Related
I know this has been asked on SO before but I think my situation is a little bit different:
When I'm trying to use curl inside PHP I receive the following error when trying to interact with apples push notification service (https://api.push.apple.com/3/device/)
Curl failed: NSS: client certificate not found (nickname not specified)
This is due to the fact that on centos, php is build with curl that uses NSS instead OpenSSL.
What I tried so far:
Recompiling curl (worked! Binary is able to perform the call, but php is not)
Recompiling php (didnt work, as it requires curl-devel to be installed, which might link to NSS again)
So my next approach is to fix this NSS problem, but it turns out NSS is a very bad piece of software as just a simple rename of an imported lets-ecnrypt certificate doesnt work.. ..
Could someone please explain me how I could fix this? I already tried importing a lets encrypt certificate into the NSS database stored in /etc/pki/nssdb, that worked - but unfortunately the certificate is not recognized in PHP, even if I provide its nickname in CURLOPT_SSLCERT => 'nickname'.
Maybe this is because it has special characters inside its nickname which i cannot change as NSS fails to rename (lol).
When I directly try to provide certificates in php using
CURLOPT_SSLCERT => $certFile,
CURLOPT_SSLKEY => $keyFile,
CURLOPT_CAINFO => $caCertFile
I get:
Curl failed: Peer's Certificate issuer is not recognized.
I also turned of peer verification by
CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER => FALSE
ending in
Curl failed: security library failure
Is there anybody out there who could teach me how to fix it or how to build php on centos with builting curl using openssl?
BR,
Finally I got this working, here is what I did:
Recompiled curl with openssl and put the libcurl.so.4 in a new folder /home/mylibs/
Copied all libs from /usr/lib to /home/mylibs/ while not replacing my libcurl.so.4
Located the system's php-cgi binary, renamed it to php-cgi-real
Created a blank file php-cgi
#! /bin/bash
export LD_PRELOAD=/home/mylibs/libcurl.so.4
exec php-cgi-real "$#"
Restarted the service
Done!
I’ve been trying to access this particular REST service from a PHP page I’ve created on our server. I narrowed the problem down to these two lines. So my PHP page looks like this:
<?php
$response = file_get_contents("https://maps.co.weber.ut.us/arcgis/rest/services/SDE_composite_locator/GeocodeServer/findAddressCandidates?Street=&SingleLine=3042+N+1050+W&outFields=*&outSR=102100&searchExtent=&f=json");
echo $response; ?>
The page dies on line 2 with the following errors:
Warning: file_get_contents(): SSL operation failed with code 1.
OpenSSL Error messages: error:14090086:SSL
routines:SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE:certificate verify failed in
...php on line 2
Warning: file_get_contents(): Failed to enable crypto in ...php on
line 2
Warning:
file_get_contents(https://maps.co.weber.ut.us/arcgis/rest/services/SDE_composite_locator/GeocodeServer/findAddressCandidates?Street=&SingleLine=3042+N+1050+W&outFields=*&outSR=102100&searchExtent=&f=json):
failed to open stream: operation failed in ...php on line 2
We’re using a Gentoo server. We recently upgraded to PHP version 5.6. It was after the upgrade when this problem appeared.
I found when I replace the REST service with an address like https://www.google.com; my page works just fine.
In an earlier attempt I set “verify_peer”=>false, and passed that in as an argument to file_get_contents, as described here: file_get_contents ignoring verify_peer=>false? But like the writer noted; it made no difference.
I’ve asked one of our server administrators if these lines in our php.ini file exist:
extension=php_openssl.dll
allow_url_fopen = On
He told me that since we’re on Gentoo, openssl is compiled when we build; and it’s not set in the php.ini file.
I also confirmed that allow_url_fopen is working. Due to the specialized nature of this problem; I’m not finding a lot of information for help. Have any of you come across something like this? Thanks.
This was an enormously helpful link to find:
http://php.net/manual/en/migration56.openssl.php
An official document describing the changes made to open ssl in PHP 5.6
From here I learned of one more parameter I should have set to false: "verify_peer_name"=>false
Note: This has very significant security implications. Disabling verification potentially permits a MITM attacker to use an invalid certificate to eavesdrop on the requests. While it may be useful to do this in local development, other approaches should be used in production.
