALL prevent any potential code injection:
$cypher = 'U2FsdGVkX1/PdBwO5rCJrbn5dZ5cHb9w1lH2E1LECBw=';
$secret = 'password';
$text = shell_exec(
'echo ' . escapeshellarg($cypher) . ' | ' .
'openssl enc -d -base64 -aes-256-cbc -salt -pbkdf2 -pass pass:' . escapeshellarg($secret)
);
################
var_dump($text);
string(14) "stringPassword"
It turns out the digest algorithm for openssl changed between versions. 1.0.2 and older used md5 as the digest. Anything newer than that uses sha256. Since I was encrypting with newer openssl but decrypting with an older openssl, on the decryption side with openssl I had to specify to use sha256 with the option -md sha256. Otherwise it would try to use the older md5 digest. A very helpful link that led me to this conclusion: https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=225863
I am working on decrypting some content coming from an API. They have provided a command as well. So with some mofication below is the command, which works perfectly fine:
openssl enc -d -aes-128-cbc -K 422943374a3568755d7c527f6e472132 -iv 00000000000000000000000000000000 -nopad -in <(echo 'D5fiXKI4ie4c69gcCwM4/p414yrYtH9np+piNoqZASbkUnHAvbB4norHz6d6uzJmIg1sULhHFmfQTkvpw0tIEVmNcjyP6j2LK8zXYzohtNlsqBHx5v4xHEIyCcvfbMJddd5hs97jqkUtHuQyer2GdfDKZseaGgpXJ75GK7uKFPkbJ3wgQ6A0Q7q2tbBYeXEDmRMO6OhWeHgrezQOcyjcdOQk50SjMuaSb9IRimwagXamiXRg0LyTzA18a0SuqtbKCNgXnmhf39YxJUudkRmcMQ==' | base64 --decode)
I need to code in PHP, so I need to translate same thing in PHP, and here is what I have written in PHP:
$encodedStr = "PYroeIibeYwy/waD3opLw6yWT6Wfv3AhBKhQpoR+6qT9gx/bTDdR9QIfXcVURoQ2QlTl8L+JZX4Ije8M+FAQOxVmEXAmyUpzLgeg7aRCA6iiJbav/W3xW0BWb3D3QELjKTN4KRB2FdM7G5eIIfvjpeySLxQ3h7eL16nQf+1rms4VoVsBaeO8aU+Zy9saKZR4oL+k40m6tjtvtXryg7sWcmUgdonP/Jg4osESrY3MmGl7qXSpJC+v4g3iOY7s8NwywSN9q2Id7P0IaVtb5AFOEQ==";
$secretHash = ",MF-,2Y*s8DoYCFI";
$encryptionMethod = "AES-128-CBC";
$iv = "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00";
$encrypted = base64_decode($encodedStr);
$hexKey = strToHex($secretHash);
$response = openssl_decrypt($encodedStr, $encryptionMethod, $hexKey, OPENSSL_ZERO_PADDING, $iv);
And in response, I am getting a string of odd characters instead of actual string which I can get from openssl command in command line.
As per openssl_decrypt documentation:
Takes a raw or base64 encoded string and decrypts it using a given method and key.
I have also tried giving base64 decoded value as well in first argument of this function. Encryption method also seems fine. And Zero padding as told in API document. Only thing which I think can be doubtful is zero iv. Let me know if I am making zero iv in wrong way. I have tried not using iv as well but not useful. Or also let me know if I am doing wrong in something else.
openssl_decrypt expects key to be binary not hex. You don't need to convert $secretHash to hex and just pass it as is.
$response = openssl_decrypt($encodedStr, $encryptionMethod, $secretHash, OPENSSL_ZERO_PADDING, $iv);
I have come accross other threads with similar questions but due to recent changes in PHP (ie. mcrypt removal), I am seeking some advice as to how I'd best go about this using OpenSSL in 2017/18.
Using echo 'this string will be encrypted' | openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -a -pass pass:123 in the Mac Terminal, I was able to password encrypt the string and would now like to pass this (as a parameter) into a server-side PHP function to decrypt.
Having studied this question, I can see that it is possible but it uses the now removed mcrypt function. Further reading in the PHP manual, I am no closer to figuring out how to reverse this encryption command into its PHP decryption equivalent.
This recent answer is what I have implemented so far, yet again, it just won't work with a Terminal generated encryption, only one which was created in PHP (not shown here).
<?php
$encrypted_string = $_GET['data'];
$password = '123';
$decrypted_data = openssl_decrypt($encrypted_string, "AES-256-CBC", $password);
print "Decrypted Data: <$decrypted_data>\n";
?>
The OpenSSL PHP manual states that either plain text or base64 encoded strings can be passed in and be decrypted. As I have used the -a flag during encryption, I would expect base64 to be passed in, thus eliminating the source as a potential reason why no decrypted data is returned.
