I have an ASCII string. I like to change its encoding to utf-8.
But I found there's a simple function to change ascii to utf-8 in php.
and vice verse, I like to change utf-8 alphabet to ascii.
Please advise.
I have tried:
<?php
// utf-8
$str = "ＣＨＯＮＫＩＯＫ";
// I can't even how to print these utf-8 characters in php. I just copied/pasted the string.
// strlen($str) => 24 bytes
// mb_detect_encoding($str) => utf-8
$str2 = "CHONKIOK";
// strlen($str2) => 8 bytes
// mb_detect_encoding($str2) => ascii
// change ascii to utf-8
$str = mb_convert_encoding($str2, "UTF-8");
echo mb_detect_encoding($str);
// returns ascii
What you are doing is correct.
As per mb_detect_encoding it states that it detects the most likely character encoding.
As the entire ASCII set is contained within UTF-8 at the exact same character positions, this function is telling you that it's an ASCII string because it technically is. The bytes of this string when encoded in both ASCII and UFT-8 are identical.
As you've found, when you include some characters outside of the ASCII set then it will give you the next probable encoding.
What exactly should I do to obtain this string: "ＣＨＯＮＫＩＯＫ" from "CHONKIOK"?
The characters you're after are called "Fullwidth Latin" characters.
Given the Ｃ character provided is character 65,315 and a regular C is character 67, you could possible obtain the strings you're after by adding the difference of 65,248. This is only possible because the alphabet tends to repeat in the same order throughout different parts of the character charts.
You can get the code point of a character using mb_ord and convert it back to a character using mb_chr, after adding 65,248.
That might look something like:
$str_input = "ABC abc 123";
$convertable = "ABCDEFG12349abcdefg";
$str_output = "";
for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($str_input); $i++) {
$char = mb_ord($str_input[$i], "UTF-8");
if(str_contains($convertable, $str_input[$i])) $char += 65248;
$str_output .= mb_chr($char, "UTF-8");
}
echo $str_output; // outputs "ＡＢＣ ａｂｃ １２３"
Just be sure to include the whole alphabet in $convertable
try this to convert to utf-8:
utf8_encode(string $string): string
try this to convert to ASCII:
utf8_decode(string $string): string
Related
This question looks embarrassingly simple, but I haven't been able to find an answer.
What is the PHP equivalent to the following C# line of code?
string str = "\u1000";
This sample creates a string with a single Unicode character whose "Unicode numeric value" is 1000 in hexadecimal (4096 in decimal).
That is, in PHP, how can I create a string with a single Unicode character whose "Unicode numeric value" is known?
PHP 7.0.0 has introduced the "Unicode codepoint escape" syntax.
It's now possible to write Unicode characters easily by using a double-quoted or a heredoc string, without calling any function.
$unicodeChar = "\u{1000}";
Because JSON directly supports the \uxxxx syntax the first thing that comes into my mind is:
$unicodeChar = '\u1000';
echo json_decode('"'.$unicodeChar.'"');
Another option would be to use mb_convert_encoding()
echo mb_convert_encoding('က', 'UTF-8', 'HTML-ENTITIES');
or make use of the direct mapping between UTF-16BE (big endian) and the Unicode codepoint:
echo mb_convert_encoding("\x10\x00", 'UTF-8', 'UTF-16BE');
I wonder why no one has mentioned this yet, but you can do an almost equivalent version using escape sequences in double quoted strings:
\x[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,2}
The sequence of characters matching the regular expression is a
character in hexadecimal notation.
ASCII example:
<?php
echo("\x48\x65\x6C\x6C\x6F\x20\x57\x6F\x72\x6C\x64\x21");
?>
Hello World!
So for your case, all you need to do is $str = "\x30\xA2";. But these are bytes, not characters. The byte representation of the Unicode codepoint coincides with UTF-16 big endian, so we could print it out directly as such:
<?php
header('content-type:text/html;charset=utf-16be');
echo("\x30\xA2");
?>
ア
If you are using a different encoding, you'll need alter the bytes accordingly (mostly done with a library, though possible by hand too).