So my working code looks like this:
<?php
$arrContextOptions=array(
"ssl"=>array(
"verify_peer"=>false,
"verify_peer_name"=>false,
),
);
$response = file_get_contents("https://maps.co.weber.ut.us/arcgis/rest/services/SDE_composite_locator/GeocodeServer/findAddressCandidates?Street=&SingleLine=3042+N+1050+W&outFields=*&outSR=102100&searchExtent=&f=json", false, stream_context_create($arrContextOptions));
echo $response; ?>
You shouldn't just turn off verification. Rather you should download a certificate bundle, perhaps the curl bundle will do?
Then you just need to put it on your web server, giving the user that runs php permission to read the file. Then this code should work for you:
$arrContextOptions= [
'ssl' => [
'cafile' => '/path/to/bundle/cacert.pem',
'verify_peer'=> true,
'verify_peer_name'=> true,
],
];
$response = file_get_contents(
'https://maps.co.weber.ut.us/arcgis/rest/services/SDE_composite_locator/GeocodeServer/findAddressCandidates?Street=&SingleLine=3042+N+1050+W&outFields=*&outSR=102100&searchExtent=&f=json',
false,
stream_context_create($arrContextOptions)
);
Hopefully, the root certificate of the site you are trying to access is in the curl bundle. If it isn't, this still won't work until you get the root certificate of the site and put it into your certificate file.
I fixed this by making sure that that OpenSSL was installed on my machine and then adding this to my php.ini:
openssl.cafile=/usr/local/etc/openssl/cert.pem
You can get around this problem by writing a custom function that uses curl, as in:
function file_get_contents_curl( $url ) {
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_AUTOREFERER, TRUE );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0 );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1 );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, TRUE );
$data = curl_exec( $ch );
curl_close( $ch );
return $data;
}
Then just use file_get_contents_curl instead of file_get_contents whenever you're calling a url that begins with https.
Working for me, I am using PHP 5.6. openssl extension should be enabled and while calling google map api verify_peer make false
Below code is working for me.
<?php
$arrContextOptions=array(
"ssl"=>array(
"verify_peer"=>false,
"verify_peer_name"=>false,
),
);
$url = "https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/geocode/json?latlng="
. $latitude
. ","
. $longitude
. "&sensor=false&key="
. Yii::$app->params['GOOGLE_API_KEY'];
$data = file_get_contents($url, false, stream_context_create($arrContextOptions));
echo $data;
?>
At first you need to have enabled curl extension in PHP. Then you can use this function:
function file_get_contents_ssl($url) {
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, FALSE);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, false);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, true);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_REFERER, $url);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, TRUE);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT, 3000); // 3 sec.
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 10000); // 10 sec.
$result = curl_exec($ch);
curl_close($ch);
return $result;
}
It works similar to function file_get_contents(..).
Example:
echo file_get_contents_ssl("https://www.example.com/");
Output:
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Example Domain</title>
...
After falling victim to this problem on centOS after updating php to php5.6 I found a solution that worked for me.
Get the correct directory for your certs to be placed by default with this
php -r "print_r(openssl_get_cert_locations()['default_cert_file']);"
Then use this to get the cert and put it in the default location found from the code above
wget http://curl.haxx.se/ca/cacert.pem -O <default location>
You basically have to set the environment variable SSL_CERT_FILE to the path of the PEM file of the ssl-certificate downloaded from the following link : http://curl.haxx.se/ca/cacert.pem.
It took me a lot of time to figure this out.
If your PHP version is 5, try installing cURL by typing the following command in the terminal:
sudo apt-get install php5-curl
following below steps will fix this issue,
Download the CA Certificate from this link: https://curl.haxx.se/ca/cacert.pem
Find and open php.ini
Look for curl.cainfo and paste the absolute path where you have download the Certificate. curl.cainfo ="C:\wamp\htdocs\cert\cacert.pem"
Restart WAMP/XAMPP (apache server).
It works!
hope that helps !!
Just wanted to add to this since I ran into the same problem and nothing I could find anywhere would work (e.g downloading the cacert.pem file, setting cafile in php.ini etc.)
If you are using NGINX and your SSL certificate comes with an "intermediate certificate", you need to combine the intermediate cert file with your main "mydomain.com.crt" file and it should work. Apache has a setting specific for intermediate certs, but NGINX does not so it must be within same file as your regular cert.
Reason for this error is that PHP does not have a list of trusted certificate authorities.
PHP 5.6 and later try to load the CAs trusted by the system automatically. Issues with that can be fixed. See http://php.net/manual/en/migration56.openssl.php for more information.
PHP 5.5 and earlier are really hard to setup correctly since you manually have to specify the CA bundle in each request context, a thing you do not want to sprinkle around your code.
