I came across Decode string problem which is given an encoded string s, decode it With rule:
N[encoded] => encoded*N.
Examples:
$input = "4[abc]";
// output: abcabcabcabc
$input = "ac3[ab]d";
// output: acabababd
$input = "a2[b3[cd]]";
// output: abcdcdcdbcdcdcd
I have tried solving it, using string manipulation with if conditions, It works only for two inputs, However it fails at last one when the given input has multiple encoded string.
$output = '';
$arr = str_split($input);
for ($i=0; $i < count($arr); $i++) {
$char = $arr[$i];//current character
if($char == '['){
$closed = strpos($input, ']');
$len = $closed - ($i+1);
$output .= str_repeat(substr($input, $i+1, $len), $prev);
$i = strpos($input, ']');
}elseif(ctype_digit($char)){
$prev = $char;
}else{
$output .= $char;
}
}
echo $output;
Is there any ways to solving it using this approach or another. Or only can be solved using stack?
Thank you for any idea can help solving this problem!
To solve nested [], you have to decode from the inside out. The solution uses preg_replace_callback until there is nothing left to replace.
function fkdecode($str){
while(true){
$newStr = preg_replace_callback('~(\d+)\[([^\[\]]+)\]~',
function($m){
return str_repeat($m[2],(int)$m[1]);
},
$str);
if($newStr == $str) break;
$str = $newStr;
}
return $str;
}
//test
$inputs = ["4[abc]", // output: abcabcabcabc
"ac3[ab]d", // output: acabababd
"a2[b3[cd]]", // output: abcdcdcdbcdcdcd
];
foreach($inputs as $input){
echo $input.' := '. fkdecode($input)."<br>\n";
}
Output:
4[abc] := abcabcabcabc
ac3[ab]d := acabababd
a2[b3[cd]] := abcdcdcdbcdcdcd
Use strpos() with offset ($i in your case) specified to decode multiple encoded string.
You could've used strlen instead of count. It's to avoid array to string conversion error. Also, you should take into consideration the case when N > 9.
$output = '';
for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($input); $i++) {
$char = $input[$i];//current character
if($char == '['){
$closed = strpos($input, ']', $i);
$len = $closed - ($i+1);
$output .= str_repeat(substr($input, $i+1, $len), $prev);
$i = strpos($input, ']', $i);
}elseif(ctype_digit($char)){
$end = strpos($input, '[', $i);
$len = $end - $i;
$prev = substr($input, $i, $len);
$i = strpos($input, '[', $i) - 1;
}else{
$output .= $char;
}
}
echo $output;
?>
BTW, this doesn't solve the nested []. You could use a stack to solve it. Hint: Check if there's a [ before $closed. Or use this non-O(n) approach.
I want to print the string reversed. I found this code but I can't understand what is the meaning of immediate two line after the for loop.
<?php
$s = 'abcdefg';
$j = 0;
for ($i = strlen($s) - 1; $i >= 0; $i--) {
$s .= $s[$i];
$s[$i] = NULL;
$j++;
}
echo "$s";
echo "<br/>";
echo "there are " . $j . " character in the string.";
?>
Just simply use strrev
<?php
echo strrev("abcdefg");
$s .= $s[$i];
This line will be generating the reverse string and concatenating it with the variable $s. And since you are concatenating this variable $s (which already has some value abcdefg, you need to remove each characters from the variable which is done by the following line in your code:
$s[$i] = NULL;
You can check this by removing this line and check the output. It will output:
abcdefggfedcba
The simpler alternative would be to use strrev() function
follow this code
<?php
error_reporting(0);
$s = 'abcdefg';
$length = strlen($s);
$k=array();
for ($i = $length; $i>=0; $i--) {
$k .= $s[$i];
$k[$i] = NULL;
}
echo "$s";
echo "<br/>";
echo "there are <b>".$k."</b> character in the string.";
?>
Some time ago during a job interview I got the task to reverse a string in PHP without using strrev.
My first solution was something like this:
$s = 'abcdefg';
$temp = '';
for ($i = 0, $length = mb_strlen($s); $i < $length; $i++) {
$temp .= $s{$length - $i - 1};
}
var_dump($temp);
// outputs string(7) "gfedcba"
then they asked me if I could do this without doubling the memory usage (not using the $temp variable or any variable to copy the reversed string to) and I failed.
This kept bugging me and since then I tried to solve this multiple times but I constantly failed.