UTF-16 little endian example:
<?php
header('content-type:text/html;charset=utf-16le');
echo("\xA2\x30");
?>
ア
UTF-8 example:
<?php
header('content-type:text/html;charset=utf-8');
echo("\xE3\x82\xA2");
?>
ア
There is also the pack function, but you can expect it to be slow.
PHP does not know these Unicode escape sequences. But as unknown escape sequences remain unaffected, you can write your own function that converts such Unicode escape sequences:
function unicodeString($str, $encoding=null) {
if (is_null($encoding)) $encoding = ini_get('mbstring.internal_encoding');
return preg_replace_callback('/\\\\u([0-9a-fA-F]{4})/u', create_function('$match', 'return mb_convert_encoding(pack("H*", $match[1]), '.var_export($encoding, true).', "UTF-16BE");'), $str);
}
Or with an anonymous function expression instead of create_function:
function unicodeString($str, $encoding=null) {
if (is_null($encoding)) $encoding = ini_get('mbstring.internal_encoding');
return preg_replace_callback('/\\\\u([0-9a-fA-F]{4})/u', function($match) use ($encoding) {
return mb_convert_encoding(pack('H*', $match[1]), $encoding, 'UTF-16BE');
}, $str);
}
Its usage:
$str = unicodeString("\u1000");
html_entity_decode('エ', 0, 'UTF-8');
This works too. However the json_decode() solution is a lot faster (around 50 times).
Try Portable UTF-8:
$str = utf8_chr( 0x1000 );
$str = utf8_chr( '\u1000' );
$str = utf8_chr( 4096 );
All work exactly the same way. You can get the codepoint of a character with utf8_ord(). Read more about Portable UTF-8.
As mentioned by others, PHP 7 introduces support for the \u Unicode syntax directly.
As also mentioned by others, the only way to obtain a string value from any sensible Unicode character description in PHP, is by converting it from something else (e.g. JSON parsing, HTML parsing or some other form). But this comes at a run-time performance cost.
However, there is one other option. You can encode the character directly in PHP with \x binary escaping. The \x escape syntax is also supported in PHP 5.
This is especially useful if you prefer not to enter the character directly in a string through its natural form. For example, if it is an invisible control character, or other hard to detect whitespace.
First, a proof example:
// Unicode Character 'HAIR SPACE' (U+200A)
$htmlEntityChar = " ";
$realChar = html_entity_decode($htmlEntityChar);
$phpChar = "\xE2\x80\x8A";
echo 'Proof: ';
var_dump($realChar === $phpChar); // bool(true)
Note that, as mentioned by Pacerier in another answer, this binary code is unique to a specific character encoding. In the above example, \xE2\x80\x8A is the binary coding for U+200A in UTF-8.
The next question is, how do you get from U+200A to \xE2\x80\x8A?
Below is a PHP script to generate the escape sequence for any character, based on either a JSON string, HTML entity, or any other method once you have it as a native string.
function str_encode_utf8binary($str) {
/** #author Krinkle 2018 */
$output = '';
foreach (str_split($str) as $octet) {
$ordInt = ord($octet);
// Convert from int (base 10) to hex (base 16), for PHP \x syntax
$ordHex = base_convert($ordInt, 10, 16);
$output .= '\x' . $ordHex;
}
return $output;
}
function str_convert_html_to_utf8binary($str) {
return str_encode_utf8binary(html_entity_decode($str));
}
function str_convert_json_to_utf8binary($str) {
return str_encode_utf8binary(json_decode($str));
}
// Example for raw string: Unicode Character 'INFINITY' (U+221E)
echo str_encode_utf8binary('∞') . "\n";
// \xe2\x88\x9e
// Example for HTML: Unicode Character 'HAIR SPACE' (U+200A)
echo str_convert_html_to_utf8binary(' ') . "\n";
// \xe2\x80\x8a
// Example for JSON: Unicode Character 'HAIR SPACE' (U+200A)
echo str_convert_json_to_utf8binary('"\u200a"') . "\n";
// \xe2\x80\x8a
function unicode_to_textstring($str){
$rawstr = pack('H*', $str);
$newstr = iconv('UTF-16BE', 'UTF-8', $rawstr);
return $newstr;
}
$msg = '67714eac99c500200054006f006b0079006f002000530074006100740069006f006e003a0020';
echo unicode_to_textstring($str);
In PHP when I use the ord function in order to catch the ASCII code of my character I get this behavior:
ord("a") // return 97
chr(97) // return a
But when I use a special character like Πthe returns are different:
ord("Œ") // return 197
chr(197) // return �
All of my pages are encoded in utf8. This behaviour is the same for most of the special characters.