I have taken care of URL encoding such that any + symbols produced by the encryption algorithm are replaced with their - %2B - URL-Safe equivalent as they would otherwise be turned into a space character, thus breaking the parameter string. This further ensures that the encoded input string is correctly addressed by the decryption algorithm.
Questions: Why won't my PHP function decrypt the string generated by the terminal command, although both use the same method and password? What is missing from my PHP code that would enable this to work?
Cheers everyone.
UPDATE
I am now using Terminal command:
echo 'blah' | openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -a -K B374A26A71490437AA024E4FADD5B497FDFF1A8EA6FF12F6FB65AF2720B59CCF -iv 64299685b2cc8da5
which encrypts to: Y4xelTtEJPUHytB5ARwUHQ==
I pass this to PHP using www.example.com/?data=Y4xelTtEJPUHytB5ARwUHQ==
PHP should take data param and decrypt. Currently, that function looks like this:
<?php
$encrypted_string = base64_decode($_GET['data']);
$key = 'B374A26A71490437AA024E4FADD5B497FDFF1A8EA6FF12F6FB65AF2720B59CCF';
$iv = '64299685b2cc8da5';
$output = openssl_decrypt($encrypted_string, 'AES-256-CBC', hex2bin($key), OPENSSL_RAW_DATA, hex2bin($iv));
print "Decrypted Data: <$output>\n";
?>
OpenSSL uses a proprietary KDF that you probably don't want to put the effort in to reproduce in PHP code. However, you can pass your key as pure hex instead, avoiding the KDF, by using the -K flag:
echo 'blah' | openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -K 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
Here, the large hex string is your 256-bit key, hex encoded. This encryption operation will be compatible with your PHP.
Here is the string I am submitting as text file (csr.txt) with command line
https://pastebin.com/qBLJcKQB
openssl command I am passing is:
openssl req -noout -modulus -in csr.txt | openssl md5
e199562f2e9f6a29826745d09faec3a6
Here is the php script version for getting the md5 hash
<?php
$csr = '-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----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-----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----';
$csrDetails = openssl_pkey_get_details(openssl_csr_get_public_key($csr));
echo md5($csrDetails['rsa']['n']);
?>
php script produces:
718926bb97aabc0fd1116fa25c295612
I have seen other threads which talk about excluding new line but in my case I am not using echo but rather using openssl. Why PHP's md5 is different from OpenSSL's md5?
Appreciate some assistance.
NOTE: If I drop from the command line "| openssl md5" & in the php script remove md5() then the results are identical
php script produces:
echo strtoupper(bin2hex($csrDetails['rsa']['n']));
B1FCD68F28FBCE554595709A18C1FA1A3DE3B16576B42EAB2E744A2B8C7B854688D09AE2A975104CD60A4E05610EC951D4AD33AC961C6AAA66C1BE0FAD427FD91639B22ED0BC79E777027734E74714E2BC8209F542A46F145A38B2C3E9616198EB701B8F40DFF4EEA28041D0450B67E7FF5692433C7AF2CB992D9961FF6FE96F
In the php version you are hashing the binary representation of the modulus, i.e. the binary data 0xB1FCD68F28.... With the command line version you are hashing a printable text string representation of the modulus, i.e. the string "Modulus=B1FCD68F28...". Assuming you are on a machine using an ASCII based character set, this translates to the binary data 0x4D6F64756C... Therefore you are hashing different data in each case and so you are going to get a different result.
Also it looks like openssl is adding a "\n" to the end of the output from the "openssl req ..." command. From php try running md5("Modulus=B1FCD68F28...\n"), i.e. note using " instead of ' and the \n on the end. I tried that and got "e199562f2e9f6a29826745d09faec3a6" - the same as the OpenSSL command line
I am following the guide to use MySQL to create users in proFTPd. To encrypt passwords, the guide uses the following command:
/bin/echo "{md5}"`/bin/echo -n "password" | openssl dgst -binary -md5 | openssl enc -base64`
I wander how I would do this in PHP? I have googled this but I can't figure out how to implement this command in PHP. Is it just the MD5 hash of the base64 encoded form of the password?
Per ProFTPD's SQL howto FAQ, you might try using:
$password = "{md5}".base64_encode(pack("H*", md5($password)));
It's more than just the MD5 hash of the password; it's the base64-encoded form of the MD5 hash, plus a prefix which indicates which hash algorithm was used (that's the leading {md5} portion of the string).
Hope this helps!