So I decided for my code that for PHP versions < 5.6, SSL verification simply gets disabled:
$req = new HTTP_Request2($url);
if (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.6.0', '<')) {
//correct ssl validation on php 5.5 is a pain, so disable
$req->setConfig('ssl_verify_host', false);
$req->setConfig('ssl_verify_peer', false);
}
Had the same error with PHP 7 on XAMPP and OSX.
The above mentioned answer in https://stackoverflow.com/ is good, but it did not completely solve the problem for me. I had to provide the complete certificate chain to make file_get_contents() work again. That's how I did it:
Get root / intermediate certificate
First of all I had to figure out what's the root and the intermediate certificate.
The most convenient way is maybe an online cert-tool like the ssl-shopper
There I found three certificates, one server-certificate and two chain-certificates (one is the root, the other one apparantly the intermediate).
All I need to do is just search the internet for both of them. In my case, this is the root:
thawte DV SSL SHA256 CA
And it leads to his url thawte.com. So I just put this cert into a textfile and did the same for the intermediate. Done.
Get the host certificate
Next thing I had to to is to download my server cert. On Linux or OS X it can be done with openssl:
openssl s_client -showcerts -connect whatsyoururl.de:443 </dev/null 2>/dev/null|openssl x509 -outform PEM > /tmp/whatsyoururl.de.cert
Now bring them all together
Now just merge all of them into one file. (Maybe it's good to just put them into one folder, I just merged them into one file). You can do it like this:
cat /tmp/thawteRoot.crt > /tmp/chain.crt
cat /tmp/thawteIntermediate.crt >> /tmp/chain.crt
cat /tmp/tmp/whatsyoururl.de.cert >> /tmp/chain.crt
tell PHP where to find the chain
There is this handy function openssl_get_cert_locations() that'll tell you, where PHP is looking for cert files. And there is this parameter, that will tell file_get_contents() where to look for cert files. Maybe both ways will work. I preferred the parameter way. (Compared to the solution mentioned above).
So this is now my PHP-Code
$arrContextOptions=array(
"ssl"=>array(
"cafile" => "/Applications/XAMPP/xamppfiles/share/openssl/certs/chain.pem",
"verify_peer"=> true,
"verify_peer_name"=> true,
),
);
$response = file_get_contents($myHttpsURL, 0, stream_context_create($arrContextOptions));
That's all. file_get_contents() is working again. Without CURL and hopefully without security flaws.
<?php
$stream_context = stream_context_create([
"ssl" => [
"verify_peer" => false,
"verify_peer_name" => false
]
]);
$response = file_get_contents("https://maps.co.weber.ut.us/arcgis/rest/services/SDE_composite_locator/GeocodeServer/findAddressCandidates?Street=&SingleLine=3042+N+1050+W&outFields=*&outSR=102100&searchExtent=&f=json", false, $stream_context);
echo $response;
?>
Just tested of PHP 7.2, it's working well.
EDIT: Also tested and working on PHP 7.1
Had the same ssl-problem on my developer machine (php 7, xampp on windows) with a self signed certificate trying to fopen a "https://localhost/..."-file. Obviously the root-certificate-assembly (cacert.pem) didn't work.
I just copied manually the code from the apache server.crt-File in the downloaded cacert.pem and did the openssl.cafile=path/to/cacert.pem entry in php.ini
Another thing to try is to re-install ca-certificates as detailed here.
# yum reinstall ca-certificates
...
# update-ca-trust force-enable
# update-ca-trust extract
And another thing to try is to explicitly allow the one site's certificate in question as described here (especially if the one site is your own server and you already have the .pem in reach).
# cp /your/site.pem /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/
# update-ca-trust extract
I was running into this exact SO error after upgrading to PHP 5.6 on CentOS 6 trying to access the server itself which has a cheapsslsecurity certificate which maybe it needed to be updated, but instead I installed a letsencrypt certificate and with these two steps above it did the trick. I don't know why the second step was necessary.
Useful Commands
View openssl version:
# openssl version
OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013
View PHP cli ssl current settings:
# php -i | grep ssl
openssl
Openssl default config => /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
openssl.cafile => no value => no value
openssl.capath => no value => no value
Regarding errors similar to
[11-May-2017 19:19:13 America/Chicago] PHP Warning: file_get_contents(): SSL operation failed with code 1. OpenSSL Error messages:
error:14090086:SSL routines:ssl3_get_server_certificate:certificate verify failed
Have you checked the permissions of the cert and directories referenced by openssl?
