Finding max value in array using recursion in PHP - php

I know how to use loop to do this simple problem, but I want to play more with recursion. I trying to find max value in array using recursion with PHP. My basic idea is compare the first value of the array with the maximum value of the new array (made by remove the first value of the given array):
function find_max($arr)
{
if ($arr = [])
{
return 0; // base case
} else
{
if ($arr[0] > find_max(rest_of($arr)))
{
return $arr[0];
} else
{
return find_max(rest_of($arr));
}
}
}
function rest_of($arr)
{
unset($arr[0]); // remove the first value of the array
$arr = array_values($arr); // re-index the array
return $arr;
}
But when I run, it seems that it has infinite loop. "Undefined offset: 0"
Can anyone help me?

The problem is because of your base condition here,
if($arr = []){ ...
= is an assignment operator, not comparison operator. What you need here is a comparison operator ==. So it should be,
if($arr == []){
Furthermore, you can change your base condition like this way,
if(count($arr) == 1){
return $arr[0]; // base case
}
So your find_max() function should be like this:
function find_max($arr){
if(count($arr) == 1){
return $arr[0]; // base case
}
if ($arr[0] > find_max(rest_of($arr))){
return $arr[0];
} else{
return find_max(rest_of($arr));
}
}

Related

PHP: How to get last array element in one array

i am trying to create function to check if array element is the last array element in one array. Original array looks like:
array(1001,
1002,
array('exam'=>true, 'index'=>10),
1003,
1004,
1005,
array('exam'=>true, 'index'=>20),
1006,
1007,
array('exam'=>true, 'index'=>30),
1008,
1009
)
I this case to prove if "array('exam'=>true, 'index'=>30)" is the last.
I have index position of that element, but I do not know how to check if that is the last array element.
function is_last_exam_in_survey($array, $exam_position) {
foreach($array as $element) {
if(!is_numeric($element) {
// check if that is the last array element in array
//return true;
} else {
// return false;
}
}
}
I would be grateful for any advice:)
function get_last_exam_in_survey($array) {
$last = null;
foreach($array as $element) {
if(is_array($element) && !empty($element['exam'])) {
$last = $element;
}
}
return $last;
}
function is_last_exam_in_survey($array, $exam_position) {
$last_exam = get_last_exam_in_survey($array);
return !empty($last_exam) && ($last_exam['index']==$exam_position);
}
I think this would be the quickest solution:
function is_last_exam_in_survey($array, $exam_position) {
$last_index = array_key_last( $array );
if( $exam_position == $last_index ){
return true;
}else{
return false;
}
}
You can still change the conditional statement if you are trying to compare values from the last element, for example:
if( isset($last_index['index']) && $exam_position == $last_index['index'] ){
Also, if you want to get the latest array value instead of key, you could use this:
$last_index = end( $array );
I would reverse the array, and look for the first element. Something like:
function is_last_exam_in_survey($array, $exam_position) {
foreach(array_reverse($array) as $element) {
if(!is_numeric($element) {
return $element['index'] === $exam_position;
}
}
return false;
}
Seems like the most efficient and simplest solution to me.
this solution avoid loop. at first we find out the last index of array.Then we use is_array() function for check the last element is array or not.
function get_last_exam_in_survey(array $arr)
{
$lastOfset = count($arr) - 1;
if(is_array($arr[$lastOfset])){
return true;
}else{
return false;
}
}
I think you can use array_column function to do that
function is_last_exam_in_survey($array,$exam_position){
$ac = array_column($array, 'index'); // return array(10,20,30)
$la = $ac[count($ac) - 1]; // 30
foreach ($array as $element) {
if (!is_numeric($element)) {
// check if $element['index'] === 30
if($element['index'] === $la){
return true;
}
}
}
}
How about using array_slice to extract the values in the array that are after the position you are looking at, then array_filter to remove any values that are not arrays. If there are any values left, then the entry you are looking at is not the last array entry in the array.
This may not be very efficient if you are calling it a lot of times with a large array. It may be better to rethink the way the data is stored or loaded into the array.
function is_last_exam_in_survey($array, $exam_position)
{
return isset($array[$exam_position])
&& is_array($array[$exam_position])
&& !array_filter(array_slice($array, $exam_position + 1), 'is_array');
}

