Compare one number with numbers in array to find the smallest difference - php

I have:
$current_price = 100;
$array_price = array(10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90, 140,150)
I want to compare the current price with the prices in the array, find the smallest abs difference and save the price from the array that has the smallest difference with the current price
$diff = '';
$diff_array=array();
foreach ($array_price as $value) {
$diff = abs($current_pric - $value);
$diff_array[] = $diff;
}
echo(min($diff_array) . "<br>");
In this case i can find the smallest difference but how i can save the price from the array that is connected with that smallest difference?

You don't need $diff_array. Just loop through the array testing whether the current difference is smaller than the smallest difference seen so far. If so, save the current difference and the current price in variables.
$smallest_element = $array_price[0];
$smallest_diff = abs($smallest_element - $current_price);
for ($i = 1; $i < count($array_price); $i++) {
if (abs($array_price[$i] - $current_price) < $smallest_diff) {
$smallest_diff = abs($array_price[$i] - $current_price);
$smallest_element = $array_price[$i];
}
}
echo "Closest price is $smallest_element\n";

I would approach the problem a little bit different.
Just save the value of the variable if it is lower than the saved one, and also keep the index of the array so you will have the index and the value of the array.

You can approach this by using array_walk with abs and than in difference array use min & array_search retrieve the min array element which is the lower difference
$b = [];
array_walk($array_price, function(&$v,&$k) use ($current_price, &$b){
$b[$v] = abs($current_price - $v);
});
echo 'Minimam array element is : '.array_search(min($b), $b).', which has difference : '.min($b);
Live working example : https://3v4l.org/QasYM

Related

PHP distribute percentage based on total numbers

I'm trying to distribute 100% to total numbers (not equally), it can be done manually but I'm looking for a automatically way in PHP. I had to open calculator and get it done for manual.
What I'm trying to achieve is the result similar to this:
$value = 10000;
$total_numbers = 9
$a1 = $value*0.2;
$a2 = $value*0.175;
$a3 = $value*0.15;
$a4 = $value*0.125;
$a5 = $value*0.1;
$a6 = $value*0.08;
$a7 = $value*0.07;
$a8 = $value*0.05;
$a9 = $value*0.04;
So as you can see, the first variables have more quantity than the later ones, but if you add these, it will be 1 which is 100%. So lets say I have total_numbers=20 then I'll have to re-write it and get a calculator and do it the hard way to accomplish my goal. Is there any way this can be done automatically with a function where I can just tell the total number and it can distribute it to proportions or something?
The first one will always be bigger than rest, then second one bigger than rest but smaller than first, third one being greater than rest but small than first and second, and so on.
function distributeValue($value, $num) {
$parts = $num * ($num + 1) / 2;
$values = [];
for ($i = $num; $i > 1; --$i) {
$values[] = round($value * $i / $parts);
}
$values[] = $value - array_sum($values);
return $values;
}
var_dump(distributeValue(10000, 9));
This works by calculating the $numth triangle number (the number you get by adding all the numbers from 1 to $num) and dividing the total value up into this number of parts.
It then starts by taking $num parts, then $num-1 parts and so on.
Since it's rounding the numbers, the last step is to take the total minus all the other values which is around one part. If you are fine with getting floats instead of ints out, then you can remove the $values[] = $value - array_sum($values); line and change the condition of the for loop to $i > 0.

Find the matched value of an array with a given value

I have an array of value series like:
$series = [100,300,500,800,1000,3000,5000,10000,15000,20000];
Another value getting from DB like:
$point = $data[‘earned_point’];
I need the highest match from the series. such as I got a value from db (1500) the highest match of the value is 1000 in the series, so I need to get the $series[4] and make it
$reward = $series[4] * 0.1;
I'll run it in a loop to do it for all the values got from DB.
I'm posting alternate code as the accepted answer while is correct can be very inefficient if you are working with a large array.
<?php
function computeReward($series, $point, $percent = 0.1){
arsort($series); // sort the series in reverse so we can pass any array and the highest number will be the first because we are looking for a number lower or equal to our point
foreach($series as $min_point){
if($min_point <= $point){
return $min_point * $percent; // return the min_point * the percentage, this stops the loop there for being more efficient
}
}
}
$series = [100,300,500,800,1000,3000,5000,10000,15000,20000];
$point = $data['earned_point'];
$reward = computeReward($series, $point);
?>
Do you mean you want to get which highest $series item is equal or less than $point ?
<?php
$series = [100,300,500,800,1000,3000,5000,10000,15000,20000];
$point = $data['earned_point'];
foreach ($series as $min_point) {
if ($point >= $min_point) {
$matched_min_point = $min_point;
}
}
$reward = $matched_min_point*0.1;
Let me know if this works for you