You can do this
var_dump(openssl_get_cert_locations());
To get something similar to this
array(8) {
["default_cert_file"]=>
string(21) "/usr/lib/ssl/cert.pem"
["default_cert_file_env"]=>
string(13) "SSL_CERT_FILE"
["default_cert_dir"]=>
string(18) "/usr/lib/ssl/certs"
["default_cert_dir_env"]=>
string(12) "SSL_CERT_DIR"
["default_private_dir"]=>
string(20) "/usr/lib/ssl/private"
["default_default_cert_area"]=>
string(12) "/usr/lib/ssl"
["ini_cafile"]=>
string(0) ""
["ini_capath"]=>
string(0) ""
}
This issue frustrated me for a while, until I realized that my "certs" folder had 700 permissions, when it should have had 755 permissions. Remember, this is not the folder for keys but certificates. I recommend reading this this link on ssl permissions.
Once I did
chmod 755 certs
The problem was fixed, at least for me anyway.
Fix for macos 12.4 / Mamp 6.6 / Homebrew 3.5.2 / Openssl#3
Terminal
Check version
openssl version -a
Mine was pointing to:
...
OPENSSLDIR: "/opt/homebrew/etc/openssl#3"
...
So I looked through homebrew's dir /opt/homebrew/etc/openssl#3 and found the cert.pem and made sure my Mamp's current version of php's php.ini file was pointing to homebrew's correct openssl version's cert.pem
add to php.ini
openssl.cafile=/opt/homebrew/etc/openssl#3/cert.pem
I had the same issue for another secure page when using wget or file_get_contents. A lot of research (including some of the responses on this question) resulted in a simple solution - installing Curl and PHP-Curl - If I've understood correctly, Curl has the Root CA for Comodo which resolved the issue
Install Curl and PHP-Curl addon, then restart Apache
sudo apt-get install curl
sudo apt-get install php-curl
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 reload
All now working.
For me, I was running XAMPP on a Windows 10 machine (localhost) and recently upgraded to PHP 8. I was trying to open a localhost HTTPS link via file_get_contents().
In my php.ini file, there was a line that read:
openssl.cafile="C:\Users\[USER]\xampp\apache\bin\curl-ca-bundle.crt"
This was the certificate bundle being used to validate "outside" URLs, and was a package from Mozilla as some people have discussed. I don't know if XAMPP came that way or if I set it up in the past.
At some point I had set up HTTPS on my localhost, resulting in another certificate bundle. This bundle needed to be used to validate "localhost" URLs. To remind myself where that bundle was, I opened httpd-ssl.conf and found the line that read:
SSLCertificateFile "conf/ssl.crt/server.crt"
(The complete path was C:\Users[USER]\xampp\apache\conf\ssl.crt\server.crt)
To make both localhost and outside URLs work simultaneously, I copied the contents of my localhost "server.crt" file into Mozilla's bundle "curl-ca-bundle.crt".
.
.
.
m7I1HrrW9zzRHM76JTymGoEVW/MSD2zuZYrJh6j5B+BimoxcSg==
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
Localhost--I manually added this
================================
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIDGDCCAgCgAwIBAgIQIH+mTLNOSKlD8KMZwr5P3TANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADAU
...
At that point I could use file_get_contents() with both localhost URLs and outside URLs with no additional configuration.
file_get_contents("https://localhost/...");
file_get_contents("https://google.com");
$csm = stream_context_create(['ssl' => ['capture_session_meta' => TRUE]]);
$sourceCountry = file_get_contents("https://api.wipmania.com/{$ip}?website.com", FALSE, $csm);
echo $sourceCountry;
i have exposed a couple of web services through Yii. After upgrading to PHP 5.6.33 from PHP 5.5.x, i face the following error
SoapServer::SoapServer(): SSL operation failed with code 1. OpenSSL Error messages:
error:14090086:SSL routines:SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE:certificate verify failed
the error occurs on line 166 on framework/web/services/CWebService.php (1.1.19) so far i haven't found any work around, the options property is protected and don't know how to bypass this issue, but still http://php.net/manual/en/soapserver.soapserver.php doesn't seem to support same options as SoapClient
$options["stream_context"] = stream_context_create([
"ssl" => [
// set some SSL/TLS specific options
"verify_peer" => false,
"verify_peer_name" => false,
"allow_self_signed" => true
]]);
We ended up that it was a server configuration issue. The production servers didn't faced this issue since the certificate was signed from a known authority however in the private servers, we needed to edit the php.ini file
openssl.cafile = "/etc/path/to/pem/file.pem"
I got the error too on Linux (Ubuntu) with PHP7.2 when I tried to create SoapServer in my development environment.