PHP In_MultiArray Function

on http://php.net/manual/en/function.in-array.php - if you scroll down it gives a function to determine if a string is inside of a query in a multidimensional array. "If you found yourself in need of a multidimensional array in_array like function you can use the one below. Works in a fair amount of time"
Here's original code(working):
function in_multiarray($elem, $array)
{
$top = sizeof($array) - 1;
$bottom = 0;
while($bottom <= $top)
{
if($array[$bottom] == $elem)
return true;
else
if(is_array($array[$bottom]))
if(in_multiarray($elem, ($array[$bottom])))
return true;
$bottom++;
}
return false;
}
What I'm trying to do is instead of returning 'true' or 'false' - i'd like to return the ROW #. So my initial thought was to simply replace 'return true' with 'return $bottom; however it isn't returning the record number.
Modified Function (not working);
function in_multiarray($elem, $array)
{
$top = sizeof($array) - 1;
$bottom = 0;
while($bottom <= $top)
{
if($array[$bottom] == $elem)
return $bottom;
else
if(is_array($array[$bottom]))
if(in_multiarray($elem, ($array[$bottom])))
return $bottom;
$bottom++;
}
return false;
}
Does anyone have an idea how to modify this function to return the ROW number that contains the match?
Here's a sample of the array...
$sample = array
array ("oldpage1.php","newpage1.php"),
array ("oldpage2.php","newpage2.php"),
array ("oldpage3.php","newpage3.php"),
array ("oldpage4.php","newpage4.php"),
array ("oldpage5.php","newpage5.php")
etc.
);
$row = in_multiarray($input, $sample);
Therefore if we know the row # we can fetch the new page with a simple
$newpage=$sample[$row][1]
Thanks!
It's worth noting that a function like in_array is intended to tell you whether or not a value exists inside of an array. What you're looking for seems to be a lot closer to something like array_search, which is designed to actually provide you with the key that points to a given value in the array.
However, because you're using a multi-dimensional array what you're actually looking for is the key that points to the array that contains the value. Hence we can divide and conquer this problem with two simple steps.
Map
Filter
The first step is to map a function in_array to every element in the first array (which is just another array). This will tell us which elements of the primary array contain an array that contains the value we're searching for.
$result = array_map(function($arr) use($search) {
return in_array($search, $arr, true);
}, $arr, [$searchValue]);
The second step is to then return the keys to those arrays (i.e. filter the result).
$keys = array_keys(array_filter($result));
Now you have all the keys of any matching items. If you want to apply as just one custom filter that specifies exactly where in the subarray to look, you could also do it like this.
$search = "oldpage2.php";
$sample = [
["oldpage1.php","newpage1.php"],
["oldpage2.php","newpage2.php"],
["oldpage3.php","newpage3.php"],
["oldpage4.php","newpage4.php"],
["oldpage5.php","newpage5.php"],
];
$keys = array_keys(array_filter($sample, function($arr) use($search) {
return $arr[0] === $search;
}));
var_dump($keys);
And you get...
array(1) {
[0]=>
int(1)
}
So now you know that "oldpage2.php" is in row 1 in $sample[1][0] which means you can do this to get the results out of the array.
foreach($keys as $key) {
echo "{$sample[$key][0]} maps to {$sample[$key][1]}\n";
}
Giving you
oldpage2.php maps to newpage2.php
If you want to return only the first result you could do that as well with a function like this using similar approach.
function getFirstMatch($search, Array $arr) {
foreach($arr as $key => $value) {
if ($value[0] === $search) {
return $value[1];
}
}
}
echo getFirstMatch("oldpage4.php", $sample); // newpage4.php
The Better Alternative
Of course, the better approach is to actually use the oldpage names as the actual keys of the array rather than do this expensive search through the array, because array lookup by key in PHP is just an O(1) operation, whereas this needle/haystack approach is O(N).
So we turn your $samples array into something like this and the search no longer requires any functions...
$samples = [
"oldpage1.php" => "newpage1.php",
"oldpage2.php" => "newpage2.php",
"oldpage3.php" => "newpage3.php",
"oldpage4.php" => "newpage4.php",
"oldpage5.php" => "newpage5.php",
];
Now you can just do something like $newpage = $samples[$search] and you get exactly what you're looking for. So echo $samples["oldpage2.php"] gives you "newpage2.php" directly without the intermediary step of searching through each array.
You can use the following code to get the full path to the value:
function in_multiarray($elem, $array, &$result)
{
$top = sizeof($array) - 1;
$bottom = 0;
while($bottom <= $top)
{
if($array[$bottom] == $elem) {
array_unshift($result, $bottom);
return true;
}
else {
if(is_array($array[$bottom])) {
if(in_multiarray($elem, $array[$bottom], $result)) {
array_unshift($result, $bottom);
return true;
}
}
}
$bottom++;
}
array_shift($result);
return false;
}
$sample = array(
array ("oldpage1.php","newpage1.php"),
array ("oldpage2.php","newpage2.php"),
array ("oldpage3.php","newpage3.php"),
array ("oldpage4.php","newpage4.php"),
array ("oldpage5.php","newpage5.php")
);
$input = "newpage5.php";
$result = [];
in_multiarray($input, $sample, $result);
print_r($result);
Path is stored in $result;