My latest try looks like this:
$s = 'abcdefg';
for ($i = 0, $length = mb_strlen($s); $i < $length; $i++) {
$s = $s{$i * 2} . $s;
}
var_dump($s);
// outputs string(14) "gfedcbaabcdefg"
It's not a solution to chop off "abcdefg" after the loop because then I would still double the amount of memory used. I need to remove the last character in every iteration of the loop.
I tried to use mb_substr like this:
$s = 'abcdefg';
for ($i = 0, $length = mb_strlen($s); $i < $length; $i++) {
$s = $s{$i * 2} . mb_substr($s, $length - $i - 1, 1);
}
var_dump($s);
but it only gives me Uninitialized string offset errors.
This is where I'm stuck (again). I tried googling but all the solutions I found either echo the characters directly or use a temporary variable.
I also found the Question PHP String reversal without using extra memory but there's no answer that fits my needs.
That's an interesting one.
Here's something I just came up with:
$s = 'abcdefghijklm';
for($i=strlen($s)-1, $j=0; $j<$i; $i--, $j++) {
list($s[$j], $s[$i]) = array($s[$i], $s[$j]);
}
echo $s;
list() can be used to assign a list of variables in one operation. So what I am doing is simply swapping characters (starting with first and last, then second-first and second-last and so on, till it reaches the middle of the string)
Output is mlkjihgfedcba.
Not using any other variables than $s and the counters, so I hope that fits your criteria.
You can use the fact that in PHP a string can be thought of as an array of characters.
Then basically what you want to do is to replace each character $i on the left side of the middle of the string with the character $j on the right side of the middle with the same distance.
For example, in a string of seven characters the middle character is on position 3. The character on position 0 (distance 3) needs to be swapped with the character on position 6 (3 + 3), the character on position 1 (distance 2) needs to be swapped with the character on position 5 (3 + 2), etc.
This algorithm can be implemented as follows:
$s = 'abcdefg';
$length = strlen($s);
for ($i = 0, $j = $length-1; $i < ($length / 2); $i++, $j--) {
$t = $s[$i];
$s[$i] = $s[$j];
$s[$j] = $t;
}
var_dump($s);
$string = 'abc';
$reverted = implode(array_reverse(str_split($string)));
You could use the XOR swap trick.
function rev($str) {
$len = strlen($str);
for($i = 0; $i < floor($len / 2); ++$i) {
$str[$i] = $str[$i] ^ $str[$len - $i - 1];
$str[$len - $i - 1] = $str[$i] ^ $str[$len - $i - 1];
$str[$i] = $str[$i] ^ $str[$len - $i - 1];
}
return $str;
}
print rev("example");
Try this:
$s = 'abcdefg';
for ($i = strlen($s)-1; $i>=0; $i--) {
$s .= $s[$i];
$s[$i] = NULL;
}
var_dump(trim($s));
Here it is PHP7 version of this:
echo "\u{202E}abcdefg"; // outs: gfedcba
PHP strings are kinda-sorta mutable, but due to copy-on-write it's very difficult to modify them in-place without a copy being made. Some of the above solutions work, but only because they're stand-alone; some already fail because they define a function without a pass-by-reference argument. To get the code to actually operate in-place in a larger program, you'd need to pay careful attention to assignments, function arguments, and scopes.
Example:
$string1 = 'abc';
$string2 = $string1;
$string1[0] = 'b';
print("$string1, $string2");
> "abc, bbc"
I suppose that if between initializing the variable and modifying it you only ever used by-reference assignments (&=) and reference arguments (function rev(&$string)) (or assign the string to an object property initially, and then never assign it to any other variable), you might be able to change the original value of the string without making any copies. That's a bit ridiculous, however, and I'd assume that the interviewer who came up with that question didn't know about copy-on-write.
This isn't quite the same as immutability in other languages, by the way, because it applies to arrays too:
$a = [0, 1, 2];
$b = $a;
$b[0] = 1;
print(implode($a).implode($b));
> "012112"
To sum up, all types (except for objects as of PHP5) are assigned with copy-on-write unless you specifically use the &= operator. The assignment doesn't copy them, but unlike most other languages (C, Java, Python...) that either change the original value (arrays) or don't allow write access at all (strings), PHP will silently create a copy before making any changes.