If you do not want to set the PHP openssl.cafile globally, just copy your Root CA into the correct folder and update certificates:
sudo cp my_root_ca.pem /usr/share/ca-certificates/my_root_ca.crt
sudo dpkg-reconfigure ca-certificates
sudo update-ca-certificates
While reconfigure ca-certificates you need to select your own certificate and activate it.
(If you do not need your Root CA anymore in your develop environment just reconfigure certificates again, unselect your CA from the list and finally update certificates.)
I’ve been trying to access this particular REST service from a PHP page I’ve created on our server. I narrowed the problem down to these two lines. So my PHP page looks like this:
<?php
$response = file_get_contents("https://maps.co.weber.ut.us/arcgis/rest/services/SDE_composite_locator/GeocodeServer/findAddressCandidates?Street=&SingleLine=3042+N+1050+W&outFields=*&outSR=102100&searchExtent=&f=json");
echo $response; ?>
The page dies on line 2 with the following errors:
Warning: file_get_contents(): SSL operation failed with code 1.
OpenSSL Error messages: error:14090086:SSL
routines:SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE:certificate verify failed in
...php on line 2
Warning: file_get_contents(): Failed to enable crypto in ...php on
line 2
Warning:
file_get_contents(https://maps.co.weber.ut.us/arcgis/rest/services/SDE_composite_locator/GeocodeServer/findAddressCandidates?Street=&SingleLine=3042+N+1050+W&outFields=*&outSR=102100&searchExtent=&f=json):
failed to open stream: operation failed in ...php on line 2
We’re using a Gentoo server. We recently upgraded to PHP version 5.6. It was after the upgrade when this problem appeared.
I found when I replace the REST service with an address like https://www.google.com; my page works just fine.
In an earlier attempt I set “verify_peer”=>false, and passed that in as an argument to file_get_contents, as described here: file_get_contents ignoring verify_peer=>false? But like the writer noted; it made no difference.
I’ve asked one of our server administrators if these lines in our php.ini file exist:
extension=php_openssl.dll
allow_url_fopen = On
He told me that since we’re on Gentoo, openssl is compiled when we build; and it’s not set in the php.ini file.
I also confirmed that allow_url_fopen is working. Due to the specialized nature of this problem; I’m not finding a lot of information for help. Have any of you come across something like this? Thanks.
This was an enormously helpful link to find:
http://php.net/manual/en/migration56.openssl.php
An official document describing the changes made to open ssl in PHP 5.6
From here I learned of one more parameter I should have set to false: "verify_peer_name"=>false
Note: This has very significant security implications. Disabling verification potentially permits a MITM attacker to use an invalid certificate to eavesdrop on the requests. While it may be useful to do this in local development, other approaches should be used in production.
So my working code looks like this:
<?php
$arrContextOptions=array(
"ssl"=>array(
"verify_peer"=>false,
"verify_peer_name"=>false,
),
);
$response = file_get_contents("https://maps.co.weber.ut.us/arcgis/rest/services/SDE_composite_locator/GeocodeServer/findAddressCandidates?Street=&SingleLine=3042+N+1050+W&outFields=*&outSR=102100&searchExtent=&f=json", false, stream_context_create($arrContextOptions));
echo $response; ?>
You shouldn't just turn off verification. Rather you should download a certificate bundle, perhaps the curl bundle will do?
Then you just need to put it on your web server, giving the user that runs php permission to read the file. Then this code should work for you:
$arrContextOptions= [
'ssl' => [
'cafile' => '/path/to/bundle/cacert.pem',
'verify_peer'=> true,
'verify_peer_name'=> true,
],
];
$response = file_get_contents(
'https://maps.co.weber.ut.us/arcgis/rest/services/SDE_composite_locator/GeocodeServer/findAddressCandidates?Street=&SingleLine=3042+N+1050+W&outFields=*&outSR=102100&searchExtent=&f=json',
false,
stream_context_create($arrContextOptions)
);
Hopefully, the root certificate of the site you are trying to access is in the curl bundle. If it isn't, this still won't work until you get the root certificate of the site and put it into your certificate file.
I fixed this by making sure that that OpenSSL was installed on my machine and then adding this to my php.ini:
openssl.cafile=/usr/local/etc/openssl/cert.pem
You can get around this problem by writing a custom function that uses curl, as in:
function file_get_contents_curl( $url ) {
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_AUTOREFERER, TRUE );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0 );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1 );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url );
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, TRUE );
$data = curl_exec( $ch );
curl_close( $ch );
return $data;
}
Then just use file_get_contents_curl instead of file_get_contents whenever you're calling a url that begins with https.