Test if one array is a subset of another

How can I determine if one array is a subset of another (all elements in the first are present in the second)?
$s1 = "string1>string2>string3>string4>string5>string6>";
$arr1 = explode(">", $s1);
$s2 = "string1>string4>string5";
$arr2 = explode(">", $s2);
$isSubset = /* ??? */
if (array_intersect($array1, $array2) == $array1) {
// $array1 is a subset of $array2
}
Simple: use array subtraction.
On array subtraction, you will know whether or not one array is a subset of the other.
Example:
if (!array_diff($array1, $array2)) {
// $array1 is a subset of $array2
}
Reference: array_diff
You can use array_intersect also.
Try that
If you start from strings, you could check strstr($fullString,$subsetStr);. But that'll only work when all chars have the same order: 'abcd','cd' will work, but 'abcd','ad' won't.
But instead of writing your own, custom, function you should know that PHP has TONS of array functions, so its neigh on impossible that there isn't a std function that can do what you need it to do. In this case, I'd suggest array_diff:
$srcString = explode('>','string1>string2>string3>string4>string5');
$subset = explode('>','string3>string2>string5');
$isSubset = array_diff($subset,$srcString);
//if (empty($isSubset)) --> cf comments: somewhat safer branch:
if (!$isSubset)
{
echo 'Subset';
return true;
}
else
{
echo 'Nope, substrings: '.implode(', ',$isSubset).' Didn\'t match';
return false;
}
I would create an associated array of the larger array, then iterate through the smaller array, looking for a non collision, if you find one, return false.
function isSubset($arr1,$arr2){
$map = Array();
for ($i=0;$i<count($arr1);$i++){
$map[$arr[$i]]=true;
}
for ($i=0;$i<count($arr2);$i++){
if (!isset($map[$arr2[$i]])){
return false;
}
}
return true;
$s1 = "1>2>3>4>5>6>7";
$arr1 = explode(">",$s1);
$s2 = "1>2>3";
$arr2 = explode(">",$s2);
if(isSub($arr1,$arr2)){
echo 'true';
}else{
echo 'false';
}
function isSub($a1,$a2){
$num2 = count($a2);
$sub = $num2;
for($i = 0;$i < $num2 ;$i++){
if(in_array($a2[$i],$a1)){
$sub--;
}
}
return ($sub==0)? true:false;
}
Simple function which will return true if array is exact subset otherwise false. Solution is applicable for two dimensional array as well.
function is_array_subset($superArr, $subArr) {
foreach ($subArr as $key => $value) {
//check if keys not set in super array OR values are unequal in both array.
if (!isset($superArr[$key]) || $superArr[$key] != $value) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}

Difficulty checking if elements in array are type integer PHP

I am trying to detect if one or more variables contain numbers. I have tried a few different methods, but I have not been entirely successful. Here is what I have tried.
<?php
$one = '1';
$two = '2';
$a1 = '3';
$a2 = '4';
$a3 = '5';
$string_detecting_array = array();
array_push($string_detecting_array, $one,$two,$a1,$a2,$a3);
foreach ($string_detecting_array as $key) {
if (is_numeric($key)) {
echo 'Yes all elements in array are type integer.';
}
else {
echo "Not all elements in array were type integer.";
}
}
?>
I haven't been successful using this method. Any ideas? Thankyou in advance!
First off, your loop logic is wrong: you should process all the items in the array before reaching a verdict. The shortest (although not most obvious) way to do this is with
$allNumbers = $array == array_filter($array, 'is_numeric');
This works because array_filter preserves keys and comparing arrays with == checks element counts, keys, and values (and the values here are primitives, so can be trivially compared).
A more mundane solution would be
$allNumbers = true;
foreach ($array as $item) {
if (!is_numeric_($item)) {
$allNumbers = false;
break;
}
}
// now $allNumbers is either true or false
Regarding the filter function: if you only want to allow the characters 0 to 9, you want to use ctype_digit, with the caveat that this will not allow a minus sign in front.
is_numeric will allow signs, but it will also allow floating point numbers and hexadecimals.
gettype will not work in this case because your array contains numeric strings, not numbers.
You can use gettype if you want to explicitly know if the variable is a number. Using is_numeric will not respect types.
If you are intending to use is_numeric but want to know if all elements are, then proceed as follows:
$all_numeric = true;
foreach ($string_detecting_array as $key) {
if (!(is_numeric($key))) {
$all_numeric = false;
break;
}
}
if ($all_numeric) {
echo 'Yes all elements in array are type integer.';
}
else {
echo "Not all elements in array were type integer.";
}
You can chain array_map with array_product to get a one-liner expression:
if (array_product(array_map('is_numeric', $string_detecting_array))) {
echo "all values are numeric\n";
} else {
echo "not all keys are numeric\n";
}
You can use this:
$set = array(1,2,'a','a1','1');
if(in_array(false, array_map(function($v){return is_numeric($v);}, $set)))
{
echo 'Not all elements in array were type integer.';
}
else
{
echo 'Yes all elements in array are type integer.';
}
You can create own batch testing function. It may be static function on your utility class!
/**
* #param array $array
* #return bool
*/
public static function is_all_numeric(array $array){
foreach($array as $item){
if(!is_numeric($item)) return false;
}
return true;
}
Use gettype()
http://php.net/manual/en/function.gettype.php
You have to set a flag and look at all the items.
$isNumeric = true;
foreach ($string_detecting_array as $key) {
if (!is_numeric($key)) {
$isNumeric = false;
}
}
if ($isNumeric) {
echo 'Yes all elements in array are type integer.';
}
else {
echo "Not all elements in array were type integer.";
}