Of course, if you switched to a language with more conventional pointers and also switched to byte arrays instead of strings, you could use XOR to swap each pair of characters in place:
for i = 0 ... string.length / 2:
string[i] ^= string[string.length-1-i]
string[string.length-1-i] ^= string[i]
string[i] ^= string[string.length-1-i]
Basically #EricBouwers answer, but you can remove the 2nd placeholder variable $j
function strrev2($str)
{
$len = strlen($str);
for($i=0;$i<$len/2;$i++)
{
$tmp = $str[$i];
$str[$i] = $str[$len-$i-1];
$str[$len-$i-1] = $tmp;
}
return $str;
}
Test for the output:
echo strrev2("Hi there!"); // "!ereht iH"
echo PHP_EOL;
echo strrev2("Hello World!"); // "!dlroW olleH"
This will go through the list and stop halfway, it swaps the leftmost and rightmost, and works it's way inward, and stops at the middle. If odd numbered, the pivot digit is never swapped with itself, and if even, it swaps the middle two and stops. The only extra memory used is $len for convenience and $tmp for swapping.
If you want a function that doesn't return a new copy of the string, but just edits the old one in place you can use the following:
function strrev3(&$str)
{
$len = strlen($str);
for($i=0;$i<$len/2;$i++)
{
$tmp = $str[$i];
$str[$i] = $str[$len-$i-1];
$str[$len-$i-1] = $tmp;
}
}
$x = "Test String";
echo $x; // "Test String"
strrev3($x);
echo PHP_EOL;
echo $x; // "gnirtS tseT"
Using &$str passes a direct pointer the the string for editing in place.
And for a simpler implementation like #treegardens, you can rewrite as:
$s = 'abcdefghijklm';
$len = strlen($s);
for($i=0; $i < $len/2; $i++) {
list($s[$i], $s[$len-$i-1]) = array($s[$len-$i-1], $s[$i]);
}
echo $s;
It has the similar logic, but I simplified the for-loop quite a bit.
Its Too Simple
//Reverse a String
$string = 'Basant Kumar';
$length = strlen($string);
for($i=$length-1;$i >=0;$i--){
echo $string[$i];
}
Here is my code to solve your problem
<?php
$s = 'abcdefg';
for ($i = 0, $length = mb_strlen($s); $i < $length; $i++) {
$s = $s{$i}.mb_substr($s,0,$i).mb_substr($s,$i+1);
}
var_dump($s);
?>
You could also use a recursion to reverse the string. Something like this for example:
function reverse($s) {
if(strlen($s) === 1) return $s;
return substr($s, strlen($s)-1) . reverse(substr($s , 0, strlen($s)-1));
}
What you do here is actually returning the last character of the string and then calling again the same function with the substring that contains the initial string without the last character. When you reach the point when your string is just one character then you end the recursion.
You can use this code to reverse a string without using the reserved function in php.
Code:
<?php
function str_rev($y)// function for reversing a string by passing parameters
{
for ($x = strlen($y)-1; $x>=0; $x--) {
$y .= $y[$x];
$y[$x] = NULL;
}
echo $y;
}
str_rev("I am a student");
?>
Output:
tneduts a ma I
In the above code, we have passed the value of the string as the parameter.We have performed the string reversal using for loop.
you could use substr with negative start.
Theory & Explanation
you can start with for loop with counter from 1 to length of string, and call substr inside iteration with counter * -1 (which will convert the counter into negative value) and length of 1.
So for the first time counter would be 1 and by multiplying with -1 will turn it to -1
Hence substr('abcdefg', -1, 1); will get you g
and next iteration substr('abcdefg', -2, 1); will get you f
and substr('abcdefg', -3, 1); will get you e
and so on ...
Code
$str = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz';
for($i=1; $i <= strlen($str); $i++) {
echo substr($str, $i*-1, 1);
}
In Action: https://eval.in/583208
public function checkString($str){
if(!empty($str)){
$i = 0;
$str_reverse = '';
while(isset($str[$i])){
$strArr[] = $str[$i];
$i++;
}
for($j = count($strArr); $j>= 0; $j--){
if(isset($strArr[$j])){
$str_reverse .= $strArr[$j];
}
}
if($str == $str_reverse){
echo 'It is a correct string';
}else{
echo 'Invalid string';
}
}
else{
echo 'string not found.';
}
}
//Reverse String word by word
$str = "Reverse string word by word";
$i = 0;
while ($d = $str[$i]) {
if($d == " ") {
$out = " ".$temp.$out;
$temp = "";
}
else
$temp .= $d;
$i++;
}
echo $temp.$out;
The following solution is very simple, but it does the job:
$string = 'Andreas';
$reversedString = '';
for($i = mb_strlen($string) - 1; $i >= 0; $i--){
$reversedString .= $string[$i];
}
var_dump($reversedString) then results: string(7) "saerdnA"
<?php
$value = 'abcdefg';
$length_value = strlen($value);
for($i = $length_value-1; $i >=0 ;$i--){
echo $value[$i];
}
?>
you can try this..
