PDOException: SQLSTATE[HY093] [duplicate] - php

Question

This question already has answers here:
PDO valid characters for placeholders
(2 answers)
Closed 2 years ago.
Hej.
I´m new to PHP but strugling to learn. i have found out that this is the way to handle database connection. Have debugged the code but have one stubborn thing left. Cant seem to wrap my brain around this errorcode. Any pointer in simple way so even i understand. ;-)
I am surfing this pages: https://www.php.net/manual/en/pdostatement.bindparam.php
Error-message:
Database connection establishedPDOException: SQLSTATE[HY093]: Invalid parameter number: parameter was not defined in C:\xampp\htdocs\Test\dbtest.php:28 Stack trace: #0 C:\xampp\htdocs\Test\dbtest.php(28): PDOStatement->execute() #1 {main}
<?php
// Require needed classes
require_once('dbhandler.php');
// Create needed objects
$dbh = new DBHandler();
// Check if database connection established successfully
if ($dbh->getInstance() === null) {
die("No database connection");
}
//$datetime = date("Y-m-d H:i:s");
$epost = 'svante#telia.com';
$namn = 'Svante';
$användarnamn = 'Poffe';
$lösenord = '1596';
try {
$sql = "INSERT INTO users(epost, namn, användarnamn, lösenord) VALUES(:epost, :namn, :användarnamn, :lösenord)";
$stmt = $dbh->getInstance()->prepare($sql);
$stmt->bindParam(':epost', $epost, PDO::PARAM_STR);
$stmt->bindParam(':namn', $namn, PDO::PARAM_STR);
$stmt->bindParam(':användarnamn', $användarnamn, PDO::PARAM_STR);
$stmt->bindParam(':lösenord', $lösenord, PDO::PARAM_STR);
$stmt->execute();
}
catch(PDOException $e) {
echo $e;
}
?>
/Svante

Answer 1

It might be worth trying a simplified version that omits the special characters from the PHP variable and the assigned placeholders.
<?php
require_once('dbhandler.php');
$dbh = new DBHandler();
$e = 'svante#telia.com';
$n = 'Svante';
$a = 'Poffe';
$l = '1596';
$sql = "INSERT INTO users( `epost`, `namn`, `användarnamn`, `lösenord` ) VALUES( :e, :n, :a, :l )";
$stmt = $dbh->getInstance()->prepare($sql);
$stmt->bindParam(':e', $e, PDO::PARAM_STR);
$stmt->bindParam(':n', $n, PDO::PARAM_STR);
$stmt->bindParam(':a', $a, PDO::PARAM_STR);
$stmt->bindParam(':l', $l, PDO::PARAM_STR);
$stmt->execute();