Wordpress Loop inside Shortcode creates infinite page load (post query) - php

Question

So I have looked at every possible solution and read through most similar questions, I just couldn't find the error inside my shortcode for a post query in wordpress.
This is the complete Code:
function common_cats(){
global $posts;
$parts = array();
$title = get_the_title();
$teile = explode("|", $title);
$args = array(
'posts_per_page' => -1,
'no_found_rows' => true,
'orderby' => 'date',
'order' => 'DESC',
'post_type' => 'post',
'post_status' => 'publish',
'suppress_filters' => true,
'tag_slug__in' => $teile
);
$posts = get_posts($args);
$output = "<ul>";
if( $posts->have_posts() ){
while($posts->have_posts()): $post->the_post();
$output .= "<a href=\"".get_permalink()."\">";
$output .= "<li>".get_the_title(). "<br>";
$output .= "<img class=\"sbf-background\" src=\"".get_the_post_thumbnail_url()."\"></img>";
$output .= get_the_excerpt()."</li>"."</a><!-- ends here -->";
endwhile;
}
$output .= "</ul>";
return $output;
}
add_shortcode('commoncats', 'common_cats');
Through testing I could boil the problem down to this part of the code:
if( $posts->have_posts() ){
while($posts->have_posts()): $post->the_post();
$output .= "<a href=\"".get_permalink()."\">";
$output .= "<li>".get_the_title(). "<br>";
$output .= "<img class=\"sbf-background\" src=\"".get_the_post_thumbnail_url()."\"></img>";
$output .= get_the_excerpt()."</li>"."</a><!-- ends here -->";
endwhile;
wp_reset_postdata();
}
But looking at it I just don't see whats causing my site to break additionally the code will work if I comment out these lines
#if( $posts->have_posts() ){
# while($posts->have_posts()): $post->the_post();
$output .= "<a href=\"".get_permalink()."\">";
$output .= "<li>".get_the_title(). "<br>";
$output .= "<img class=\"sbf-background\" src=\"".get_the_post_thumbnail_url()."\"></img>";
$output .= get_the_excerpt()."</li>"."</a><!-- ends here -->";
# endwhile;
wp_reset_postdata();
#}