Create numbers within an array that add up to a set amount

I'm fairly new to PHP - programming in general. So basically what I need to accomplish is, create an array of x amount of numbers (created randomly) whose value add up to n:
Let's say, I have to create 4 numbers that add up to 30. I just need the first random dataset. The 4 and 30 here are variables which will be set by the user.
Essentially something like
x = amount of numbers;
n = sum of all x's combined;
// create x random numbers which all add up to n;
$row = array(5, 7, 10, 8) // these add up to 30
Also, no duplicates are allowed and all numbers have to be positive integers.
I need the values within an array. I have been messing around with it sometime, however, my knowledge is fairly limited. Any help will be greatly appreciated.
First off, this is a really cool problem. I'm almost sure that my approach doesn't even distribute the numbers perfectly, but it should be better than some of the other approaches here.
I decided to build the array from the lowest number up (and shuffle them at the end). This allows me to always choose a random range that will allows yield valid results. Since the numbers must always be increasing, I solved for the highest possible number that ensures that a valid solution still exists (ie, if n=4 and max=31, if the first number was picked to be 7, then it wouldn't be possible to pick numbers greater than 7 such that the sum of 4 numbers would be equal to 31).
$n = 4;
$max = 31;
$array = array();
$current_min = 1;
while( $n > 1 ) {
//solve for the highest possible number that would allow for $n many random numbers
$current_max = floor( ($max/$n) - (($n-1)/2) );
if( $current_max < $current_min ) throw new Exception( "Can't use combination" );
$new_rand = rand( $current_min, $current_max ); //get a new rand
$max -= $new_rand; //drop the max
$current_min = $new_rand + 1; //bump up the new min
$n--; //drop the n
$array[] = $new_rand; //add rand to array
}
$array[] = $max; //we know what the last element must be
shuffle( $array );
EDIT: For large values of $n you'll end up with a lot of grouped values towards the end of the array, since there is a good chance you will get a random value near the max value forcing the rest to be very close together. A possible fix is to have a weighted rand, but that's beyond me.
I'm not sure whether I understood you correctly, but try this:
$n = 4;
$max = 30;
$array = array();
do {
$random = mt_rand(0, $max);
if (!in_array($random, $array)) {
$array[] = $random;
$n--;
}
} while (n > 0);
sorry i missed 'no duplicates' too
-so need to tack on a 'deduplicator' ...i put it in the other question
To generate a series of random numbers with a fixed sum:
make a series of random numbers (of largest practical magnitude to hide granularity...)
calculate their sum
multiply each in series by desiredsum/sum
(basicaly to scale a random series to its new size)
Then there is rounding error to adjust for:
recalculate sum and its difference
from desired sum
add the sumdiff to a random element
in series if it doesnt result in a
negative, if it does loop to another
random element until fine.
to be ultratight instead add or
subtract 1 bit to random elements
until sumdiff=0
Some non-randomness resulting from doing it like this is if the magnitude of the source randoms is too small causing granularity in the result.
I dont have php, but here's a shot -
$n = ; //size of array
$targsum = ; //target sum
$ceiling = 0x3fff; //biggish number for rands
$sizedrands = array();
$firstsum=0;
$finsum=0;
//make rands, sum size
for( $count=$n; $count>0; $count--)
{ $arand=rand( 0, $ceiling );
$sizedrands($count)=$arand;
$firstsum+=$arand; }
//resize, sum resize
for( $count=$n; $count>0; $count--)
{ $sizedrands($count)=($sizedrands($count)*$targsum)/$firstsum;
$finsum+=$sizedrands($count);
}
//redistribute parts of rounding error randomly until done
$roundup=$targsum-$finsum;
$rounder=1; if($roundup<0){ $rounder=-1; }
while( $roundup!=0 )
{ $arand=rand( 0, $n );
if( ($rounder+$sizedrands($arand) ) > 0 )
{ $sizedrands($arand)+=$rounder;
$roundup-=$rounder; }
}
Hope this will help you more....
Approch-1
$aRandomarray = array();
for($i=0;$i<100;$i++)
{
$iRandomValue = mt_rand(1000, 999);
if (!in_array($iRandomValue , $aRandomarray)) {
$aRandomarray[$i] = $iRandomValue;
}
}
Approch-2
$aRandomarray = array();
for($i=0;$i<100;$i++)
{
$iRandomValue = mt_rand(100, 999);
$sRandom .= $iRandomValue;
}
array_push($aRandomarray, $sRandom);