Working for me, I am using PHP 5.6. openssl extension should be enabled and while calling google map api verify_peer make false
Below code is working for me.
<?php
$arrContextOptions=array(
"ssl"=>array(
"verify_peer"=>false,
"verify_peer_name"=>false,
),
);
$url = "https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/geocode/json?latlng="
. $latitude
. ","
. $longitude
. "&sensor=false&key="
. Yii::$app->params['GOOGLE_API_KEY'];
$data = file_get_contents($url, false, stream_context_create($arrContextOptions));
echo $data;
?>
After falling victim to this problem on centOS after updating php to php5.6 I found a solution that worked for me.
Get the correct directory for your certs to be placed by default with this
php -r "print_r(openssl_get_cert_locations()['default_cert_file']);"
Then use this to get the cert and put it in the default location found from the code above
wget http://curl.haxx.se/ca/cacert.pem -O <default location>
At first you need to have enabled curl extension in PHP. Then you can use this function:
function file_get_contents_ssl($url) {
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, FALSE);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, false);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, true);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_REFERER, $url);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, TRUE);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT, 3000); // 3 sec.
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 10000); // 10 sec.
$result = curl_exec($ch);
curl_close($ch);
return $result;
}
It works similar to function file_get_contents(..).
Example:
echo file_get_contents_ssl("https://www.example.com/");
Output:
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Example Domain</title>
...
You basically have to set the environment variable SSL_CERT_FILE to the path of the PEM file of the ssl-certificate downloaded from the following link : http://curl.haxx.se/ca/cacert.pem.
It took me a lot of time to figure this out.
If your PHP version is 5, try installing cURL by typing the following command in the terminal:
sudo apt-get install php5-curl
following below steps will fix this issue,
Download the CA Certificate from this link: https://curl.haxx.se/ca/cacert.pem
Find and open php.ini
Look for curl.cainfo and paste the absolute path where you have download the Certificate. curl.cainfo ="C:\wamp\htdocs\cert\cacert.pem"
Restart WAMP/XAMPP (apache server).
It works!
hope that helps !!
Just wanted to add to this since I ran into the same problem and nothing I could find anywhere would work (e.g downloading the cacert.pem file, setting cafile in php.ini etc.)
If you are using NGINX and your SSL certificate comes with an "intermediate certificate", you need to combine the intermediate cert file with your main "mydomain.com.crt" file and it should work. Apache has a setting specific for intermediate certs, but NGINX does not so it must be within same file as your regular cert.
Reason for this error is that PHP does not have a list of trusted certificate authorities.
PHP 5.6 and later try to load the CAs trusted by the system automatically. Issues with that can be fixed. See http://php.net/manual/en/migration56.openssl.php for more information.
PHP 5.5 and earlier are really hard to setup correctly since you manually have to specify the CA bundle in each request context, a thing you do not want to sprinkle around your code.
So I decided for my code that for PHP versions < 5.6, SSL verification simply gets disabled:
$req = new HTTP_Request2($url);
if (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.6.0', '<')) {
//correct ssl validation on php 5.5 is a pain, so disable
$req->setConfig('ssl_verify_host', false);
$req->setConfig('ssl_verify_peer', false);
}
Had the same error with PHP 7 on XAMPP and OSX.
The above mentioned answer in https://stackoverflow.com/ is good, but it did not completely solve the problem for me. I had to provide the complete certificate chain to make file_get_contents() work again. That's how I did it:
Get root / intermediate certificate
First of all I had to figure out what's the root and the intermediate certificate.
The most convenient way is maybe an online cert-tool like the ssl-shopper
There I found three certificates, one server-certificate and two chain-certificates (one is the root, the other one apparantly the intermediate).
All I need to do is just search the internet for both of them. In my case, this is the root:
thawte DV SSL SHA256 CA
And it leads to his url thawte.com. So I just put this cert into a textfile and did the same for the intermediate. Done.
Get the host certificate
Next thing I had to to is to download my server cert. On Linux or OS X it can be done with openssl:
openssl s_client -showcerts -connect whatsyoururl.de:443 </dev/null 2>/dev/null|openssl x509 -outform PEM > /tmp/whatsyoururl.de.cert
Now bring them all together
Now just merge all of them into one file. (Maybe it's good to just put them into one folder, I just merged them into one file). You can do it like this:
cat /tmp/thawteRoot.crt > /tmp/chain.crt
cat /tmp/thawteIntermediate.crt >> /tmp/chain.crt
cat /tmp/tmp/whatsyoururl.de.cert >> /tmp/chain.crt
tell PHP where to find the chain
There is this handy function openssl_get_cert_locations() that'll tell you, where PHP is looking for cert files. And there is this parameter, that will tell file_get_contents() where to look for cert files. Maybe both ways will work. I preferred the parameter way. (Compared to the solution mentioned above).