Is there a method to check if all array items are '0'?

I have an array
$data = array( 'a'=>'0', 'b'=>'0', 'c'=>'0', 'd'=>'0' );
I want to check if all array values are zero.
if( all array values are '0' ) {
echo "Got it";
} else {
echo "No";
}
Thanks
I suppose you could use array_filter() to get an array of all items that are non-zero ; and use empty() on that resulting array, to determine if it's empty or not.
For example, with your example array :
$data = array(
'a'=>'0',
'b'=>'0',
'c'=>'0',
'd'=>'0' );
Using the following portion of code :
$tmp = array_filter($data);
var_dump($tmp);
Would show you an empty array, containing no non-zero element :
array(0) {
}
And using something like this :
if (empty($tmp)) {
echo "All zeros!";
}
Would get you the following output :
All zeros!
On the other hand, with the following array :
$data = array(
'a'=>'0',
'b'=>'1',
'c'=>'0',
'd'=>'0' );
The $tmp array would contain :
array(1) {
["b"]=>
string(1) "1"
}
And, as such, would not be empty.
Note that not passing a callback as second parameter to array_filter() will work because (quoting) :
If no callback is supplied, all entries of input equal to FALSE (see
converting to boolean) will be removed.
How about:
// ditch the last argument to array_keys if you don't need strict equality
$allZeroes = count( $data ) == count( array_keys( $data, '0', true ) );
Use this:
$all_zero = true;
foreach($data as $value)
if($value != '0')
{
$all_zero = false;
break;
}
if($all_zero)
echo "Got it";
else
echo "No";
This is much faster (run time) than using array_filter as suggested in other answer.
you can loop the array and exit on the first non-zero value (loops until non-zero, so pretty fast, when a non-zero value is at the beginning of the array):
function allZeroes($arr) {
foreach($arr as $v) { if($v != 0) return false; }
return true;
}
or, use array_sum (loops complete array once):
function allZeroes($arr) {
return array_sum($arr) == 0;
}
#fireeyedboy had a very good point about summing: if negative values are involved, the result may very well be zero, even though the array consists of non-zero values
Another way:
if(array_fill(0,count($data),'0') === array_values($data)){
echo "All zeros";
}
Another quick solution might be:
if (intval(emplode('',$array))) {
// at least one non zero array item found
} else {
// all zeros
}
if (!array_filter($data)) {
// empty (all values are 0, NULL or FALSE)
}
else {
// not empty
}
I'm a bit late to the party, but how about this:
$testdata = array_flip($data);
if(count($testdata) == 1 and !empty($testdata[0])){
// must be all zeros
}
A similar trick uses array_unique().
You can use this function
function all_zeros($array){//true if all elements are zeros
$flag = true;
foreach($array as $a){
if($a != 0)
$flag = false;
}
return $flag;
}
You can use this one-liner: (Demo)
var_export(!(int)implode($array));
$array = [0, 0, 0, 0]; returns true
$array = [0, 0, 1, 0]; returns false
This is likely to perform very well because there is only one function call.
My solution uses no glue when imploding, then explicitly casts the generated string as an integer, then uses negation to evaluate 0 as true and non-zero as false. (Ordinarily, 0 evaluates as false and all other values evaluate to true.)
...but if I was doing this for work, I'd probably just use !array_filter($array)

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