Math average with php

Time to test your math skills...
I'm using php to find the average of $num1, $num2, $num3 and so on; upto an unset amount of numbers. It then saves that average to a database.
Next time the php script is called a new number is added to the mix.
Is there a math (most likely algebra) equation that I can use to find the average of the original numbers with the new number included. Or do I need to save the original numbers in the database so I can query them and re-calculate the entire bunch of numbers together?
array_sum($values) / count($values)
If what you mean by average is the 'mean' and you don't want to store all numbers then store their count:
$last_average = 100;
$total_numbers = 10;
$new_number = 54;
$new_average = (($last_average * $total_numbers) + $new_number) / ($total_numbers + 1);
Average = Sum / Number of values
Just store all 3 values, there's no need for anything complicated.
If you store the Average and Sum then calculate Number of values you'll lose a little accuracy due to truncation of Average.
If you store the Average and Number of values then calculate Sum you'll lose even more accuracy. You have more margin for error in calculating a correct value for Number of values than Sum thanks to it being an integer.
<?php
function avrg()
{
$count = func_num_args();
$args = func_get_args();
return (array_sum($args) / $count);
}
?>
http://php.net/manual/en/function.array-sum.php#101727
Thought that I should share my function
function avg(array $values) {
$sum = array_sum($values);
$count = count($values);
return ($count !== 0)? $sum / $count: NAN;
}
echo avg([1, 2, 3, 4]); // 2.5
Will return the average and also take into account 0, for example dividing by zero always returns NaN (Not a number)
1/0 = NaN
0/0 = NaN
If you know the amount of numbers you can calculate the old sum, add the new one and divide by the old amount plus one.
$oldsum = $average * $amount;
$newaverage = ($oldsum + $newnum) / ($amount + 1);
Typically what you might do is save two pieces of information:
the sum of all the numbers
the count of numbers
Whenever you want to get the average, divide the sum by the count (taking care for the case of count == 0, of course). Whenever you want to include a new number, add the new number to the sum and increment the count by 1.
This is called a 'running average' or 'moving average'.
If the database stores the average and the number of values averaged, it will be possible to calculate a new running average for each new value.
function avgvals($avg_vals,$avg_delimiter=',') {
if ( (is_string($avg_vals) && strlen($avg_vals) > 2) && (is_string($avg_delimiter) && !empty($avg_delimiter)) ) {
$average_vals = explode($avg_delimiter, $avg_vals);
$return_vals = ( array_sum($average_vals) / count($average_vals) );
} elseif ( (is_string($avg_vals) && strlen($avg_vals) <= 2) && (is_string($avg_delimiter) && !empty($avg_delimiter)) ) {
$return_vals = $avg_vals;
} else {
$return_vals = FALSE;
}
return $return_vals;
}
Code:
function avg($list){
$sum = array_sum($list);
$count = count($list);
return ($count)? $sum / $count: NAN;
}
print ("Average: ".avg([1,2,3,4,5]));
Output:
Average: 3
You need to save all the original numbers in the database.

Calculate greatest number of days between two consecutive dates

If you have an array of ISO dates, how would you calculate the most days between two sequential dates from the array?
$array = array('2009-03-11', '2009-03-12', '2009-04-12', '2009-05-03', '2009-10-30');
I think I need a loop, some sort of iterating variable and a sort. I can't quite figure it out.
This is actually being output from MYSQL.
Here is how you can do it in PHP:
<?php
$array = array('2009-03-11', '2009-03-12', '2009-04-12', '2009-05-03', '2009-10-30');
# PHP was throwing errors until I set this
# it may be unnecessary depending on where you
# are using your code:
date_default_timezone_set("GMT");
$max = 0;
if( count($array) > 1 ){
for($i = 0; $i < count($array) - 1; $i++){
$start = strtotime( $array[$i] );
$end = strtotime( $array[$i + 1] );
$diff = $end - $start;
if($diff > $max) $max = $diff;
}
}
$max = $max / (60*60*24);
?>
It loops throw your items (it executes one less time than there are number of items) and compares each one. If the comparison is larger than the next, it updates max. Time is in seconds, so after the loop is over we convert the seconds into days.
This PHP script will give you the largest interval
1 ){
for($i = 0; $i $maxinterval) $maxinterval = $days;
}
}
?>
EDIT:
As [originally] worded the question can be understood in [at least ;-)] two ways:
A) The array contains a list of dates in ascending order. The task is to find the longuest period (expressed in number of days) between to consecutive dates in the array.
B) The array is not necessarily sorted. The task is to find the longuest period (expr. in number of days) between any two dates in the array
The following provides an answer to the "B" understanding of the question. For a response to "A", see dcneiner's solution
No Sorting needed!...
If it comes from MySQL, you may have this DBMS returns directly the MIN and MAX values for the considered list.
EDIT: As indicated by Darkerstar, the way the way the data is structured [and also the existing SQL query which returns the complete list as indicated in the question] generally dictate the way the query which produces the MIN and MAX value should be structured.
Maybe something like this:
SELECT MIN(the_date_field), MAX(the_date_field)
FROM the_table
WHERE -- whatever where conditions if any
--Note: no GROUP BY needed
If, somehow, you cannot use SQL, a single pass through the list will allow you to obtain the MIN and MAX value in the list (in O(n) time, that is).
Algorithm is trivial:
Set Min and Max Value to first item in [unsorted] list.
Iterate through each following item in the list, comparing it with the Min Value and replacing it if found smaller, and doing like-wise for the Max value...
With Min and Max values in hand, a simple difference gives the max number of days...
In PHP, it's looks like the following:
<?php
$array = array('2009-03-11', '2009-03-12', '2009-04-12', '2009-05-03', '2009-10-30');
# may need this as suggested by dcneiner
date_default_timezone_set("GMT");
$max = $array[0];
$min = $max;
for($i = 1; $i < count($array); $i++){
// Note that since the strings in the array are in the format YYYY-MM-DD,
// they can be compared as-is without requiring say strtotime conversion.
if ($array[$i] < $min)
$min = $array[$i];
if ($array[$i] > $max)
$max = $array[$i];
}
$day_count = (strtotime($max) - strtotime($min)) / (60*60*24);
?>

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