Has somebody seen this problem in the past? How can I fix it?
ord() and chr() both use the ASCII values of characters, which is a single byte encoding. Πis not a valid character in ASCII.
You can get each byte of a multi-byte character by specifying the byte offset, as follows:
$oethel = "Œ";
$firstByte = ord($oethel[0]); // 197
$secondByte = ord($oethel[1]); // 146
Reversing the process, however, does not work, because assigning to a string byte offset converts that string to an array:
$newOethel = "";
$newOethel[0] = chr(197);
$newOethel[1] = chr(146);
echo $newOethel;
// Output is as follows:
// PHP Notice: Array to string conversion
// Array
The black diamond with a question mark is a display problem.
Review the details of black diamond in https://stackoverflow.com/a/38363567/1766831 . There are two cases; see which one fits.
I have a strange problem...
I have the following string:
$sString = "This is my encoded string é à";
First, I remove html entities:
$sString = html_entity_decode($sString, ENT_COMPAT, 'UTF-8');
What I want is to split this string properly to show each char in a different column of the same table's line.
Well, logically, I used:
$aString = str_split($sString) // Fill an array with each char
It doesn't work. It show in box the char as I didn't used html_entity_decode...
So, I decided to try the following:
for($i = 0; $i < 16; $i++) {
echo "<td>";
echo $sLine1[$i];
echo "</td>";
}
It works BUT special chars as showed as a ? in a black box (encoding problem).
Where it's really strange, it's that when I don't put it in <td> elements, it shows well and there's no encoding problems !
My HTML page contains the charset to UTF-8 and is correctly formated (with doctype, html, body, etc...)
I have to admit that at this point, I've no idea from where this problem comes...
UPDATE
I just realized that when I show char by char outside the <td>, it doesn't work either. The encoded char needs to be by pair to work !
It's a problem for me because the string comes from a database, and special chars won't always be at the same place !
Exemple:
This will show the encoding problem char:
$sString = "Paëlla";
echo $sString[3];
But in this way, it will show the ë:
$sString = "Paëlla";
echo $sString[3];
echo $sString[4];
str_split split the string on bytes. But in UTF-8, characters like é and à are encoded on a sequence of 2 bytes. You need to use mbstring to be UTF-8 aware.
mb_internal_encoding('UTF-8');
function mb_str_split($string, $length = 1) {
$ret = array();
$l = mb_strlen($string);
for ($i = 0; $i < $l; $i += $length) {
$ret[] = mb_substr($string, $i, $length);
}
return $ret;
}
Same if you apply [offset] to a string: you get a byte, not a character if the charset of the string may encode a character on more than a byte. In this case, use mb_substr.
mb_internal_encoding('UTF-8');
echo mb_substr("Paëlla", 2, 1);
Some adding to dinesh123 answer:
Try to trim html strip_tags before you get a string ($sString)
Check a file encoding
Try to set header("Content-Type:text/html; charset=UTF-8") in start of file
I have this function which when executed it returns the first letters of each word of a string.
function initials($stringsoftext) {
$retturns = '';
foreach (explode(' ', $stringsoftext) as $word)
$retturns .= ($word[0]);
return $retturns;
}
Everything works fine. The only problem is that when the words begin with special characters it starts to get messy.