$string = "NASEEM";
$total_word = strlen($string);
for($i=0; $i<=$total_word; $i++)
{
echo substr($string,$total_word-$i,1);
}
i have used some built in function but without str_rev function .
<?php
$text = "red";
$arr = str_split($text);
$rev_text = array_reverse($arr);
echo join(" ",$rev_text);
?>
Try This
<?php
$str="abcde";
for($i=strlen($str)-1;$i>=0;$i--){
echo $str[$i];
}
?>
output
edcba
This is my solution to solve this.
$in = 'This is a test text';
$out = '';
// find string length
$len = strlen($in);
// loop through it and print it reverse
for ( $i = $len - 1; $i >=0;$i-- )
{
$out = $out.$in[$i];
}
echo $out;
Reverse string using recursion function.
$reverseString = '';
function Reverse($str, $len)
{
if ($len == 0) {
return $GLOBALS['reverseString'];
} else {
$len--;
$GLOBALS['reverseString'] .= $str[$len];
return Reverse($str, $len);
}
}
$str = 'Demo text';
$len = strlen($str);
echo Reverse($str, $len)
Try this
$warn = 'this is a test';
$i=0;
while(#$warn[$i]){
$i++;}
while($i>0)
{
echo $warn[$i-1]; $i--;
}
I am using codes like "gjhyYhK", "HJjhkeuJ" etc. But want user to show these codes like:
gj_y__K
HJj__e_J
means code will be edited with "_" at random positions in code.
This will do what you want:
$str = "gjhyYhK";
$len = strlen($str);
$num_to_remove = ceil($len * .4); // 40% removal
for($i = 0; $i < $num_to_remove; $i++)
{
$k = 0;
do
{
$k = rand(1, $len);
} while($str[$k-1] == "_");
$str[$k-1] = "_";
}
print $str . "\n";
If you want more underscores, change the value of $underscores. This will guarantee you get how many underscores you want, so long as you want fewer than the length of the string
Try this:
$string=array(
'gjhyYhK',
'HJjhkeuJ'
);
$arr=array();
foreach ($string as $key=>$value) {
$arr[$key]='';
for ($i=1; $i <=strlen($value); $i++) {
if(rand(0,1)){
$arr[$key].=substr($string[$key],$i,1);
}else{
$arr[$key].='_';
}
}
}
var_dump($arr);
you can try below code to get the functionality what you are looking for
<?php
$string = "gjhyYhK";
$percentage = 40;
$total_length = strlen($string);
$number_of_underscore = floor(($percentage / 100) * $total_length); // I have use floor value, you can use ceil() as well
for ($i = 1; $i <= $number_of_underscore; $i++)
{
$random_position = rand(0, strlen($string) - 1); // get the random position of character to be replaced
if (substr($string, $random_position, 1) !== '_') // check if its already replaced underscore (_)
{
$string = preg_replace("/" . (substr($string, $random_position, 1)) . "/", '_', $string, 1); // here preg_replaced use to replace the character only once, (i.e str_replace() will replace all matching characters)
}
else
{
$i--; // else decrement $i for the loop to run one more time
}
}
echo $string;
?>
let me know if any other help needed
$str = "ADFJ";
$strlen = strlen($str);
$newStr = '';
for ($i = 0; $i < $strlen; $i++) {
if ($i == rand(0, $strlen)) {
$newStr .= '_';
} else {
$newStr .= $str[$i];
}
}
echo $newStr;
I'm trying to keep the for loop variable but I don´t know how,
This is the code that I use to make a string like: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 ect.
for($i = 0; $i <= 17; $i++) {
$str = $i . ',';
}
Than:
$str = substr($str, 0, -1);
To get rid of the last char.
However, when I call the $str variable out of the for loop, it only outputs 17
Here is the whole code:
for($i = 0; $i <= 17; $i++)
{
$str = $i . ',';
}
$str = substr($str, 0, -1);
echo $str;
So to sum it up, I need the output to be 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 without a , at the end...
for($i = 0; $i <= 17; $i++)
{
// here
$str .= $i . ',';
}
$str = substr($str, 0, -1);
echo $str;
But there is a better way:
echo implode(',', range(0, 17));