So this is now my PHP-Code
$arrContextOptions=array(
"ssl"=>array(
"cafile" => "/Applications/XAMPP/xamppfiles/share/openssl/certs/chain.pem",
"verify_peer"=> true,
"verify_peer_name"=> true,
),
);
$response = file_get_contents($myHttpsURL, 0, stream_context_create($arrContextOptions));
That's all. file_get_contents() is working again. Without CURL and hopefully without security flaws.
<?php
$stream_context = stream_context_create([
"ssl" => [
"verify_peer" => false,
"verify_peer_name" => false
]
]);
$response = file_get_contents("https://maps.co.weber.ut.us/arcgis/rest/services/SDE_composite_locator/GeocodeServer/findAddressCandidates?Street=&SingleLine=3042+N+1050+W&outFields=*&outSR=102100&searchExtent=&f=json", false, $stream_context);
echo $response;
?>
Just tested of PHP 7.2, it's working well.
EDIT: Also tested and working on PHP 7.1
Had the same ssl-problem on my developer machine (php 7, xampp on windows) with a self signed certificate trying to fopen a "https://localhost/..."-file. Obviously the root-certificate-assembly (cacert.pem) didn't work.
I just copied manually the code from the apache server.crt-File in the downloaded cacert.pem and did the openssl.cafile=path/to/cacert.pem entry in php.ini
Another thing to try is to re-install ca-certificates as detailed here.
# yum reinstall ca-certificates
...
# update-ca-trust force-enable
# update-ca-trust extract
And another thing to try is to explicitly allow the one site's certificate in question as described here (especially if the one site is your own server and you already have the .pem in reach).
# cp /your/site.pem /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/
# update-ca-trust extract
I was running into this exact SO error after upgrading to PHP 5.6 on CentOS 6 trying to access the server itself which has a cheapsslsecurity certificate which maybe it needed to be updated, but instead I installed a letsencrypt certificate and with these two steps above it did the trick. I don't know why the second step was necessary.
Useful Commands
View openssl version:
# openssl version
OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013
View PHP cli ssl current settings:
# php -i | grep ssl
openssl
Openssl default config => /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
openssl.cafile => no value => no value
openssl.capath => no value => no value
Regarding errors similar to
[11-May-2017 19:19:13 America/Chicago] PHP Warning: file_get_contents(): SSL operation failed with code 1. OpenSSL Error messages:
error:14090086:SSL routines:ssl3_get_server_certificate:certificate verify failed
Have you checked the permissions of the cert and directories referenced by openssl?
You can do this
var_dump(openssl_get_cert_locations());
To get something similar to this
array(8) {
["default_cert_file"]=>
string(21) "/usr/lib/ssl/cert.pem"
["default_cert_file_env"]=>
string(13) "SSL_CERT_FILE"
["default_cert_dir"]=>
string(18) "/usr/lib/ssl/certs"
["default_cert_dir_env"]=>
string(12) "SSL_CERT_DIR"
["default_private_dir"]=>
string(20) "/usr/lib/ssl/private"
["default_default_cert_area"]=>
string(12) "/usr/lib/ssl"
["ini_cafile"]=>
string(0) ""
["ini_capath"]=>
string(0) ""
}
This issue frustrated me for a while, until I realized that my "certs" folder had 700 permissions, when it should have had 755 permissions. Remember, this is not the folder for keys but certificates. I recommend reading this this link on ssl permissions.
Once I did
chmod 755 certs
The problem was fixed, at least for me anyway.
Fix for macos 12.4 / Mamp 6.6 / Homebrew 3.5.2 / Openssl#3
Terminal
Check version
openssl version -a
Mine was pointing to:
...
OPENSSLDIR: "/opt/homebrew/etc/openssl#3"
...
So I looked through homebrew's dir /opt/homebrew/etc/openssl#3 and found the cert.pem and made sure my Mamp's current version of php's php.ini file was pointing to homebrew's correct openssl version's cert.pem
add to php.ini
openssl.cafile=/opt/homebrew/etc/openssl#3/cert.pem
I had the same issue for another secure page when using wget or file_get_contents. A lot of research (including some of the responses on this question) resulted in a simple solution - installing Curl and PHP-Curl - If I've understood correctly, Curl has the Root CA for Comodo which resolved the issue
Install Curl and PHP-Curl addon, then restart Apache
sudo apt-get install curl
sudo apt-get install php-curl
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 reload
All now working.