For example "test økonomi" become "t�" instead of "tø"
How can i correct this?
That happens because $word[0] takes the first byte of a string, whereas you are using a multi-bye encoding. So a character may consist of multiple bytes. In case of a ø character it consists of 2 bytes: 0xC3 0xB8
That is how you would extract the first character instead:
mb_substr($word, 0, 1, 'utf8')
Working demo: http://ideone.com/XVnC87
You should use mb_substr with mb_internal_encoding as in example:
<?php
header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8');
mb_internal_encoding('UTF-8');
echo initials('ąęść óęłęł');
function initials($stringsoftext) {
$retturns = '';
foreach (explode(' ', $stringsoftext) as $word) {
$retturns .= mb_substr($word,0,1);
}
return $retturns;
}
Complementing various answers above, you could convert utf-8 (to be precise, assumed as utf-8) encoded character to its ISO 8859 counterpart.
No multibyte support required, as it's not enabled by default in many PHP configurations.
Use utf8_encode() in order to do so
<?php
function initials($stringsoftext) {
$retturns = '';
foreach (explode(' ', utf8_decode($stringsoftext)) as $word)
$retturns .= ($word[0]);
return $retturns;
}
echo initials("test økonomi");
//return tø
?>
Edit: This approach could break if the characters being converted is not defined on ISO 8859 charset (e.g non latin symbols). Just to reiterate if PHP multi byte support is turned on, mb_substr() solutions is certainly the most appropriate as it is able to properly process the string in utf8 encoding.
there is a string $string = "öşğüçı"; pay attention to the last one which is not i
when I want to print first char by echo $string[0] it prints nothing.. I know they are multibyte ones.. though printing first character can be accomplished by
echo $string[0].$string[1] but that is not what I want.. the question is
how can I make the obove mentioned issue just to program in a way below
for($i = 0; $i < sizeof($string); $i++)
echo $string[$i] . " ";
and it will print the following
ö ş ğ ü ç ı
masters of php please help...
to split a string into characters
$string = "öşğüçı";
preg_match_all('/./u', $string, $m);
$chars = $m[0];
note the "u" flag in the regular expression
<?php
// inform the browser you are sending text encoded with utf-8
header("Content-type: text/plain; charset=utf-8");
// if you're using a literal string make sure the file
// is saved using utf-8 as encoding
// or if you're getting it from another source make sure
// you get it in utf-8
$string = "öşğüçı";
// if you do not have your string in utf-8
// you need to find out the actual encoding
// and use "iconv" to convert it to utf-8
// process the string using the mb_* functions
// knowing that it is encoded in utf-8 at this point
$encoding = "UTF-8";
for($i = 0; $i < mb_strlen($string, $encoding); $i++) {
echo mb_substr($string, $i, 1, $encoding);
}
Of course if you prefer another encoding (but I wouldn't see why; maybe just utf-16) you can substitute each instance of "utf-8" from above with your desired encoding and read and use accordingly.
Example for UTF-16 output (file/input is encoded in UTF-8)
<?php
header("Content-type: text/plain; charset=utf-16");
$string = "öşğüçı";
$string = iconv("UTF-8", "UTF-16", $string);
$encoding = "UTF-16";
for($i = 0; $i < mb_strlen($string, $encoding); $i++) {
echo mb_substr($string, $i, 1, $encoding);
}
You cannot handle multi-byte strings in this way in PHP. If it's a fixed-length encoding, where every character takes up, say, two bytes, you can simply take two bytes at a time. If it's a variable-length encoding like UTF-8 though, you will need to use mb_substr and mb_strlen.
May I recommend What Every Programmer Absolutely, Positively Needs To Know About Encodings And Character Sets To Work With Text, which explains this in more detail.
Use iconv_substr or mb_substr to get character and iconv_strlen or mb_strlen to get size of string.