For me, I was running XAMPP on a Windows 10 machine (localhost) and recently upgraded to PHP 8. I was trying to open a localhost HTTPS link via file_get_contents().
In my php.ini file, there was a line that read:
openssl.cafile="C:\Users\[USER]\xampp\apache\bin\curl-ca-bundle.crt"
This was the certificate bundle being used to validate "outside" URLs, and was a package from Mozilla as some people have discussed. I don't know if XAMPP came that way or if I set it up in the past.
At some point I had set up HTTPS on my localhost, resulting in another certificate bundle. This bundle needed to be used to validate "localhost" URLs. To remind myself where that bundle was, I opened httpd-ssl.conf and found the line that read:
SSLCertificateFile "conf/ssl.crt/server.crt"
(The complete path was C:\Users[USER]\xampp\apache\conf\ssl.crt\server.crt)
To make both localhost and outside URLs work simultaneously, I copied the contents of my localhost "server.crt" file into Mozilla's bundle "curl-ca-bundle.crt".
.
.
.
m7I1HrrW9zzRHM76JTymGoEVW/MSD2zuZYrJh6j5B+BimoxcSg==
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
Localhost--I manually added this
================================
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIDGDCCAgCgAwIBAgIQIH+mTLNOSKlD8KMZwr5P3TANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADAU
...
At that point I could use file_get_contents() with both localhost URLs and outside URLs with no additional configuration.
file_get_contents("https://localhost/...");
file_get_contents("https://google.com");
$csm = stream_context_create(['ssl' => ['capture_session_meta' => TRUE]]);
$sourceCountry = file_get_contents("https://api.wipmania.com/{$ip}?website.com", FALSE, $csm);
echo $sourceCountry;
Can't figure out what could be:
In my local environment, after I updated my OSX to the last version of Yosemite, I get this error:
CurlException: [curl] 51: SSL: certificate verification failed (result: 5) [url]
I'm using Symfony2 so it is related to PHP. I tried to reinstall openssl but nothing happen.
Any suggestion?
Look at the certificate chain for whatever domain is giving you this error. For me it was googleapis.com
openssl s_client -host www.googleapis.com -port 443
You'll get back something like this:
CONNECTED(00000005)
depth=1 C = US, O = Google Trust Services, CN = Google Internet Authority G3
verify error:num=20:unable to get local issuer certificate
---
Certificate chain
0 s:/C=US/ST=California/L=Mountain View/O=Google Inc/CN=*.googleapis.com
i:/C=US/O=Google Trust Services/CN=Google Internet Authority G3
1 s:/C=US/O=Google Trust Services/CN=Google Internet Authority G3
i:/OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R2/O=GlobalSign/CN=GlobalSign
Note: I captured this after I fixed the issue. Also, your chain output will look different.
Then you need to look at the certificates allowed in php running under apache. Run phpinfo() in a page.
<?php echo phpinfo();
Then look for the certificate file that's loaded from the page output by searching the page for openssl.cafile:
openssl.cafile openssl.cafile /usr/local/php5/ssl/certs/cacert.pem
This is the file you'll need to fix by adding the correct certificate(s) to it.
sudo nano /usr/local/php5/ssl/certs/cacert.pem
You basically need to append the correct certificate "signatures" to the end of this file.
You can find some of them here:
https://pki.google.com/
https://www.geotrust.com/resources/root-certificates/index.html
They look like this:
(Note: This is an image so people will not simply copy/paste certificates from stackoverflow)
If you need to convert a .crt to pem, you'll need to do something like this:
openssl x509 -inform DER -outform PEM -in GIAG2.crt -out GIA2.pem
Once the right certificates are in this file, restart apache and test.
Someone already asked a similar question, please look here: HTTPS and SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE:certificate verify failed, CA is OK
also, there is an article here: http://unitstep.net/blog/2009/05/05/using-curl-in-php-to-access-https-ssltls-protected-sites/
Fix for this problem is to unset the value for SSL_CERT_FILE
Run the command :
export SSL_CERT_FILE=""
And then try performing the desired actions and it will work properly.
Reference : Curl 'certificate verification failed' on mac
Try to downgrade curl from 7.37.1 (shipped with beta2) to 7.37.0
Add those options to ignore ceritificate:
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 0);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0);